• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.44 no.9
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• pp.34-39
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• 2007

Serial links via backplane channels suffer from severe signal integrity problems which are normally caused by channel imperfections, such as flat loss, frequency-dependent loss, reflection, etc. Particularly, the frequency-dependent loss causes ISI(Inter-Symbol-Interference) at signal waveforms. Therefore, adaptive equalizing techniques have been exploited in many products to facilitate the ISI problem. In this paper, we present an analog adaptive equalizer circuit designed in a $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS process. It achieves 10Gb/s data transmission through a long 34-inch backplane channel(or transmission line). The post-layout simulations demonstrate $8ps_{p-p}$ jitter with 10mW power dissipation. The core of the adaptive equalizer occupies the area of $0.56mm^2$.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 2000

This study was conducted to estimate the general production performance, heritabilities, and genetic phenotypic correlations on several economic traits by multiple trait animal model in Korean native chicken. The data were collected from the records of 5,192 pullets produced from 2,029 dams and 250 sires in Daejon Branch, National Livestock Research Institute from April 10. 1994 to February 10. 1997. Body weights of Red Brown (RB), Yellow Brown (YB), Grey Brown (GB) and Black (B) strains were 1,649.9, 1,439.6, 1,455.6 and 1,575.3g at age of 150 days and 1,923.5, 1,689.6, 1,812.4 and 1,924.0g at age of 270 days, respectively. The ranges of coefficient of variation for body weight were 11.52 to 14.02 at age of 150 days and 12.82 to 14.59% at age of 270 days, respectively. The first eggs of RB, YB, GB and B strains were produced at 147.4, 146.5, 151.1 and 152.1 days, respectively and the coefficients of variation were 7.80 to 8.41%. Egg weight at 270 days were 49.7, 47.6, 48.8 and 48.7 g for RB, YB, GB nd B strains, and coefficients of variation were 6.99 to 7.94% . The number of eggs at age of 270days were 75.8, 78.0, 76.7 and 68.8 for RB, YB, GB and B strains, respectively, and coefficient of variations were 23.87 to 29.89%. On heritability estimates in RB, YB, GB and strains body weight were 0.40, 0.10, 0.09 and 0.57 for RB, YB, GB and B strains at age of 150 days, and 0.23, 0.09, 0.38 and 0.24 at age of 270 days were 0.39, 0.47, 0.60 and 0.62, and egg weights at 270 days and age at 1st egg were 0.36, 0.12, 0.38 and 0.26, number of egg production at 270 days were 0.44, 0.36, 0.58 and 0.49, respectively. The genetic correlation coefficients of body weight with the age of first egg, egg weight and number of egg production at 270days were -0.07∼0.67, -0.24∼0.70 and 0.12∼0.41, respectively ; age of first egg with number of egg production at 270days and egg weight were -0.75∼0.91 and 0.34∼0.97 ; and egg weight with number of egg production at 270days were 0.18∼0.68. The phenotypic correlation coefficients of body weight with at age of first egg, egg weight and number of egg production at 270days were -0.01∼0.74, -0.04∼0.72 and 0.25∼0.57 ; age of first egg with number of egg production at 270days and egg weight were 0.26∼0.52 and 0.52∼0.92, respectively ; and egg weight with number of egg production at 270days were 0.34∼0.91.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.132-141
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• 2022

Objectives : Some acupoints are commonly utilized to treat a variety of diseases. The acupoints appear to have a wide range of effects caused by several mechanisms. The purpose of this study is to investigate into the potential role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the multipotent effects of individual acupoint stimulation. Methods : We examined the miRNA expressions in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of neuropathic or inflammatory pain rats following ST36 and GB34 electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation. Neuropathic pain was induced by L5 spinal nerve ligation. Inflammatory pain was induced by knee joint injection of Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). EA was given under gaseous anesthesia with the same parameters (1mA, 2Hz, 30 min) in 5 consecutive days. Pain behaviors and miRNA expressions were analyzed. Results : In rats with neuropathic and inflammatory pain, EA treatments significantly enhanced the paw withdrawal threshold and weight-bearing force. After nerve injury, 36 miRNAs were upregulated in the DRG of neuropathic rats, while EA downregulated 10 of them. Furthermore, 14 miRNAs were downregulated following nerve damage, while one was increased by EA. 15 miRNAs were increased in the DRG of inflammatory rats following CFA injection, while 5 were downregulated by EA. Furthermore, 17 miRNAs were downregulated following CFA injection, while 7 were increased by EA. The miRNAs rno-miR-335, rno-miR-381-5p, rno-miR-1306-3p, and rno-miR-1839-3p were regulated by EA in both models. Conclusions : In two pain models, EA applied to ST36 and GB34 regulated miRNA expression differently. There appeared to be both acupoint-specific and non-specific miRNAs, and miRNA regulation of differential protein expression may modulate a variety of EA mechanisms.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.441-452
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• 2012

Objectives : As the attempts to make good uses of laser acupuncture in korean medicine have been steadily carried on, to ensure the safety is needed to increase the use of laser acupuncture. The aim of this study was to examine the safety of using laser acupuncture therapy irradiated with 830 nm laser and 905 nm laser. Methods : Fifteen rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups - Intact ; no therapy group. LAT830 ; laser acupuncture therapy(830 nm) group at GB34 GB39. LAT905 ; laser acupuncture therapy(905 nm) group at GB34 GB39. During eight weeks of treatment, LAT830, LAT905 were treated 2 times weekly, frequency 20 Hz, intensity 20 mW. Test items were mortality, body weight, food consumptions, hematological values, blood chemical values, urinalysis values, absolute organ weights and relative organ weights. Results : Statistically significant differences were not found among 3 groups. The values measured in LAT830, LAT905 and Intact(no therapy) group have shown similar results and it indicated that LAT830, LAT905 had no abnormal influence on the reaction of living bodies. There was little difference on the liver weight of relative organ weight test between laser-treated groups(LAT830, LAT905) and Intact group. Conclusions : In conclusion, laser acupuncture therapies irradiated with 830 nm laser and 905 nm laser caused no abnormal reaction of living bodies. More studies are needed to further establish the safety of many other laser acupuncture therapies.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2015

Purpose : This research was conducted to investigate the effect of sweet bee venom pharmacopuncture and low level laser acupuncture on paw edema, pain index, anti-inflammatory factor, AST, ALT and complete blood cell count of a rat model with Complete Freund's Adjuvant-induced arthritis. Methods : Five experimental groups were formed with each consisting of six rats: normal group, control group, sweet bee venom pharmacopuncture group, lower level laser acupuncture group, and sweet bee venom pharmacopuncture, lower level laser acupuncture group. The experimental model of arthritis was induced by two injections of Freund's adjuvant into the left knee joint of Sprague Dawley(SD) rats. The second injection of Freund's adjuvant was given ten days after the first one. Ten days later, sweet bee venom pharmacopuncture and low level laser acupuncture were administered separately or together by assigned groups at $GB_{34}$ and $GB_{39}$ of rats twice a week for a total of six times. Thereafter, edema rate, pain index, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, interleukin-6, aspartate aminortansferase, alanine aminotransferase and complete blood cell count were measured. Results : We noticed synergic effects of sweet bee venom pharmacopuncture and low level laser acupuncture according to the results of the paw edema and Von Frey pain index. The sweet bee venom pharmacopuncture(BVA) and sweet bee venom pharmacopuncture+ low level laser acupuncture(BVA+LLA) groups experienced a more significant effect when compared with the control group. Conclusions : These results suggest that Sweet Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture and low level laser acupuncture at GB34 and GB39 have a significant anti-inflammatory effect on Freund's adjuvant arthritis in rats.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.151-161
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• 2021

Objectives : The effects of a combined stimulation of 658 nm, 830 nm, 904 nm, and 1064 nm laser acupuncture treatment (LAT) and electroacupuncture treatment (EAT) on GB39 and GB34 on neuropathic pain in rats induced by tibial and sural nerve transection were studied in this paper. Methods : To express a neuropathic pain model, surgery was performed to transection rats' tibial and sural nerves. The rats were divided into normal group, control group, and experimental groups. In addition, the experimental groups were divided into 658 nm laser and electroacupuncture (LAT658+EAT), 830 nm laser and electroacupuncture (LAT830+EAT), 904 nm laser and electroacupuncture (LAT904+EAT), and 1064 nm laser and electroacupuncture (LAT830+EAT). For the treatment of the experimental groups, electroacupuncture and different laser wavelengths were alternately applied to GB34 and GB39 twice a week for 3 weeks for 1 minute 30 seconds. The withdrawal response of neuropathic rats' legs by acetone stimulation was observed, as well as the c-Fos in the central gray region in the midbrain of neuropathic rats together with Bax, Bcl2, and mGluR5 expressions associated with apoptosis. Results : Compared with the control group, a significant decrease in the frequency of paw withdrawal in response to acetone allodynia was observed in LAT658+EAT and LAT830+EAT groups in 6th times, LAT904+EAT group in 2^nd, 3^rd, and 6^th times, and LAT1064+EAT group in 2^nd and 6^th times, respectively. For c-fos positive cells in the central gray region, a significant decrease was observed in LAT830+EAT, LAT904+EAT, and LAT1064+EAT groups in comparison with the control group. In Bax expression, LAT1064+EAT group showed a significant decrease compared to the control group. In Bcl-2 expression, the LAT658+EAT,the LAT904+EAT, and the LAT1064+EAT groups increased significantly compared to the control group. LAT830+EAT, LAT904+EAT, and LAT1064+EAT groups showed significantly increased mGlu5 expression compared to the control group. Conclusions : The combination of laser for each wavelength and electroacupuncture alternately performed in this study is thought to be effective in improving neuropathic pain and apoptosis.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.717-731
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this research is to investigate clinical studies of essential tremor in China. Methods: We investigated clinical studies of Traditional Chinese Medicine therapies in traditional Chinese medical journals for essential tremor through the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database. In total, 15 clinical articles were analyzed. This study examined the authors; published years; types of study; treatment methods for the treatment and control groups; periods; outcome assessment; and results. Results: Nine articles used acupuncture, 6 articles used herbal therapy. The most commonly used acupoints were GV20, GB20, LR3, LI4, GB34, SP6, and EX-HN1. The most commonly used herbs were Paeoniae Radix Alba, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Gastrodiae Rhizome and Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus. Total effective rate was 66.67-96.7%; the treatment group values were significantly higher than the control group values in all papers. Tremor score, HAMD, curative effect of TCM syndrome, and incidence of adverse effects were significantly more affected in the treatment group than in the control group. Conclusion: More active clinical studies are needed on essential tremor, and the results of this study can be used as a basis for future research.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.215-228
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• 1997

Extrapyramidal movement disorders are divided descriptively into hypokinesias(such as parkinsonism), characterized by poverty and slowness of movement : hyperkinesias(such as chorea, athetosis, dystonia, ballism, etc.), manifested by abnormal involuntary movement. Chorea refers to widespread arrythythmic movements of a forcible, rapid, jerky, restless type Choreic movements are noted for their irregularity and variability. They are generally continuous, may be simple or quite elaborate, and affect any part of the body. Dystonla refers to abnormally increased muscular tone that causes fixed abnormal postures. Some patients with dystonia also have shifting postures, resulting from irregular, forceful twisting movement that affect trunk and produce bizarre, grotesque movements and positions of the body. The most frequent and familiar type of focal dystonia is spasmodic torticollis. It consists of an involuntary turning of the head to one side - intermittent at first, then gradually worsening to the point of being more or loss continuous. The combination of blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia is sometimes refered to as Meige's syndrome. We report two patients with dystonia and chorea in cerebral infarction at basal ganglia. We have experienced good improvement by the oriental medicine and acupuncture treatment.'rho acupuncture points of LI 4, ST 36, TE 3, GB 34, GB 41, LR 3, GB 39 were used. The therapies of herb-medicine were treated by Zibu-Ganshen(滋補肝腎), Huoxue-Xifeng-Tongluo(活血息風通絡).

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.165-175
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• 2018

Purpose: To report on a patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage and deep vein thrombosis treated with a combination of Korean and Western medicine. Methods: A patient diagnosed with subarachnoid hemorrhage and deep vein thrombosis was treated with herbal medicine (加減淸熱瀉濕湯 (Gagam-cheongyeolsaseub-tang)), acupuncture (GV2, GB20, LI11, LI4, TE5, GB34, ST36, SP9, ST38, GB39, SP6, LR3), moxibustion (CV6, CV9), and Western medicine for deep vein thrombosis and subarachnoid hemorrhage. To evaluate edema, one of the classic symptoms of deep vein thrombosis, we measured leg circumference at a specified time. Results: After taking Gagam-cheongyeolsaseub-tang and being treated with acupuncture, moxibustion, and Western medicine, the patient showed improvement in leg edema. The left calf circumference decreased from 37.5 cm to 34.5 cm. Conclusions: Korean medicine, acupuncture, moxibustion, and Western medicine may provide effective treatment for deep vein thrombosis in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, but further study is needed.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.59-71
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• 2013

Objectives The aim of this review is to figure out which acupoints are frequently used to treat low back pain and which exercises are effective to low back pain. Methods We searched the three electronic database (RISS, KISS, KTKP) and manually checked related Korean journals and reference lists up to June 2013. We investigated the frequency of acupoints for using treatment of low back pain. We Introduce exercise therapies we can do easily at home without professional skills for treatment low back pain. Results We included 72 articles in this study. The most frequently adopted acupoints were BL25, BL23, BL24, GB30, BL40, BL26, BL60, GB34, BL52, BL57, GB39. The most frequently adopted meridian pathways were BL, GB, GV, ST. The most frequently adopted disease causing low back pain were HIVD (Herniated intervertebral disc), Lumbar sprain, Spinal stenosis, Compression fracture, Cauda equina syndrome, Spondylolisthesis, Ankylosing spondylitis. There are many exercise therapies (Lumbar stabilizing exercise, Resistance exercise, Bareunmom physical exercise, Mckenzie exercise, Williams exercise, Emblass exercise, Swiss ball exercise, Thera band exercise, Yoga) for treatment low back pain. Conclusions These results suggest that most frequently adopted acupoints were foot taeyang urinary bladder channel acupoints. Beacuse foot taeyang urinary bladder channel is passes through the waist, it will be effective for treatment of low back pain. Also exercise therapy is effective for enhance Muscular strength. In order to treatment of low back pain, Acupuncture treatment is also important, as well as exercise therapy.