• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2008

An estimated 1 billion mobile phone were sold globally in the year 2006. In Korea, people watch television 3.17 hours in a day. Television isn't what it used to be. Digital TV provides both interactivity and high definition. Mobile phone also transferred from 2G to 3G or 3.5G. This means the complexity of TV and mobile phone is increased, design of user interface is more difficult. Unlike the personal computer industry, TV and mobile phone industries have no standard user interface. A comparative study for user interface between TV and mobile phone is studied. User, task, system are analyzed in requirement analysis. User interface model and interaction are also analyzed between TV and mobile phone. This study provides some insights for user interface design. First, the UI designer have to consider another products because one user using one product at the same time using another products. Experience for one product affects that for another product. Second, TV and mobile phone show very similar pattern, especially interaction task and input interaction. Third, there are not sometimes optimized experience between service operator and device manufacturer. Cooperative design between them is required.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.261-273
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• 2000

During an extensive review made as part of the Integrated Diagnosis System project of the Maiden Reactor Project, MOAS (Maryland Operator Advisory System) was identified as one of the most thorough systems developed thus far. MOAS is an integrated on-line diagnosis system that encompasses diverse functional aspects that are required for an effective process disturbance management: (1) intelligent process monitoring and alarming, (2) on-line sensor data validation and sensor failure diagnosis, (3) on-line hardware (besides sensors) failure diagnosis, and (4) real-time corrective measure synthesis. The MOAS methodology was used at the Maiden Man-Machine Laboratory HAMMLAB of the OECD Maiden Reactor Project. The performance of MOAS, developed in G2 real-time expert system shell for the high-pressure preheaters of the NORS process in the HAMMLAB, was tested against a variety of transient scenarios, including failures of the control valves and sensors, and tube leakage of the preheaters. These tests showed that MOAS successfully carried out its intended functions, i.e., quickly recognizing an occurring disturbance, correctly diagnosing its cause, and presenting advice on its control to the operator. The lessons learned and insights gained during the implementation and performance tests also are discussed.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.447-458
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study is to present the basic guidelines for preventing human error by measuring and analyzing the risk of collision perceived by the ship operator in the collision risk situation by using Korea Coast Guard patrol ships. Background: In the last 5 years, 97.5% of the causes of ship collision occurred at the sea was caused by human factors. However, the rate of marine accidents due to human error has not been reduced yet. Experiments and researches on the ship operators using the ships in actual operation are rarely performed. Method: Using two K.C.G Ships on the sea, the ship measured by 30 persons who are the subject of the ship (ship operator) when both ships approach and the relative distance gradually decreases in four encounter situations, perceived ship collision risk (PSCR) data were analyzed by statistical analysis. Results: The age and boarding career of the ship operator in the situation of ship collision risks encountered a negative impact on perceived collision risk in all four opposing encounter situations S1 ($000^{\circ}$), S2 ($045^{\circ}$), S3 ($090^{\circ}$) and S4 ($135^{\circ}$) respectively. That is, the higher the age of the ship operator, the lower the perceived risk of collision and the lower the age, the higher the risk of collision. Also, there was a difference between the average of group A (20~30 years) and group B (40~50 years) according to age of the ship operators at $000^{\circ}$, $045^{\circ}$ and $090^{\circ}$ and there was no difference at $135^{\circ}$. The mean difference of the experience of boarding career was also significantly different between group A (less than 4 years) and group B (more than 5 years), but there was no significant difference at $135^{\circ}$. Conclusion: The results showed that age and boarding career of the ship operators had negative impact on perceived collision risk and there was a difference in perceived risk of collision according to age and abundance of boarding career. As a result, by focusing on the ship operators who are in the age group of 20~30 years old and have less than 4 years of experience in boarding the ship. It is expected that the effect of prevention of marine accidents can be expected by avoiding collision avoidance. Application: The results of this study can be used as policy data of related organizations to prevent human error of ship operators and as training data of training institutes.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.693-701
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• 2006

Using Minimax principle and Linking theorem in critical point theory, we prove the existence of two nontrivial solutions for the following second order superlinear difference systems $$(P)\{{\Delta}^2x(k-1)+g(k,y(k))=0,\;k{\in}[1,\;T],\;{\Delta}^2y(k-1)+f(k,\;x(k)=0,\;k{\in}[1,\;T],\;x(0)=y(0)=0,\;x(T+1)=y(T+1)=0$$ where T is a positive integer, [1, T] is the discrete interval {1, 2,..., T}, ${\Delat}x(k)=x(k+1)-x(k)$ is the forward difference operator and ${\Delta}^2x(k)={\Delta}({\Delta}x(k))$.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.18-23
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• 1998

전기장이 충전층내 거대 이온성분자체의 분리를 위한 이론적 인 모델이 수행되었다 충전층내 여과재에서 전기적인 대류속도의 효과는 분자량이 큰 이온성 물질을 분리하기 위해서는 효과적이다. 이유는 전기장하에 거대이온성 분자체는 전기의 방향으로 빠르게 이온성분자체가 곧게 뻗는 현상때문이다. 이러한 분자체의 거동현상은 여과재내에 대류속도가 전기힘과 분자크기에 따라 대류속도가 다르기 나타나기 때문에 이들에 대한 연구는 충전층내에서 분자체를 분리하는데 도움이 된다 본 논문에서 여과재시스템내에서 이론분리는 확산에 대한 대류속도의 비$(Pe_t/Pe_g)$를 이용하여 예측하였으며 본 논문에서 얻어진 결과는 여과시스템을 설계하고 응용하는데 유효하게 적용될 것이며 이론적인 근거는 연산자 이론과 Reptation이론이 적용되였다.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.99-110
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• 2021

In the present paper, we determine new characterisations of the subclasses ����∗��(α, β; γ) and ������(α, β; γ) of analytic functions associated with Pascal distribution series ${\Phi}^m_q(z)=z-{\sum_{n=2}^{\infty}}(^{n+m-2}_{m-1})q^{n-1}(1-q)^mz^n$. Further, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for an integral operator related to Pascal distribution series ${\mathcal{G}}^m_qf(z)={\int_{0}^{z}}{\frac{{\Phi}^m_q(t)}{t}}dt$ to belong to the above classes. Several corollaries and consequences of the main results are also considered.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.239-245
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• 2013

Occupational exposure and risk assessment were conducted to evaluate the safety of operators when insecticide acetamiprid was applied to apple orchard using a speed sprayer. Dermal patches, cotton gloves, socks, and masks were used to monitor the dermal exposure, and personal air pump with solid sorbent was used to measure the potential inhalation exposure. In validation to analytical methods, the limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 0.25 ng and 1 ng, respectively. Good reproducibility (coefficient variation < 4%), linearity (coefficient determination > 0.999), and recovery (85.3-118.2%) were obtained. Trapping efficiency of solid sorbent was 96.4% while breakthrough did not occur. Only hand exposure was measured on the gloves during mixing/loading to give $33-1,132{\mu}g$. Exposure amount of operator 3 among 4 workers was noticeably high. The total volumes of spray liquid for operators were $535-1,235mL{\cdot}h^{-1}$, corresponding to 0.03-0.08% of the applied spray solution. Highest contaminated parts of body were thighs, chest, and lower legs. The inhalation exposure ratio to the total application amount was significantly low. However, wind seemed to affect the inhalation exposure of operator. For risk assessment, margin of safety was calculated by the application of cloth and dermal penetration rate to obtain values of much larger than 1 in all cases. Therefore, health risk of operators during treatment of acetamiprid in apple orchard could be of least possibility.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.805-812
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• 2014

For unit tangent sphere bundles $T_1M$ with the standard contact metric structure (${\eta},\bar{g},{\phi},{\xi}$), we have two fundamental operators that is, $h=\frac{1}{2}{\pounds}_{\xi}{\phi}$ and ${\ell}=\bar{R}({\cdot},{\xi}){\xi}$, where ${\pounds}_{\xi}$ denotes Lie differentiation for the Reeb vector field ${\xi}$ and $\bar{R}$ denotes the Riemmannian curvature tensor of $T_1M$. In this paper, we study the Reeb ow invariancy of the corresponding (0, 2)-tensor fields H and L of h and ${\ell}$, respectively.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 m차 trinomial을 적용한 새로운 GF(2m)상의 승산기법과 그 구현회로를 제안하였다. 제안한 연산기법들을 각각 MR, PP 및 MS라 명칭한 연산모듈로 구현하였고, 이들을 조직화하여 새로운 GF(2/sup m/) 병렬 승산회로를 구성하였다. 제안된 GF(2/sup m/) 승산기의 회로복잡도는 ㎡ 2-입력 AND게이트와 ㎡-1 2-입력 XOR게이트이며, 연산에 소요되는 지연시간은 T/sub A/+(1+[log₂/sup m/])T/sub x/이다. 제안된 연산기의 시스템 복잡도와 구성상의 특징을 타 연산기들과 비교하였고, 그 결과를 표로 정리하여 보였다. 제안된 승산기는 정규화된 모듈구조와 확장성을 가지므로 VLSI 구현에 적합하며, 타 연산회로로의 응용이 용이하다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2000

Le fort II osteotomy is much useful technique to correct the midfacial hypoplasia including nasomaxillary complex especilly in patient with dish face appearance. Not in simple orthognathic surgery but in Le Fort II osteotomy, the standardization of prognostic value is essential in treatment planning to achieve satisfactory postoperative results. According to pervious reports, the ratio of soft tissue change to hard tissue movements varies as to different surgical methods and different facial regions. But there are few report about the ratio of soft tissue change to hard tissue movement following Le Fort II osteotomy. So we tried to develop standarized soft tissue surgical treatment objective. We have followed up 16 patients, who had received Le Fort II osteotomy by one operator from 1990 to 1996, one year postoperatively. In cephalometrics, we used Frankfort line as horizontal reference line, and vertical reference line as one drawn from Sella to horizontal line perpendicularly. The landmarks are G to soft tissue G, N on reference line to soft tissue N, ANS to Pn and A to Sn. The results are as follows. 1. The value of soft tissue change to hard tissue movement showed positive correlation, having statistical significancy at G, N2, N3 point. 2. At G, N2, N3 point, the ratio of soft tissue change to hard tissue movement was 0.51, 0.98 and 0.80 respectively and showed statistical significancy, while at N1, ANS, A point, that was 0.72, 0.49 and 0.26 but didn't showed statistical significance. 3. This result shows much the same change of the soft tissue change to hard tissue movement on the upper nasomaxilla, and less the same change on the lower maxilla and so the Le Fort II osteotomy can be recommended as a reliable effective operation method for correction of nasomaxillary retrusion.