• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.127.1-127.1
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• 2016

Si은 값싸고 넓은 시설기반을 갖추고 있어, 발전산업에서 태양광소자의 주원료로 널리 사용된다. 하지만 Si은 간접 띠틈을 Si의 특성을 개선하기 위해 최근 Si에 특정한 결함을 넣어 직접 띠틈으로 바꿔 광효율을 높이려는 시도가 있다. 2015년 초 Si단결정[111]으로 Seiwatz-chain 형태의 결함이 있다면 결함이 있는 Si(111)에 직접 띠틈이 생길 것 이라고 이론적으로 예상했다. 이러한 구조의 제작방법으로 Ca/Si(111)과 Si(111)을 접합 후 가열하여 Ca을 빼내는 방법을 제시했다[1]. 본 연구에서는 이 제작방법 외에 Ca/Si(111)-$2{\times}1$ 표면에서[2] 에피성장으로 결함이 유지된 Si단결정 형성가능성을 제일원리 계산을 통해 연구했다. 제일원리 계산방법으로는 VASP(Vienna Ab-initio Simulation Package)를 이용하였다. Si원자 한개, 두 개, 세 개가 흡착될 경우 원자당 흡착에너지는 각각 3.73 eV, 3.73 eV, 3.91 eV 였다. 따라서 Si원자는 무리형태로 흡착될 것으로 예상되어 결함을 유지하며 단결정으로 성장하기는 어려울 것으로 보인다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 국내산 함바나듐 티탄자철광으로부터 CaO 염배소 및 황산 침출을 통해 바나듐의 침출거동에 대해 고찰하였다. CaO의 첨가량 및 배소 온도에 따라 상의 변화를 살펴보았다. 배소 조건에 관계없이 Perovskite (CaTiO₃)가 형성되었으며, CaO 함량이 높아지면 Calcium ferrite (CaFeO_x) 상이 CaO 함량이 낮아지면 Hematite (Fe₂O₃)가 형성이 되었다. CaO 배소 후 1M 황산, 50℃, 고액비 10%에서 6시간 동안 침출을 진행하였다. 침출 결과 배소 시료의 형태가 소결일 경우 바나듐의 산화가 충분히 이루어지지 못해 침출률이 감소하였다. 또한 배소 온도가 낮으면 미 반응한 잔류 CaO의 영향으로 바나듐의 침출률이 감소하였다. 함바나듐 티탄자철광의 철과 티타늄의 침출률을 낮추기 위해서는 CaO의 첨가량을 최소화하여 CaTiO₃와 CaFeO_x의 형성을 억제할 필요가 있었다. 결과적으로 1150℃, 10 wt.% CaO 배소 산물을 침출하였을 때 86%의 바나듐, 4.3%의 철, 6.5%의 티타늄의 침출률을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.22-25
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• 2008

In this study, calcium titanate $(CaTiO_3)$ gel was prepared by mixing calcium nitrate and titanium isopropoxide in 2-methoxy-ethanol. $CaTiO_3$ gel was single-layer coated on Ti-6Al-4V using a sol-gel dip-coating technique. The coating was calcined at $750^{\circ}C$ in air by utilizing a very slow heating rate of $2^{\circ}C/min$. The crystalline phases of the coating were characterized by x-ray diffraction using a slow scan rate of $1^{\circ}/min$. The morphology of the coating was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The corrosion behavior of Ti-6Al-4V samples coated with $CaTiO_3$ films were tested in an artificial saliva solution by potentiodynamic polarization and were quantified by the Tafel extrapolation method. The electrochemical parameters showed a considerable increase in the corrosion resistance for the $CaTiO_3$-coated Ti-6Al-4V samples compared to bare substrates.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제66권3호
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• pp.545-550
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• 2017

As an alternate technique for water softening, high voltage impulse (HVI) is introduced and verified if it can control the $CaCO_3$ scale formation in industrial water treatment. After HVI was applied to the artificial hard water containing $100{\pm}5mg/L$ $Ca^{2+}$ for 4 hours, the $Ca^{2+}$ concentration and the electrical conductivity were measured. The concentration of $Ca^{2+}$ was reduced from 94.5 to 86.3 mg/L (8.7% reduction) after 4 hour contact of HVI under 5 kV condition. The $Ca^{2+}$ was decreased from 92 to 77.7 mg/L (15.6% reduction) at 8kV and from 90.1 to 75.4 mg/L (16.3% reduction) at 12 kV condition. Both of the contact time and the applied voltage were important parameters affecting the calcium ion reduction. With these results, it was verified that HVI technique could be potential candidate for control of $CaCO_3$ scale formation.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

칼슘 코발트 층상 산화물계에서 $Ca_3Co_2O_6$와 $Ca_3Co_4O_9$를 기본으로 하여 열전 특성 향상을 위해 Ca 위치를 Bi, Sr, La, K로 부분 치환하고, Co위치를 Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn로 치환한 다결정 산화물을 제조하여 $300{\sim}1000K$ 까지의 열전 특성을 분석하였다. Bi가 치환된 $Ca_3Co_4O_9$계의 $Ca_{2.7}Bi_{0.3}Co_4O_9$는 전기전도도 $85.4({\Omega}cm)^{-1}, Seebeck계수 $176.2{\mu}V/K$그리고 파워팩터 $265.2{\mu}W/K^m$로 가장 높은 열전 물성치가 관찰되었다. 열전 모듈 제조를 위해서 각각의 열전반도체의 성능지수Z($10^{-4}/K$)가 0.87, 0.41의 값인 p형 열전 소재로 $Ca_{2.7}Bi_{0.3}Co_4O_9$를, n형 열전 소재로($Zn_{0.98}Al_{0.02}$)O를 선택하여 열전쌍을 제조하였다. 제조된 2쌍의 기본 열전쌍은 120K의 온도차에서 약 30mV정도의 기전력이 나타났다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.215-224
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• 1994

The presence of a calcium current $(i_{Ca^{2+}})$ passed via a specific channel was examined in the unfertilized hamster egg using the whole-cell voltage clamp technique. Pure inward current was isolated using a $Ca^{2+}-rich$ pipette solution containing 10 mM TEA. This current was independent of external $Na^+$ and was highly sensitive to the $Ca^{2+}$ concentration in the bathing solution, indicating that the inward current is carried by $Ca^{2+}$. The maximal amplitude was $-4.12{\pm}0.58nA\;(n=12)$ with 10mM $Ca^{2+}$ at -3OmV from a holding potential of -8OmV. This current reached its maximum within 20ms beyond -3OmV and decayed rapidly with an inactivation time constant $({\tau})$ of 15ms. Activation and inactivation of this $i_{Ca^{2+}}$ was steeply dependent on the membrane potential. The $i_{Ca^{2+}}$ began to activate at the lower voltage of -55 mV and reached its peak at -35 mV, being completely inactivated at potentials more positive than -40 mV. These result suggest that $i_{Ca^{2+}}$ in hamster eggs passes through channels with electrical properties similar to low voltage-activated T-type channels. Other results from the present study support this suggestion; First, the inhibitory effect of $Ni^{2+}\;(IC_{50}=13.7\;{\mu}M)$ was more potent than $Cd^{2+}\;(IC_{50}=123\;{\mu}M)$. Second, $Ba^{2+}$ conductance was equal to or below that of $Ca^{2+}$. Third, $i_{Ca^{2+}}$ in hamster eggs was relatively insensitive to nifedipine $(IC_{50}=96.6\;{\mu}M)$, known to be a specific t-type blocker. The physiological role of $i_{Ca^{2+}}$ in the unfertilized hamster eggs remains unclear. Analysis from steady-state inactivation activation curves reveals that only a small amount of this current will pass in the voltage range $(-70{\sim}-30\;mV)$ which partially overlaps with the resting membrane potential. This current has the property that it can be easily activated by a weak depolarization, thus it may trigger a certain kind of a intracellular event following fertilization which may cause oscillations in the membrane potential.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2001년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.652-655
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• 2001

Power transformers are increasingly becoming more significant in the advancement of electronic equipment. A high-performance, low-cost core material is necessary in order th come up with power transformers in the smallest and lightest scale possible and with low power requirements. In this study, we added V$_2$O$_{5}$ and CaCo$_3$to Mn-Zn ferrite to produce a high-performance low-cost core material. The compositions used were MnO : ZnO : Fe$_2$O$_3$= 37 : 11 : 52 mol%. The materials were sintered at 125$0^{\circ}C$ for three hours. Initial permeability was measured at 0.1MHz. At 200mT, power loss was measured by changing the temperature at 25KHz, 50KHz, 100KHz. When we added 0.lwt% and 0.1%wt% of V$_2$O$_{5}$와 CaCo$_3$, respectively we obtained 405 405KW/㎥ at 200mT, 100KHz, 6$0^{\circ}C$. We tan reduce eddy current loss as a primary loss of high frequency by adding a small amount of V$_2$O$_{5}$와 CaCo$_3$. This reduces power loss in the power transformersormers

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2002

캐나다 퀘벡 주 오카지역에서 산출되는 네오비움 페롭스카이트(일명 라트라파이트, $Ca_2NbFe^{3+}O_6$)에 대하여 화학분석과 분말 X선 회절 데이터를 이용한 리트벨트 구조분석을 실시하였다. 라트라파이트는 $CaTiO_3-NaNbO_3-Ca_2NbFe^{3+}O_6$의 연속계열 고용체의 성분을 가지며, 화학분석 결과 평균$(Ca_{1.5}Na_{0.4})\;(Nb_{0.1}Ti_{0.6}Fe_{0.4})O_6$ 리트벨트 구조분석 결과 라트라파이트의 구조는 페롭스카이트($CaTiO_3$)의 결정구조와 유사하지만, Ti 이온이 Nb와 $Fe^{3+}$에 의해 치환되면서 상당히 뒤틀리고, $TiO_6$ 팔면체가 페롭스카이트에 비해 서로 기울어져 있는 모습을 보여준다 새롭게 결정된 라트라파이트의 공간군은 Pbnm, 단위포는 a=5.4474(4), b=5.5264(4), c=7.7519(5) ${\AA},\;V=233.4(3){\AA}^3$이다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 센서 박막재료 반도체 세라믹
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• pp.277-281
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• 2003

Effects of $CaF_2$ addition as a filler on the high frequency dielectric properties and sintering of CaO-$Al_2O_3-SiO_2-B_2O_3$(CASB) and ZnO-MgO-$B_2O_3-SiO_2$(ZMBS) glass composites were investigated. The optimal glass composition in the CASB system was 33.0CaO-$17.0Al_2O_3-35.0SiO_2-15.0B_O_3$(in wt%). The corresponding dielectric properties were k=8.1 and $Q{\times}fo$=1,200GHz. The sintering temperature was $800{\mu}m$. In case of 2MBS system, 25.0ZnO-25.0MgO-20.0$B_2O_3-30.0SiO_2$(in wt%) glass showed k=6.8 and $Q{\times}fo$=5,200GHz when it was sintered at $750^{\circ}C$. The maximum amount of $CaF_2$ in the CASB and 2MBS glass system without any detrimental effect on the sintering was 25.0 v/o and 15.0 v/o, respectively. The addition of $CaF_2$ in the glass systems improved the high frequency dielectric properties. In case of CASB+$CaF_2$ composite, k was 7.1 and $Q{\times}fo$ was 2,300GHz. And in case of 2MBS+$CaF_2$ composite, k was 5.9 and $Q{\times}fo$ was 8,100GHz. $CaF_2$ addition also reduced sintering temperature. Effects of $CaF_2$ on the dielectric and sintering properties was analyzed in terms of viscosity and crystallization behavior changes due to the interaction between $CaF_2$ and the glass systems.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.98-102
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• 2002

The structure of a single crystal, grown by a slow cooling a melt of $Ca_{1.29}Bi_{0.14}VO_4$ composition, was analyzed. The crystals belong to the rhombohedral space group R3c and the dimensions of the unit cells are a = 10.848(1)${\AA}$, c = 38.048(6)${\AA}$, V = 3877.6(8)${\AA}^3$ for the pale yellow crystal, and a = 10.857(1), c = 38.063(6)${\AA}$, V = 3885.6(8)${\AA}^3$ for the yellow crystal, respectively. Unit cell dimensions of the crystal were larger than those of the host crystal, $Ca_3(VO_4)_2$, owing to the Bi that replaced Ca in the unit cell. Ca in the unit cell formed six, eight and nine coordinated polyhedra with O atoms and Bi replacing Ca entered the eight or nine coordinated Ca sites with different crystallographic environments in the unit cell. All the V in the unit cell formed four coordinated tetrahedra with O atoms, however V-O bond lengths in the tetrahedra were different from one another.