• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.173-178
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• 2007

Background: We studied the role for expression of CD40 and CD40L by CD4 and CD8 T cells in the generation of CD8 T cell response to minor histocompatibility antigen, H60. H60 is a cellular antigen to which CD8 responses require CD4 T cell help. Methods: CD40- or CD40L-deficient mice were adoptively transferred with normal CD4 or CD8 T cells or with memory CD4 or CD8 T cells, and were immunized with male H60 congenic splenocytes to induce CD8 T cell response to H60. Peripheral blood CD8 T cell from the immunized mice were stained with the H60 tetramer. Results: CD8 T cell response to H60 was not induced in both CD40- and CD40L-deficient mice. Adoptive transfer of $CD40^{+/+}$ CD8 T cells into CD40-deficient mice did not compensate the defect in inducing CD8 T cell response to H60, while the H60-specific CD8 T cells were activated in the CD40-deficient mice that were adoptively transferred with $CD40^{+/+}$ CD4 T cells. Adoptive transfer of $CD40L^{+/+}$ CD4 T cells into CD40L-deficient mice induced primary CD8 T cell response for H60 and the presence of $CD40L^{+/+}$ CD4 T cells was required even for memory CD8 T cells response to H60. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the CD40-CD40L interaction mediates the delivery of CD4 T cell help to naive and memory H60-specific CD8 T cells. While the expression of CD40L by CD4 T cells is essential, signaling through CD40 on CD8 T cells is not required for the induction of CD8 T cell response to H60.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 1985

Let H be an arbitrary complex Hilbert space. We constructed an extension K of H by means of weakly convergent sequences in H and the Banach limit. Let .phi. be the faithful *-representation of L(H) on K. In this note, we investigated the relations between spectra of T in L(H) and .phi.(T) in L(K) and we obtained the following results: 1) If T is a compact operator on H, then .phi.(T) is also a compact operator on K (Proposition 6), 2) .sigma.$_{l}$ (.phi.(T)).contnd..sigma.$_{l}$ (T) for any operator T.mem.L(H) (Corollary 10), 3) For every operator T.mem.L(H), .sigma.$_{ap}$ (.phi.(T))=.sigma.$_{ap}$ (T))=.sigma.$_{ap}$ (T)=.sigma.$_{p}$(.phi.(T)) (Lemma 12, 13) and .sigma.$_{c}$(.phi.(T))=.sigma.(Theorem 15).15).

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.1075-1087
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• 2008

We study a class of KMS-symmetric quantum Markovian semigroups on a quantum spin system ($\mathcal{A},{\tau},{\omega}$), where $\mathcal{A}$ is a quasi-local algebra, $\tau$ is a strongly continuous one parameter group of *-automorphisms of $\mathcal{A}$ and $\omega$ is a Gibbs state on $\mathcal{A}$. The semigroups can be considered as the extension of semi groups on the nontrivial abelian subalgebra. Let $\mathcal{H}$ be a Hilbert space corresponding to the GNS representation con structed from $\omega$. Using the general construction method of Dirichlet form developed in [8], we construct the symmetric Markovian semigroup $\{T_t\}{_t_\geq_0}$ on $\mathcal{H}$. The semigroup $\{T_t\}{_t_\geq_0}$ acts separately on two subspaces $\mathcal{H}_d$ and $\mathcal{H}_{od}$ of $\mathcal{H}$, where $\mathcal{H}_d$ is the diagonal subspace and $\mathcal{H}_{od}$ is the off-diagonal subspace, $\mathcal{H}=\mathcal{H}_d\;{\bigoplus}\;\mathcal{H}_{od}$. The restriction of the semigroup $\{T_t\}{_t_\geq_0}$ on $\mathcal{H}_d$ is Glauber dynamics, and for any ${\eta}{\in}\mathcal{H}_{od}$, $T_t{\eta}$, decays to zero exponentially fast as t approaches to the infinity.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.111-131
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• 2013

This study describes the meaning of and the formula for Kor-$h_T$, which is a modified index built on the tapered h-index by applying 'the ranking according to the number of citations of journals'. This study evaluated the de-duplication rate of index values of Kor-$h_T$ and analyzed the change in the correlation between the index values and evaluation elements using the Korea Citation Index data from 2008 to 2010. Kor-$h_T$ is compared with h-index, tapered h-index, and IF. As a result, Kor-$h_T$ appeared to be superior to other indexes on de-duplication rate. It is also shown that there is a very strong positive correlation between the evaluation elements, the number of citations and the number of articles of journals, and the index values of Kor-$h_T$.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.91-95
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• 1995

Let H be an arbitrary complex Hilbert space and let (equation omitted)(H) be the *-algebra of all bounded linear operators on H. An operator T in (equation omitted)(H) is called normal if T$\^$＊/T = TT$\^$＊/, hyponormal if T$\^$＊/T $\geq$ TT$\^$＊/, and quasi-hyponormal if T$\^$＊/(T$\^$＊/T － TT$\^$＊/)A $\geq$ 0, or equivalently ∥T$\^$＊/T$\chi$∥ $\leq$ ∥TT$\chi$∥ for all $\chi$ in H.(omitted)

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.265-291
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• 2012

In this paper, we consider the regularity theory and the existence of smooth solution of a degenerate fully nonlinear equation describing the evolution of the rolling stones with nonconvex sides: $\{M(h)=h_t-F(t,z,z^{\alpha}h_{zz})\;in\;\{0<z{\leq}1\}{\times}[0,T] \\ h_t(z,t)=H(h_z(z,t),h)\;{on}\;\{z=0\}$. We establish the Schauder theory for $C^{2,{\alpha}}$-regularity of h.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.723-736
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• 2016

This paper shows that the solutions to nonlinear perturbed differential system $$y^{\prime}= f(t,y)+{\int_{t_{0}}^{t}g(s,y(s))ds+h(t,y(t),Ty(t))$$ have bounded properties. To show the bounded properties, we impose conditions on the perturbed part ${\int_{t_{0}}^{t}g(s,y(s))ds,\;h(t, y(t),\;Ty(t))$, and on the fundamental matrix of the unperturbed system y' = f(t, y) using the notion of h-stability.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.207-213
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• 1990

Natural convection heat transfer in rectangular air enclosure was studied interferometrically and numerically for the use of adiabatic and constant temperature horizontal boundary conditions. In the isothermal horizontal boundary case with the temperature difference ratio, .DELTA. $T_{v/}$.DELTA. $T_{H}$ .simeq. 1 temperature distribution in the enclosure is strongly stratified and the average Nusselt Number is higher than that of adiabatic horizontal boundary case.ase.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.19 no.1_2
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• pp.475-484
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• 2005

Let W(t) be a Wiener path, let $\xi\;:\;[0,\;{\infty})\;\to\;\mathbb{R}$ be a continuous and increasing function satisfying $\xi$(0) > 0, let $$T_{/xi}=inf\{t{\geq}0\;:\;W(t){\geq}\xi(t)\}$$ be the first-passage time of W over $\xi$, and let F denote the distribution function of $T_{\xi}$. Then the first passage problem has a unique continuous solution as following $$F(t)=u(t)+{\sum_{n=1}^\infty}\int_0^t\;H_n(t,s)u(s)ds$$, where $$u(t)=2\Psi(\xi(t)/\sqrt{t})\;and\;H_1(t,s)=d\Phi\;(\{\xi(t)-\xi(s)\}/\sqrt{t-s})/ds\;for\;0\;{\leq}\;s.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.10 no.2 s.23
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• pp.119-132
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• 2007

This study was performed to determine whether a pulse analyzer was useful 1) to characterize the variables of pulse wave of cerebral infarction patieno (CI), compared with those of healthy subjects, as well as 2) to determine Sasang Constitution in CI and healthy subjects. 1. Calibrated in Gwan, the amount of energy(Energy), height of main peak(H1), height of aorticvalley(H2), height of aortic peak(H3), total area of pulse wave(At), and area of main peak width(Aw) of the CI group were higher than those of the healthy group. 2. Calibrated in Cheek, Energy, H1, H2, H3, height of valve valley(H4), At, Aw, and main peak angle(MPA) of the CI group were higher than those of the healthy group. 3. Among the healthy (subjects) group, Taeumin showed the highest contact pressure(CP) and height of valve peak(H5) calibrated in Chon. The main peak width divided by whole time of pulse wave(MPW/T) calibrated in Gwan and Cheok, was highest in Soyangin and was lowest in Taeumin. The H3 divided by H1(H3/H1) and the time to valve valley minus the time to main peak and divided by T[(T4-T1)/T] calibrated in Cheek were highest in Soyangin. The time to main peak(T1) was longest in Soumin. 4. Among the CI group, At calibrated in Chon was widest in Taeumin and was narrowest in Soumin The time to aortic peak(T3) calibrated in Cheek was longest in Soumin and was shortest in Soyangin. The time to valve peak(T5) was shortest in Soyangin. 5. There were main effects of cerebral infarction in the area of systolic period(As) and area of diastolic period(Ad) calibrated in Chon, Energy calibrated in Cwan, and Energy, H1, H2, H3, (H4+H5)/Hl, and MPA calibrated in Cheek. 6. There were main effects of Sasang Constitution in (T4-T1)/T, area of systolic period(As), and Ad calibrated in Chon. 7. The interactions between the cerebral infarction and Sasang Constitution were observed in H5/H1 , T, At, As, Ad, and MPA calibrated in Chon, H4, T4, (T4-T1)/T, As, and Ad calibrated in Cwan, and 74,75, and MPW calibrated in Cheok. Therefore, we concluded that pulse analyzer was useful to determine the risk degree of cerebral infarction and Sasang Constitution.