• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.494-504
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• 2006

It is well known that the two-parameter $J-A_2$ solution can well characterize the crack-tip fields and quantify the crack-tip constraint for different flawed geometries in variety of loading conditions. However, this solution fails to do so for bending dominated specimens or geometries at large deformation because of the influence of significant global bending stress on the crack-tip field. To solve this issue, a modified $J-A_2$ solution is developed in this paper by introducing an additional term to address the global bending influence. Using the $J_2$ flow theory of plasticity and within the small-strain framework detailed finite element analyses are carried out for the single edge notched bend (SENB) specimen with a deep crack in A533B steel at different deformation levels ranging from small-scale Yielding to large-scale Yielding conditions. The numerical results of the crack-tip stress field are then compared with those determined from the $J-A_2$ solution and from the modified $J-A_2$ solution at the same level of applied loading Results indicate that the modified $J-A_2$ solution largely improves the $J-A_2$ solution, and match very well with the numerical results in the region of interest at all deformation levels. Therefore, the proposed solution can effectively describe the crack-tip field and the constraint for bending dominated specimens or geometries.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.83-95
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• 1995

Given a closed subset of the family $S^{*}(\alpha)$ of functions starlike of order $\alpha$, a continuous Frechet differentiable functional J, is constructed with this collection as the solution set to the extremal problem ReJ(f) over $S^{*}(\alpha)$. The support points of $S^{*}(\alpha)$ is completely characterized and shown to coincide with the extreme points of its convex hulls. Given any finite collection of support points of $S^{*}(\alpha)$ a continuous linear functional J, is constructed with this collection as the solution set to the extremal problem ReJ(f) over $S^{*}(\alpha)$.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.488-503
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• 1999

The present paper considers the constraint effect on J-R curves under the two-parameter $J-A_2$ controlled crack growth within a certain amount of crack extension. Since the parameter $A_2$ in $J-A_2$ three-term solution is independent of applied loading under fully plasticity or large-scale defor-mation $A_2$ is a proper constraint parameter uring crack extension. Both J and $A_2$ are used to char-acterize the resistance curves of ductile crack growth using J as the loading level and $A_2$ are used to char-acterize the resistance curves of ductile crack growth using J as the loading level and A2 as a con-straint parameter. Approach of the constraint-corrected J-R curve is proposed and a procedure of transferring the J-R curves determined from standard ASTM procedure to non-standard speci-mens or real cracked structures is outlined. The test data(e.g. initiation toughness JIC and tearing modulus $T_R$) of Joyce and Link(Engineer-ing Fracture Mechanics 1997, 57(4) : 431-446) for single-edge notched bend[SENB] specimen with from shallow to deep cracks is employed to demonstrate the efficiency of the present approach. The variation of $J_{IC}$ and $T_R$ with the constraint parameter $A_2$ is obtained and a con-straint-corrected J-R curves is constructed for the test material of HY80 steel. Comparisons show that the predicted J-R curves can very well match with the experimental data for both deep and shallow cracked specimens over a reasonably large amount of crack extension. Finally the present constraint-corrected J-R curve is used to predict the crack growth resistance curves for different fracture specimens. over a reasonably large amount of crack extension. Finally the present constraint-corrected J-R curve is used to predict the crack growth resistance curves for different fracture specimens. The constraint effects of specimen types and specimen sizes on the J-R curves can be easily obtained from the constrain-corrected J-R curves.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.152-157
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• 2006

New precursor solution with dichloroacetic acid (DCA) was developed for fabricating high $J_c$ REBCO film. DCA based-precursor solution was coated on $LaAlO_3$(001) substrate by dip coating method. Processing parameters such as oxygen partial pressure, water vapor, ramping rate and pyrolysis temperature were controlled in order to obtain a good epitaxial film. The film with thickness of 0.5 micrometer was obtained by single coating and no crack was observed at calcined films. Oxygen partial pressure was controlled in the range of $100{\sim}1,000$ ppm and conversion heat treatment was carried out at the temperature range of $705-765^{\circ}C$. A critical transition temperature ($T_c$) of 90 K and a critical transport current density ($J_c$) of $>0.5\;MA/cm^2$ (77 K and self-field) were obtained for the GdBCO film. It is thought that fluorine-free MOD solution using DCA is promising precursor solution for fabricating high quality REBCO films.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.328-338
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• 1990

The objective of this study was to develop automatic systems of nutrient solution management for optimal nutrient solution environment and labor saving in water culture which enables factory crop production. In this study, an automatic control system and its driving program are developed to prepare, supply, and recover nutrient solution and to keep the optimal solution concentration level using microcomputers. Based on this study, the following conclusions are obtained: 1. The concentration measured by the system using oscillating circuit designed and built in this study, gave good agreements with the actual nutrient solution. 2. In water culture, the period of 12 hours for measuring concentration, pH, and temperature of the nutrient solution was optimum. Addition of control solution due to the decrease of the nutrient solution concentration is required in every 3 to 5 days. 3. It is estimated that the period of the whole solution change is 15 days, however, further research is needed to assure it. In addition, this period must be shortened in the future. 4. Both the hardware and software of the developed optimal nutrient solution control system in the water culture are working very well, however, it is necessary to develop a more economical one-chip micro controller to substitute for the microcomputer.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.191-199
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• 2008

We investigate the relation between the vector variable bi-additive functional equation $f(\sum\limits^n_{i=1} xi,\;\sum\limits^n_{i=1} yj)={\sum\limits^n_{i=1}\sum\limits^n_ {j=1}f(x_i,y_j)$ and the multi-variable quadratic functional equation $$g(\sum\limits^n_{i=1}xi)\;+\;\sum\limits_{1{\leq}i<j{\leq}n}\;g(x_i-x_j)=n\sum\limits^n_{i=1}\;g(x_i)$$. Furthermore, we find out the general solution of the above two functional equations.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제8권11호
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• pp.79-83
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• 1985

This paper is to develop four heuristic algorithms for $n/m/D/F/F_{max}$. A study present numerical example for (H1) algorithm. Among the sequence generated, the best sequence is J2, J1, J6, J7, J4, J3, J5 and makespan is 528. The optimal makespan of this numerical example can be found as 528 as also, and the worst value of heuristic solution is only 7.2 % away from it.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.150-156
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• 2008

The effects of austenitizing temperature in a range of $1000{\sim}1150^{\circ}C$ on the corrosion resistance in 420J2 stainless steel tempered at $150^{\circ}C$ were investigated by an electrochemical uniform corrosion test in a solution of 0.5M $H_2S0_4$. Pitting test and DL-EPR test for intergranular corrosion were carried out in a solution of 3.5% NaCl and 0.5M $H_2S0_4$ + 0.01 M KSCN respectively. In uniform corrosion test, specimens austenitized below $1100^{\circ}C$ showed similar corrosion current density and passive current density, whereas specimens austenitized at $1150^{\circ}C$ showed a little higher values. Pitting potential slightly increased with an increase of austenitizing temperature. The degree of sensitization, DOS, also slightly increased with an increase of austenitizing temperature, reaching the highest degree at $1150^{\circ}C$. It was expected that the increase of DOS was due to the larger grain size rather than the dissolved precipitates in the matrix.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.145-152
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• 2009

SGBEM(Symmetric Galerkin Boundary Element Method)-FEM alternating method has been proposed by Nikishkov, Park and Atluri. In the proposed method, arbitrarily shaped three-dimensional crack problems can be solved by alternating between the crack solution in an infinite body and the finite element solution without a crack. In the previous study, the SGBEM-FEM alternating method was extended further in order to solve elastic-plastic crack problems and to obtain elastic-plastic stress fields. For the elastic-plastic analysis the algorithm developed by Nikishkov et al. is used after modification. In the algorithm, the initial stress method is used to obtain elastic-plastic stress and strain fields. In this paper, elastic-plastic J integrals for three-dimensional cracks are obtained using the method. For that purpose, accurate values of displacement gradients and stresses are necessary on an integration path. In order to improve the accuracy of stress near crack surfaces, coordinate transformation and partitioning of integration domain are used. The coordinate transformation produces a transformation Jacobian, which cancels the singularity of the integrand. Using the developed program, simple three-dimensional crack problems are solved and elastic and elastic-plastic J integrals are obtained. The obtained J integrals are compared with the values obtained using a handbook solution. It is noted that J integrals obtained from the alternating method are close to the values from the handbook.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집 광주전남지부
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• pp.107-108
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• 2006

High $J_c$ $YBa_2Cu_3O_x$, superconducting films were fabricated by MOD method using fluorine-free dichloroacetic acid(DCA) as chelating solvent for preparing precursor solution. DCA-MOD precursor solution was coated on a single crystal (001) $LaAlO_3$(LAO) substrate by a dip coating method with a speed of 25 mm/min. Coated films were calcined at lower temperature up to $500^{\circ}C$ and Conversion heat treatment was performed at various temperatures of $780{\sim}810^{\circ}C$. SEM observations showed that films have very dense microstructures for the films prepared at the temperature higher than $800^{\circ}C$ regardless of diluting solvent; methanol or 2-methoxyethanol. A High critical current density ($J_c$) of 1.28 $MA/cm^2$ (@77 K and self-field) was obtained for the YBCO film prepared using 2-methoxyethanol as a solvent.