• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.121-132
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• 2006

Minerals are extremely important in human metabolism, growth, and tissue repair. The risks of disturbances in mineral nutrition and metabolism are high following menopause. The aim of the study was to investigate the mineal nutrition status in middle-aged women (Pre & Postmenopausal) and the relation to climacteric symptoms. In the present study, we conducted the anthropometric measurement, climacteric symptoms survey and the dietary intakes including macronutrients, vitamins and minerals to assess the nutrient intakes. Also plasma mineral levels (Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Cu, Zn) was measured. The participants were 105 middle-aged women (pre=51, Postmenopausal=54). The anthropometric measurement showed that 74% of subjects was overweight and obesity. The energy intakes were 83% of Korean EER. The macromineral intake (Ca, P, Mg, Na, K), Ca, P and Mg were 65%, > 116% and > 107% of Korean RI. Na and K intakes were > 243% and 53% of Korean AI. For the trace mineral intake (Fe, Cu, Zn), Fe, Cu and Zn intakes were 82%, > 146%, and 94% of Korean RI. The serum mineral concentration measurement, in case of Ca, Fe and Zn, > 10% of subjects showed lower level than normal clinical range. The most frequently appeared climacteric symptoms were dry eye, forgetfulness, difficult concentration, shoulder pain, fatique, depression & lonesomeness, backache, snore, dry skin, ankle & knee pain. In relation to mineral nutrition with climacteric symptoms, significant correlations have been founded between Ca intake and difficult concentration, Mg intake and snore, Fe & Zn intake and forgetfulness & dry skin, serum Ca concentration and forgetfulness, serum Na concentration and dry eyes & snore, serum K concentration and shoulder pain. From these results, it has been indicated that some mineral nutrition status may effect the prevention and reduction of climacteric symptoms in pre and postmenopause women.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.684-690
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• 2003

This study has investigated the bioavailability of calcium in eggshell powder (ESP) for the purpose of reutilizing eggshells as the calcium source. The experiment was designed 2 ${\times}$ 2 factorial method with two sources, CaCO$_3$ and ESP, and two levels, 0.2% and 0.4% calcium. Weanling SD rats were assigned randomly to one of 4 groups and provided by one of the isocaloric, 20% casein based 4 different experimental diets for 4weeks. Deionized water was given and environment was kept from any contamination of minerals. The body weight, diet intake, feed efficiency ratio (FER), bone growth, Ca contents of bones, and apparent absorption were measured. FER (0.38 - 0.40) and kidney weight were not different among groups and the weight and length, Ca content, strength of two bones Tibia and Femur were not affected by Ca sources except Femur Ca content. Ca content of Femur was greater in ESP groups than that of CaCO$_3$ groups. The body weight gain, bone growth, the Ca contents and strength of bones were significantly greater in 0.4% calcium groups suggesting 0.2% calcium is not sufficient for the optimum growth in the growing rats. These results indicate that ESP be a proper Ca source comparable or superior to CaCO$_3$. However the apparent absorption rate of final 3 days of feeding did not support the observed results showing lower rate in ESP than CaCO$_3$ groups. Further study be needed in the absorption aspect.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.98-103
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• 1994

Some quality characteristics of tofu prepared with soyprotein isolate (SPI) were investigated to study the effects of various ratio of coagulants mixture and addition of oil, sucrose and dextrin. The tofu was prepared by addition of coagulants into the boiled SPI suspension and compression. The results showed that the mixed coagulants of CaCl $_2$-GDL(50 :50) and CaSO$_4$-GDL(25 :75) resulted the highest volume yield of 4.23g/g SPI among the various ratios of CaCl$_2$-CaSO$_4$, CaCl$_2$-GDL and CaSO$_4$-GDL. The water holding capacity(WHC) expressed as the area of water absorbed on filter paper was relatively high for those tofu coagulation with CaCl$_2$-GDL(75 : 25) and CaSO$_4$ -GDL(75 : 25). Addition of sucrose or oil-sucrose (1 : 1) decreased the yield wihle WHC was improved. Their addition also caused less hard and cohesive tofu which was coagulated by CaCl$_2$-GDL(75 : 25) and CaSO$_4$-GDL(75 : 25).

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate how a Portulaca oleracea L. extract (POE) stimulates insulin secretion in INS-1 pancreatic ${\beta}-cells$. MATERIALS/METHOD: INS-1 pancreatic ${\beta}-cells$ were incubated in the presence of various glucose concentrations: 1.1 or 5.6, 16.7 mM glucose. The cells were treated with insulin secretagogues or insulin secretion inhibitor for insulin secretion assay using an insulin ELISA kit. In order to quantify intracellular influx of $Ca^{2+}$ caused by POE treatment, the effect of POE on intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ in INS-1 pancreatic ${\beta}-cells$ was examined using Fluo-2 AM dye. RESULTS: POE at 10 to $200{\mu}g/mL$ significantly increased insulin secretion dose-dependently as compared to the control. Experiments at three glucose concentrations (1.1, 5.6, and 16.7 mM) confirmed that POE significantly stimulated insulin secretion on its own as well as in a glucose-dependent manner. POE also exerted synergistic effects on insulin secretion with secretagogues, such as L-alanine, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, and especially tolbutamide, and at a depolarizing concentration of KCl. The insulin secretion caused by POE was significantly attenuated by treatment with diazoxide, an opener of the $K{^+}_{ATP}$ channel (blocking insulin secretion) and by verapamil (a $Ca^{2+}$ channel blocker). The insulinotropic effect of POE was not observed under $Ca^{2+}$-free conditions in INS-1 pancreatic ${\beta}-cells$. When the cells were preincubated with a $Ca^{2+}$ fluorescent dye, Fluo-2 (acetoxymethyl ester), the cells treated with POE showed changes in fluorescence in red, green, and blue tones, indicating a significant increase in intracellular $Ca^{2+}$, which closely correlated with increases in the levels of insulin secretion. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that POE stimulates insulin secretion via a $K{^+}_{ATP}$ channel-dependent pathway in INS-1 pancreatic ${\beta}-cells$.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.324-332
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• 1988

Effects of a change in dietary Ca content and an alteration in dietary lipid type on lipid metabolism have been investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; 1) There was no comparable changes in food consumption and body weight gain among all 9 groups. 2) Serum total lipids and cholesterol were lowest when high Ca-corn all diet was fed, and highest when low Ca-butter diet was fed. 3) The contents of total lipids and cholesterol per g liver and total liver showed no consistent tendency with the dietary treatment. 4) Addition of Ca to the diet caused the significant increase in the dry fecal matter and fecal Ca. And fecal total lipids and fecal cholesterol were much greater if the high-Ca diet was fed than if control and low-Ca diet were fed. It is concluded that Ca and polyunsaturated acids have tendency of hypocholesterolemic effect.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.351-356
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• 2010

본 연구는 칼슘고갈식이와 칼슘회복식이를 급여한 SD 종 흰쥐에서 골격대사 지표와 골밀도를 측정함으로써 어린소재 Ca (Tilapia mossambica 비늘을 이용한 칼슘소재)의 유용성을 $CaCO_3$와 비교 평가하였다. 1) 칼슘고갈식이인 LoCa군에 비해 칼슘회복식이를 먹인 AdCa군과 AdFa군에서 체중증가, 사료섭취량이 유의하게 높았고, 이는 어린소재 Ca의 식이효율이 적정수준에 있다고 할 수 있다. 2) 혈청 PTH와 칼시토닌은 실험군 사이에 차이가 없었다. 3) 혈청 ALP와 오스테오칼신은 LoCa군에서 유의하게 증가하였고, AdCa와 AdFa군에서 저하되었다. 뇨의 DPD는 LoCa군에서 현저히 높은 수치를 보인 반면, AdCa와 Ad-Fa군에서 낮은 수치를 보임으로써 뼈의 형성지표와 흡수지표는 칼슘회복식이에 의해 개선되었다. 4) 대퇴골의 습윤무게, 건조무게, 체중 100g 단위당 중량이 모두 AdFa > AdCa > LoCa 순으로 높았고, 대퇴골의 회분함량과 칼슘함량도 모두 같은 순서를 보임으로써 뼈의 형성과 칼슘 축적에 AdCa군과 마찬가지로 AdFa군에서도 효과적이었음을 시사한다. 5) 대퇴골의 골밀도는 AdCa군과 AdFa군에서 LoCa군에 비해 25~26%의 유의하게 높은 수치를 보였다. 이상에서와 같이 칼슘회복식이 (AdCA와 AdFa)는 ALP, 오스테오칼신, DPD의 지표를 개선하였고, 대퇴골의 중량과 회분함량의 증가와 함께 골밀도를 향상시키는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 어린소재 칼슘은 대조 칼슘급원으로 많이 사용되는 $CaCO_3$에 비교하여 뼈 건강에 대등한 효과를 보이므로, 칼슘 소재로서 개발될 가치가 있을 것으로 평가된다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2023

Milk protein is often fractionated/concentrated by using various techniques in dairy industries. Among these techniques, ultrafiltration (UF) is particularly efficient at concentrating the casein fraction of milk protein. The objectives of this study were to produce casein hydrolysates by concentrating the casein fraction in skim milk using the UF technique and to investigate the chemical composition of the casein hydrolysates. The skim milk was concentrated using a UF laboratory test unit equipped with 10 kDa and 30 kDa membranes. After UF, the protein content of the milk was concentrated up to ~7.2% and the Ca was concentrated up to ~196 mg/100 g of milk. Trypsin was then added to the concentrated skim milk to produce the casein hydrolysates. The results of sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the casein fraction was not present after hydrolysis, indicating that casein in the milk had been hydrolyzed. The Ca content in the casein hydrolysates was much higher (p<0.05) compared to Ca content in commercial casein phosphopeptides (CPP) indicating that was acidified during the manufacture of commercial CPP. In conclusion, it seems that casein hydrolysates containing large concentrations of protein and Ca can also be made from concentrated UF milk without acidification or renneting.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.434-441
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• 1995

The model rats with postmenopausal osteoporosis were comparatively observed with regard to the effects of bovine ash and calcium phosphate on calcium metabolism. The modelling design involved the five week-old week-old female SD-strain rats ovariectomized and fed a low-Ca diet(20% casein, 0.06% Ca and 0.38% P) for three weeks. The rats were divided into five groups, one of which was fed the low-Ca diet(basal), and the rest of which were divided into five groups, one of which was fed the low-Ca diet(basal), and the rest of which were fed four kinds of Ca-supplemental diets(20% protein, 1.06% Ca and 0.8% P) for three weeks. The Ca-suplements diets contained two kinds of Ca sources, bovine bone ash(BBA) or calcium phosphate, tribasic [Ca3(PO4)2] and two kinds of protein sources, casein or isolated soy protein(ISP). The model rats of postmenopausal osteoporosis fed basal diet showed a significant decrease in Ca utilization in reference to serum Ca concentration, breaking force of bone, Ca and P contents of bone, and Ca absorption and retention. However, the supply of Ca for three weeks demonstrated the improved utilization of Ca. One step further, BBA was more effective than calcium phosphate in improving Ca utilization in ISP-fed groups. On the other hand, no significant difference was seen in casein-fed groups. It is to conclude that BBA could be more effective in accelerating Ca utilization under vulnerable dietary or physiological conditions such as vegetable protein intake and osteoprosis.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.308-311
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• 2006

Saesongi (Pleurotus eryngii) was cultivated in both potato dextrose agar (PDA) and sawdust media supplemented with Ca salts. The addition of Ca phosphate and Ca carbonate to sawdust media did not affect the growth, whereas Ca sulfate addition suppressed the mycelial growth appreciably. The efficiencies of Ca accumulation in the fruiting were studied based on mycelial growth experiments on Ca-supplemented sawdust media. Supplementation with 0.1 to 5% Ca phosphate increased the Ca content in the fruiting body by 4.5-6.5 fold, to a level of $314.6{\pm}22.7$ to $449.7{\pm}29.3$.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2006

The effect of the level of casein phosphopeptide (CPP) on mineral (Ca and P) bioavailabilties and bone biomarker of aged ovariectomized (OVX) Sprague-Dawley rats were studied as a model for postmenopausal bone loss. Forty five Spargue dawley rats, 220-230 g of body weight were fed a control diet (AIN 93M) or containing different level of CPP diet for 7 weeks: $0\%$ (sham control; SC, OVX control; OC), $1\%$ (OVX low CPP diet: OL), $2\%$ (OVX medium CPP diet; OM), $3\%$ (OVX high CPP diet; OH) Ca absorption was unaffected by increasing CPP content from 0 to $3\%$. Urinary Ca excretion was increased by OVX, and decreased by CPP significantly (p < 0.05) with no evident doserelationship. The urinary P excretion was increased by CPP intake in OVX rats. The fecal excretion of P given CPP decreased in OVX with dose dependent manner. Ca and P contents of femur significantly increased by adding 2 or $3\%$ of CPP when compared with OC group and OL group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in serum alkaline phosphatase activity and c-terminal telopeptide excretion in experimental groups. Although ovariectomy induced the increase in urinary c-terminal telopeptide excretion, 2 or $3\%$ of CPP in the diet decreased urinary c-terminal telopetide excretion significantly. These finding suggest the usefulness of CPP in the prevention of postmenopausal bone loss by decreasing urinary Ca excretion and bone resorption. Over 2 percent of CPP in the diet was effective to prevent postmenopausal bone loss.