• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.228-232
• /
• 2006

Purpose: electrophilic $^{18}F(T_{1/2}=110\;min)$ radionuclide in the form of $[^{18}F]F_2$ gas is of great significance for labeling radiopharmaceuticals for positron omission tomography (PET). However, its production In high yield and with high specific radioactivity is still a challenge to overcome several problems on targetry. The aim of the present study was to develop a method suitable for the routine production of $[^{18}F]F_2$ for the electrophilic substitution reaction. Materials and Methods: The target was designed water-cooled aluminum target chamber system with a conical bore shape. Production of the elemental fluorine was carried out via the $^{18}O(p,n)^{18}F$ reaction using a two-step irradiation protocol. In the first irradiation, the target filled with highly enriched $^{18}O_2$ was irradiated with protons for $^{18}F$ production, which were adsorbed on the inner surface of target body. In the second irradiation, the mixed gas ($1%[^{19}F]F_2/Ar$) was leaded into the target chamber, fellowing a short irradiation of proton for isotopic exchange between the carrier-fluorine and the radiofluorine absorbed in the target chamber. Optimization of production was performed as the function of irradiation time, the beam current and $^{18}O_2$ loading pressure. Results: Production runs was performed under the following optimum conditions: The 1st irradiation for the nuclear reaction (15.0 bar of 97% enriched $^{18}O_2$, 13.2 MeV protons, 30 ${\mu}A$, 60-90 min irradiation), the recovery of enriched oxygen via cryogenic pumping; The 2nd irradiation for the recovery of absorbed radiofluorine (12.0 bar of 1% $[^{19}F]fluorine/argon$ gas, 13.2 MeV protons, 30 ${\mu}A$, 20-30 min irradiation) the recovery of $[^{18}F]fluorine$ for synthesis. The yield of $[^{18}F]fluorine$ at EOB (end of bombardment) was achieved around $34{\pm}6.0$ GBq (n>10). Conclusion: The production of $^{18}F$ electrophilic agent via $^{18}O(p,n)^{18}F$ reaction was much under investigation. Especially, an aluminum gas target was very advantageous for routine production of $[^{18}F]fluorine$. These results suggest the possibility to use $[^{18}F]F_2$ gas as a electrophilic substitution agent.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
• /
• v.47 no.1
• /
• pp.69-76
• /
• 2007

Let $f$ denote a mapping from an orthogonality space ($\mathcal{X}$, ${\bot}$) into a real Banach space $\mathcal{Y}$. In this paper, we prove the Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability of the orthogonally cubic functional equations $f(2x+y)+f(2x-y)=2f(x+y)+2f(x-y)+12f(x)$ and $f(x+y+2z)+f(x+y-2z)+f(2x)+f(2y)=2f(x+y)+4f(x+z)+4f(x-z)+4f(y+z)+4f(y-z)$, where $x{\bot}y$, $y{\bot}z$, $x{\bot}z$.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.319-328
• /
• 2016

In this paper, we solve the additive ρ-functional inequalities (0.1) ||f(2x-y)+f(y-x)-f(x)|| $\leq$ ||${\rho}(f(x+y)-f(x)-f(y))$||, where ρ is a fixed complex number with |ρ| < 1, and (0.2) ||f(x+y)-f(x)-f(y)|| $\leq$ ||${\rho}(f(2x-y)-f(y-x)-f(x))$||, where ρ is a fixed complex number with |ρ| < $\frac{1}{2}$. Using the direct method, we prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of the additive ρ-functional inequalities (0.1) and (0.2) in β-homogeneous F-spaces.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.243-251
• /
• 2017

In this paper, we solve the additive ${\rho}-functional$ equations (0.1) $f(x+y)+f(x-y)-2f(x)={\rho}(2f(\frac{x+y}{2})+f(x-y)-2f(x))$, and (0.2) $2f(\frac{x+y}{2})+f(x-y)-2f(x)={\rho}(f(x+y)+f(x-y)-2f(x))$, where ${\rho}$ is a fixed (complex) number with ${\rho}{\neq}1$, Using the direct method, we prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of the additive ${\rho}-functional$ equations (0.1) and (0.2) in ${\beta}-homogeneous$ (complex) F-spaces.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.113-124
• /
• 2005

For a Tychonoff space X, C(X) is a Riesz-space. It is well known that C(X) is order-Cauchy complete if and only if X is a quasi~F space and that if X is a compact space and QF(X) is a minimal quasi-F cover of X, then the order- Cauchy completion of C(X) is isomorphic to C(QF(X)). In this paper, we investigate motivations and historical backgrounds of the definition for quasi-spaces and the construction for minimal quasi-F covers.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.226-235
• /
• 1991

This experiment was carried out to obtain the information on the crossability, germination rate, and pollen viability of the progeny from the cross between hexaploid triticale cv. Sinkihomil and five hexaploid wheat varieties. The results are summarized as follows. Seed set was 28.8 to 41.8% (ave-raged 34.1%) in the cross between triticale and wheat, which resulted in 3.61% in F$_2$(selfed F$_1$), 3.99% in F$_1$/P$_1$ 21. 9% in F$_1$/P$_2$ respectively. However, seed set was extremely low in reciprocal crosses when triticale was used as male. In the backcross, crossability was higher in F$_1$/wheat and triticale/F$_1$ than that in wheat/F$_1$ and F$_1$/triticale, respectively. Germination rate of the crossed seed was 95% in F$_1$ 66.3% in F$_2$ (selfed F$_1$), 62.0% in F$_1$/P$_1$ and 81.0% in F$_1$/P$_2$ from the cross between triticale and wheat, respectively. When triticale cv. Sinkihomil was used as male, seeds were degenerated because of the failure of endorsperm development. This might be caused by AAABBBDDR genome constitution in the cytoplasm from a hexaploid wheat. Pollen fertility of F, plant was averaged 34.1% in the cross between triticale and wheat. Significant positive correlation between the pollen fertility and seed set rate in the cross between triticale and wheat were detected.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.213-217
• /
• 2000

In order to investigate the removal effect of cadmium by polyphenol compound extracted from persimmon leaves(Diospyros kaki folium), animal test was done. Two fractions such as F-1 and F-2 from persimmon leaves were compared with their safety and function. The food intake of group F-1 and F-2 considerably decreased within 1% level. Cadmium addition influenced to rat growth(a tested animal), but food efficiency ratio(FER) wasn't shown any considerable difference in F-1 and F-2, as compared to the control. Cadmium content of liver, kidney and femur considerably decreased within 1% level in F-1 and F-2, compared to the control, cadmium content of liver decreased 25% in F-1, 28% in F-2 3150 decreased 22% md 25% in kidney. In femur, also decreased 53% in F-1 and 59% in F-2 respectively. The test of cadmium content in feces indicate that the content considerably increased within 1% level in both group F-1 and F-2, as compared to the control(42% in F-1, 54% in F-2). As shown the above results, have seen the removal effect of cadmium by polyphenol compound.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.201-215
• /
• 2012

In this paper, we prove the stability in random normed spaces via fixed point method for the functional equation $f(x+y+z+w)\;+\;2f(x)\;+\;2f(y)\;+\;2f(z)\;+\;2f(w)\;-\;f(x+y)\;-\;f(x+z)\;-\;f(x+w)\;-\;f(y+z)\;-\;f(y+w)\;-\;f(z+w)=0$.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.467-476
• /
• 2017

In this paper, we obtain the stability of the additive-quadratic functional equation f(x+y, z+w)+f(x+y, z-w) = 2f(x, z)+2f(x, w)+2f(y, z)+2f(y, w) and the bi-Jensen functional equation $$4f(\frac{x+y}{2},\;\frac{z+w}{2})=f(x,\;z)+f(x,\;w)+f(y,\;z)+f(y,\;w)$$ in 2-Banach spaces.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.313-328
• /
• 2011

We investigate the stability of the functional equation f(x+y+z+w)+2f(x)+2f(y)+2f(z)+2f(w)-f(x+y)-f(x+z)-f(x+w)-f(y+z)-f(y+w)-f(z+w)=0 by using a flxed point theorem in the sense of L. C$\breve{a}$adariu and V. Radu.