• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.411-417
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• 2017

This experimental research explores the effect of background music of TV documentary which can be classified as channel factor in the field of media effect, on audience's recall memory, flow, arousal of interest, evaluation of documentary. Most previous researches of media effect focused on the effect of sender factor and message factor on audience's memory, understanding, acquirement of knowledge, attitude, action. However the number of researches on the effect of background music on audience's various dependent variables is extremely limited, especially it is very difficult to find studies on the effect of background music of TV documentary on audience. Therefore this research tries to find the effect of background music of TV documentary on audience's recall memory, flow, arousal of interest, evaluation. For this research of experiment, 2 groups of subjects composed of 101 university students were exposed to 2 different video clips of TV documentary, one with background music, the other without it, After this experiment, Questions which were designed to measure audience's recall memory, flow, arousal of interest, evaluation were asked and analysed. This research found that background music of TV documentary increased audience's flow, degree of interest and raised evaluation, However meaningful effect of background music on audience's recall memory was not found.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

DS-CDMA system has very low bandwidth efficiency, hence it is difficult to maintain high spreading gain for high speed data transmission. Offset stacked spreading CDMA(OSS-CDMA) is a transmission scheme where spreading codes with chip offsets are overlapped, then transmitted. This kind of system requires a code set that guarantees orthogonality between codes in the set of any cjip offset. An orthogonal complementary code set has a property that the crosscorrelation function between codes in the group is zero for all shifts, hence it can be used for an OSS-CDMA system. In an OCC-OSS CDMA system each user is assigned an orthogonal complementary code group. User data bit is spread by the given codes and overlapped, and the code sequences are transmitted with multicarrier. However, the offset stacked spread sequences are multilevel, and the number of symbol levels is increases as the spreading efficiency is increased. When the OSS sequence is transmitted with MPSK mapping, the signal constellation becomes dense, and the system is easily affected by channel impairments. In this paper, we propose a level clipping scheme on OSS sequence before MPSK modulated. Simulations have been carried out to investigate the BER performance of the OCC-OSS CDMA system in AWGN environment. The results show that proposed scheme outperform the scheme without level clipping.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.17-26
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• 2015

Firms that have adopted internet technology have been confused by distorted market signals. It is natural to look at marketplace outcomes for guidance, when confronted with a new business phenomenon. However, market signals can be unreliable in the early states of any important new information technology. New technologies trigger rampant experimentation, and the experimentation is often unsustainable. As a result, market behavior is distorted and must be interpreted cautiously. In Chapter 1, we review a concept of business model and roles of strategies in a business model. In Chapter 2, we discuss a strategic auditing method for analyzing market/channel positioning, product/service positioning, value chain/value network positioning and external environmental factors. In chapter 3, we introduces major frameworks for understanding factors forming strategies. The strategic grid model categorizes four quadrants depending on the level of impacts of information technology on operation and strategy. The strategic alignment model presents a new method of assessing an alignment of information technology and business throughout all elements of a business model. In this research, we review the concept of a business model. This research introduces factors that shape strategies and new frameworks for understanding these factors. The research objective of this manuscript is to present a guidance for firms how to use information technology for attaining sustainable competitive advantages.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.69-78
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• 2017

Shannon of the 5G smartphone and Fourier of the signal processing meet in the sampling theorem (2 times the highest frequency 1). In this paper, the initial Shannon Theorem finds the Shannon capacity at the point-to-point, but the 5G shows on the Relay channel that the technology has evolved into Multi Point MIMO. Fourier transforms are signal processing with fixed parameters. We analyzed the performance by proposing a 2N-1 multivariate Fourier-Jacket transform in the multimedia age. In this study, the authors tackle this signal processing complexity issue by proposing a Jacket-based fast method for reducing the precoding/decoding complexity in terms of time computation. Jacket transforms have shown to find applications in signal processing and coding theory. Jacket transforms are defined to be $n{\times}n$ matrices $A=(a_{jk})$ over a field F with the property $AA^{\dot{+}}=nl_n$, where $A^{\dot{+}}$ is the transpose matrix of the element-wise inverse of A, that is, $A^{\dot{+}}=(a^{-1}_{kj})$, which generalise Hadamard transforms and centre weighted Hadamard transforms. In particular, exploiting the Jacket transform properties, the authors propose a new eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) method with application in precoding and decoding of distributive multi-input multi-output channels in relay-based DF cooperative wireless networks in which the transmission is based on using single-symbol decodable space-time block codes. The authors show that the proposed Jacket-based method of EVD has significant reduction in its computational time as compared to the conventional-based EVD method. Performance in terms of computational time reduction is evaluated quantitatively through mathematical analysis and numerical results.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.115-121
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• 2013

This paper related with the DSE-MMA (Dithered Sign-Error MMA) that is the simplification of computational arithmetic number in blind equalization algorithm in order to compensates the intersymbol interference which occurs the passing the nonlinear communication channel in the presence of the band limit and phase distortion. The SE-MMA algorithm has a merit of H/W implementation for the possible to reduction of computational arithmetic number using the 1 bit quantizer in stead of multiplication in the updating the equalizer tap weight. But it degradates the overall blind equalization algorithm performance by the information loss at the quantization process compare to the MMA. The DSE-MMA which implements the dithered signed-error concepts by using the dither signal before qualtization are added to MMA, then the improved SNR performance which represents the roburstness of equalization algorithm are obtained. It has a concurrently compensation capability of the amplitude and phase distortion due to intersymbol interference like as the SE-MMA and MMA algorithm. The paper uses the equalizer output signal, residual isi, MD, MSE learning curve and SER curve for the performance index of blind equalization algorithm, and the computer simulation were performed in order to compare the SE-MMA and DSE-MMA applying the same performance index. As a result of simulation, the DSE-MMA can improving the roburstness and the value of every performance index after steady state than the SE-MMA, and confirmed that the DSE-MMA has slow convergence speed which meaning the reaching the seady state from initial state of adaptive equalization filter.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.79-84
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• 2018

This paper relates with the performance improvement of SE-MMA (Signed Error-Multiple Modulus Algorithm) adaptive equalization algorithm that is used for the reduction of the intersymbol interference due to the distortion which occurs in the communication channel for the transmission of 16-QAM nonconstant modulus signal.. In the conventional MMA, the fixed modulus value that is second order statistics of transmitting signal were used, and the SE-MMA was introduced in order to the simplification of the algorithm's arithmetic operation. The SE-MMA have a fast convergence speed than MMA, but it has a problem of degradation of equalization performance in the steady state due to the arithmetic simplification. In this paper, we propose the new algorithm AV-SE-MMA (Adaptively Varying-SE-MMA) that uses the adaptive varying modulus in order to obtain the error signal for updating the adaptive equalizer coefficient, and its equalization performance were confirmed by simulation. In this paper, the performance of SE-MMA and proposed algorithm were compared, and the equalizer output signal constellation, residual isi, MSE and SER in order to confirm the robustness of noise were used as performace index. As a result of performance comparison, the AV-SE-MMA has better performance in output signal constellation, residual isi and MD compared to the SE-MMA, but it was confirmed that the AV-SE-MMA has similar in the SER performance that means the robustness to the noise.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 2018

In this paper, we present a robust beamforming design to tackle the weighted sum-rate maximization (WSRM) problem in a multicell multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) - non-orthogonal multipleaccess (NOMA) downlink system for 5G wireless communications. This work consider the imperfectchannel state information (CSI) at the base station (BS) by adding uncertainties to channel estimation matrices as the worst-case model i.e., singular value uncertainty model (SVUM). With this observation, the WSRM problem is formulated subject to the transmit power constraints at the BS. The objective problem is known as on-deterministic polynomial (NP) problem which is difficult to solve. We propose an robust beam forming design which establishes on majorization minimization (MM) technique to find the optimal transmit beam forming matrix, as well as efficiently solve the objective problem. In addition, we also propose a joint user clustering and power allocation (JUCPA) algorithm in which the best user pair is selected as a cluster to attain a higher sum-rate. Extensive numerical results are provided to show that the proposed robust beamforming design together with the proposed JUCPA algorithm significantly increases the performance in term of sum-rate as compared with the existing NOMA schemes and the conventional orthogonal multiple access (OMA) scheme.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.77
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• pp.36-72
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• 2016

Comprehensive Cable TV Channels(CCCs) has been established as a political product around 5 years ago, and it's influence and position on the broadcasting field are keep increasing. CCC's stabilization is based on flooding the market with journalism. The repeating news and current affairs programs are appearing constantly in the afternoon which is CCC's primetime. The current affairs talk shows are a product of CCC's representative program type and it leads unique CCC style journalism. The guests of the current affairs talk show leading the program with critiques(comments) and discussions about political issues. The purpose of this study is to explore how these guests of the current affairs talk shows conceptually positioned as political mediating elites and same time to explore the television political landscape through the representative current affairs talk shows from TV chosun, Channel A, MBN, JTBC which are present by these political elites. This study wants to find out about that television political effects from CCCs which exemplified into certain directions by these political mediating elites saying their political biases and expresses their feelings drastically that causes high ratings and brings people's attention. The guests who called political mediating elites in this study are mostly considered to be extreme rightist, conservatives, conservative-centrist and they have close relationship with certain political party or political group. The political mediating elites gain the popularities and have great influence on the public from performing the television politics through CCCs' current affairs talk shows and use that to make political exchange connections with political groups. Therefore this study wants to point out that CCCs' current affairs talk shows are situated in political rally, exchange connection, so current affairs talk shows are existing only for political battle field.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39C no.4
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• pp.362-369
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• 2014

A railway SCADA system is a control systems that provide the trains with the electricity. A railway SCADA system sends commands to the RTUs(remote terminal unit) and then it gathers status information of the field devices in the RTUs or controls field devices connected with the RTUs. The RTU can controls input output modules directly, gathers the status information of the field devices connected with it, and send the information to the control center. In this way, a railway SCADA system monitors and controls the electricity power for running trains. The cyber attackers may use some vulnerabilities in the railway SCADA system software to attack critical infrastructures. The vulnerabilities might be created in the railway software development process. Therefore it need to detect and remove the vulnerabilities in the control system. In this paper we propose a new control protocol fuzzing method to detect the vulnerabilities in the DNP3 protocol based application running on VxWorks in RTU(Remote Terminal Unit) that is a component of the centralized traffic control system for railway. Debug-channel based fuzzing method is required to obtain process status information from the VxWorks.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.46 no.11
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• pp.8-15
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• 2009

Side-channel attacks including the differential power analysis attack are often more powerful than classical cryptanalysis and have to be seriously considered by cryptographic algorithm's implementers. Various countermeasures have been proposed against such attacks. In this paper, we deal with the masking method, which is known to be a very effective countermeasure against the differential power analysis attack and propose new gate-level conversion methods between Boolean and arithmetic masks. The new methods require only 6n-5 XOR and 2n-2 AND gates with 3n-2 gate delay for converting n-bit masks. The basic idea of the proposed methods is that the carry and the sum bits in the ripple adder are manipulated in a way that the adversary cannot detect the relation between these bits and the original raw data. Since the proposed methods use only bitwise operations, they are especially useful for DPA-securely implementing cryptographic algorithms in hardware which use both Boolean and arithmetic operations. For example, we applied them to securely implement the block encryption algorithm SEED in hardware and present its detailed implementation result.