• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 1987

The present researches were carried out to differentiate the species of Colletotrichum by elecrophoretic method. C. gloeosporioides, C. dematium and Gloeosporium fructigenum could be differentiated by the isozyme patterns of esterase, leucine aminopeptidase, acid phosphatase and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase. Especially. G-strain and R-strain of C. gloeosporioides were differentiated by the enzyme patterns. The G­strain damaged all stage fruits (green and red fruits) of Capsicum annum. The R-strain could not infect the unripe (green) fruits, but it could damage only ripe (red) fruit of Capsicum annum.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.187-192
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• 2007

The anthracnose disease on pepper fruits in Korea was caused by Colletotrichum acutatum as well as C. gloeosporioides. Since C. acutatum showed less sensitivity to benomyl, it was analyzed whether the less sensitivity was given by the same mechanism for the fungicide resistance of C. gloeosporioides. The isolates of C. acutatum were less sensitive to the three benzimidazole fungicides tested, benomyl, carbendazim, and thiophanate-methyl. However, the of C. acutatum isolates were different from the resistant isolates of C. gloeosporioides in their response to diethofencarb, one of N-phenyl-carbamates; the former was still less sensitive to diethofencarb than the latter. The differences in the resistance mechanisms in two species were conspicuous in sequence analysis of the tub2 genes. The genes from C. acutatum did not show any non-synonymous base substitutions at the regions known to be correlated with the benzimidazole-resistance. All of these data may indicate that the less sensitivity of C. acutatum to benomyl is based on different mechanism(s) from that of C. gloeosporioides.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.121-123
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• 2013

The strains of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, C. coccodes, C. acutatum isolated from black raspberry were pathogenic to apple and strawberry after dropping inoculation, but showed weak pathogenicity in hot-pepper and tomato. The anthracnose pathogens of C. gloeosporioides, C. orbiculare, C. acutatum isolated from apple, hot-pepper and pumpkin showed pathogenicity in black raspberry. Moreover, the anthracnose pathogens isolated from apple caused disease symptoms in non-wounded inoculation.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 2015

Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (C. gloeosporioides; Teleomorph: Glomerella cingulata), is the most destructive disease that affects sweet persimmon production worldwide. However, the biology, ecology, and genetic variations of C. gloeosporioides remain largely unknown. Therefore, in this study, the development of fungicide resistance and genetic diversity among an anthracnose pathogen population with different geographical origins and the exposure of this population to different cultivation strategies were investigated. A total of 150 pathogen isolates were tested in fungicide sensitivity assays. Five of the tested fungicides suppressed mycelial pathogen growth effectively. However, there were significant differences in the sensitivities exhibited by the pathogen isolates examined. Interestingly, the isolates obtained from practical management orchards versus organic cultivation orchards showed no differences in sensitivity to the same fungicide. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses were performed to detect internal transcribed spacer regions and the ${\beta}$-tubulin and glutamine synthetase genes of the pathogens examined. Both the glutamine synthetase and ${\beta}$-tubulin genes contained a complex set of polymorphisms. Based on these results, the pathogens isolated from organic cultivation orchards were found to have more diversity than the isolates obtained from the practical management orchards.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.195-199
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• 1997

Anthracnose symptoms were observed on the commercially cultivating ultivating cyclamen in Chonbuk province in 1995. The symptoms of infected flowers were small, circular and dark brown ring-spots or water-soaked lesions and gradually changed to lack blight. Mycelial colony of the isolates was light or whitish gray to dark gray on potato dextrose agar. Conidia were straight cylindrical and obtuse at the apex and measured 8.3~15.0${\times}$2.5~6.3 ${\mu}m$ in size. Appressoria were brown to dark brown and clavate, but most of them were irregular. Acervuli on lesions were brown, rounded and measured 50~140${\times}$32.5~90 ${\mu}m$ in size. The optimum temperatures for mycelial growth and conidial sporulation were ranged from 25 to 30$^{\circ}C$. Thus, based on mycological characteristics of the fungus, the causal agent of cyclamen anthracnose was identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.35-37
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• 2005

Anthracnose symptoms on Spiraea prunifolia were observed around the residential area of Dongbumyon, Geoje City, Gyeongnam Province, Korea in 2002 and 2003. Typical symptoms of the disease were dark red spot on the leaves and black spot on the stem. The pathogen formed gray to dark gray colony on potato dextrose agar. Conidia were single celled, color, ovoid or oblong in shape and $6{\sim}12\;{\times}\;3{\sim}5\;{\mu}m$ in size. Seta were dark brown in color, cone-shaped in shape and $23{\sim}42\;{\times}\;2{\sim}4\;{\mu}m$ in size. The optimum temperature for growth of the isolate was about $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$. On the basis of mycological characteristics and pathogenicity test on host plants, the fungus was identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. This is the first report on the anthracnose of S. prunifolia caused by C. gloeosporioides in Korea.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.10-24
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• 2014

Genetic diversity and differentiation of 50 Colletotrichum spp. isolates from legume crops studied through multigene loci, RAPD and ISSR analysis. DNA sequence comparisons by six genes (ITS, ACT, Tub2, CHS-1, GAPDH, and HIS3) verified species identity of C. truncatum, C. dematium and C. gloeosporiodes and identity C. capsici as a synonym of C. truncatum. Based on the matrix distance analysis of multigene sequences, the Colletotrichum species showed diverse degrees of intera and interspecific divergence (0.0 to 1.4%) and (15.5-19.9), respectively. A multilocus molecular phylogenetic analysis clustered Colletotrichum spp. isolates into 3 well-defined clades, representing three distinct species; C. truncatum, C. dematium and C. gloeosporioides. The ISSR and RAPD and cluster analysis exhibited a high degree of variability among different isolates and permitted the grouping of isolates of Colletotrichum spp. into three distinct clusters. Distinct populations of Colletotrichum spp. isolates were genetically in accordance with host specificity and inconsistent with geographical origins. The large population of C. truncatum showed greater amounts of genetic diversity than smaller populations of C. dematium and C. gloeosporioides species. Results of ISSR and RAPD markers were congruent, but the effective maker ratio and the number of private alleles were greater in ISSR markers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.96.2-97
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• 2003

More than 1200 microorganisms were isolated from soil samples collected from various sources and localities. Among the isolates, 2 actinomyces (TH-04 and BA313) and 1 Bacillus sp. (CJ3) were selected as antagonists to pepper anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. These 3 isolates inhibitied mycelial growth of C gloeosporioides and the inhibition rates were over 70％ on PDA. When the isolates were co-cultured with conidia of C. gloeosporioides in potato dextrose broth, conidial germination was severely inhibited and the inhibition rates of TH-04, BA313, and CJ3 at 24 hours were 75％, 72％, and 68％, respectively. The inhibition rates at n hours incubation were not much different from the rates at 24 hours. To check the activity on the plant, each isolate was mixed with equal volume of conidial suspension of C. gloeosporioides and wound-inoculated on green pepper fruit. After 6 days, the anthracnose lesions on the fruits inoculated with the mixture were much smaller than the lesions caused by the C. gloeosporioides itself. The lesion areas of TH-04 or BA313 treated pepper were less than 30％ of the check. TH-04 and BA313 also showed antagonistic activity to Phytophthora spp. and Botrytis cinerea. By scanning electron microscopy and fatty acid analyses (MIDI), TH-04 and BA313 were identified to Streptomyces halstedii and S. violaceusniger, repectively.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.455-458
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• 1996

난 탄저병균의 배양적 특성과 탄저병의 발생 특성을 조사하였다. 자연 발병한 양란과 호접란의 잎에는 초기에 암갈색 또는 검은색의 둥글고 작은 반점이 형성되어 점차 진전되면서 검게타고 병이 진전됨에 따라 잎전체가 고사하고 심할 경우 줄기와 식물체 전체가 고사하였다. 탄저병에 감염된 양란과 호접란의 병환부로부터 분리된 Colletotrichum gloeosporioides는 상처접종에 의해서만 각각 양란과 호접란 병원성을 나타내었고, 덴파레 및 춘란에 대해서도 모두 병원성을 나타내었다. 양란은 상위엽일수록 탄저병균에 대해 감수성을 나타내었으며, 호접란이 탄저병균에 대해 감수성을 나타낸 반면에 춘란이 가장 저항성을 나타내었으며 양란과 덴파레는 중도 반응을 보였다. 탄저병균의 균사생장과 분생포자형성 적온은 각각 $25^{\circ}C$였으며, 베노밀 수화제와 비타놀 수화제에 대하여 감수성을 나타내었다.

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.3-3
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• 1999