• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.541-548
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• 2010

본 연구는 신체에 유익한 기능성 성분으로 알려져 있는 셀레늄을 '원황' 배나무에 처리방법을 달리했을 때 어떤 처리방법이 토양과 수체에 셀레늄 흡수를 증진시키는 것에 대해서 조사하였다. 셀레늄 처리는 엽면살포, 토양 내 관주, 그리고 수간주입을 포함하였다. 토양 내 인산과 칼륨 및 마그네슘 함량은 대조구와 셀레늄 관주 처리간에 비슷한 경향을 보였고, 토양 내 칼슘은 셀레늄 처리로 인한 양이온 경쟁작용으로 대조구에서 오히려 높았고 셀레늄 함량은 관주 처리구에서 높게 나타났다. 셀레늄 처리에 따른 엽형질은 별다른 영향을 받지 못했다. 엽중 칼륨과 칼슘은 모든 처리구 간에 별다른 영향이 없었고, 마그네슘은 셀레늄 처리구에서 대조구보다 높은 경향이 나타났다. 엽과 과실 내 셀레늄 함량은 셀레늄 엽면살포와 수간주입 처리구에서 대조구와 관주 처리구보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제37권9호
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• pp.650-655
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• 2014

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into neural cells to treat nervous system diseases. Magnetic resonance is an ideal means for cell tracking through labeling cells with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO). However, no studies have described the neural differentiation ability of SPIO-labeled MSCs, which is the foundation for cell therapy and cell tracking in vivo. Our results showed that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) labeled in vitro with SPIO can be induced into neural-like cells without affecting the viability and labeling efficiency. The cellular uptake of SPIO was maintained after labeled BM-MSCs differentiated into neural-like cells, which were the basis for transplanted cells that can be dynamically and non-invasively tracked in vivo by MRI. Moreover, the SPIO-labeled induced neural-like cells showed neural cell morphology and expressed related markers such as NSE, MAP-2. Furthermore, whole-cell patch clamp recording demonstrated that these neural-like cells exhibited electrophysiological properties of neurons. More importantly, there was no significant difference in the cellular viability and $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ between the induced labeled and unlabeled neural-like cells. In this study, we show for the first time that SPIO-labeled MSCs retained their differentiation capacity and could differentiate into neural-like cells with high cell viability and a good cellular state in vitro.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.43-47
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• 2006

Ginseng (Panax ginseng CA. Meyer) hairy root cultures, which are established via the infection of ginseng root discs with Rhizobium rhizogenes, have been used to construct profiles of both biomass growth and nutrient consumption in flask cultures. In a 250 mL shake flask culture, the maximum biomass was observed on the 59th day of the culture period, at 216.8 g (fresh wt) per liter or 11.4 g (dry wt) per liter. The hairy roots were determined to have a growth rate of 0.355 g-DW/g cells/day during the exponential growth phase and a maximum specific growth rate on day 7. Total ginseng saponin and phenolic compound contents were noted to have increased within the latter portion of the culture period. Linear correlations between increases in biomass weight and nutrient uptake were used to imply the conductivity yield $2.60g-DW/(L{\cdot}mS)$ and carbon yield 0.45 g-DW/(g sugar) in the 250 mL flask cultures. The biomass yield when two different nitrogen sources were used (ammonia and nitrate) was shown to remain approximately constant. at $0.47g-DW/(L{\cdot}mM\;NH_4$) and $0.33g-DW/(L{\cdot}mM\;NO_3$); it remained at these levels for 16 days with the ammonia. and for 24 days with the nitrate. The biomass yield when a phosphate source was used was also shown to remain approximately constant for 9 days, at $3.17g-DW/(L{\cdot}mM\;PO_4$), with an $R^2$ of 0.99.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.265-270
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• 2016

Accumulated Phosphate can be released by ligand exchange reaction of organic acids. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of the organic acids on the availability of phosphate and the growth of crop in phosphate and salts accumulated soil. Soil samples were collected from farmer's plastic film house. Available phosphate and electrical conductivity of soil were $3,005mg\;kg^{-1}$ and $16.63mg\;kg^{-1}$ which were 6 and 8 times higher than the optimum range of soil for crop growth, respectively. Corns were cultivated in pots for 2 months. Treatments were no treatment (control), phosphate fertilizer (P), citric acid (CA) 1, 5, 10 mM, and oxalic acid (OA) 1, 5, 10 mM. Water soluble phosphorus, available phosphate, corn growth and uptake were determined after cultivation. Results showed that organic acids increased water soluble phosphorus and available phosphate. For the level of 10 mM, the order of effectiveness of organic acids for water soluble P was citric acid (44%) > oxalic acid (32%). Height and dry weight of corns were increased significantly by the treatment of citric acid 1 and 5 mM. Also, corn absorbed more phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, calcium and magnesium in the treatment of citric acid 1 mM than these of other treatments. Even though phosphate availability of soil was enhanced by addition of citric acid 10 mM, the growth of corns decreased because high concentration of citric acid caused salt damage by increasement of electrical conductivity. Thus, the citric acid of 1 mM has the potential to improve the availability of phosphate and the healthy growth of corns.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권10호
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• pp.2320-2327
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• 2020

The extreme hydrophobicity of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) hinders bone-tissue integration, thus limiting the use of ePTFE in medical implant applications. To improve the potential of ePTFE as a biomaterial, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) was grafted onto the ePTFE surface using the gamma irradiation technique. The characteristics of the grafted ePTFE were successfully evaluated using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM)/energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Under the tensile test, the modified ePTFE was found to be more brittle and rigid than the untreated sample. In addition, the grafted ePTFE was less hydrophobic with a higher percentage of water uptake compared to the untreated ePTFE. The protein adsorption test showed that grafted ePTFE could adsorb protein, which was denoted by the presence of N peaks in the XPS analysis. Moreover, the formation of the globular mineral on the grafted ePTFE surface was successfully visualized using the FESEM analysis, with a ratio of 1.94 for Ca:P minerals by the EDX. To summarize, the capability of the modified ePTFE to show protein adsorption and mineralization indicates the improvement of the polymer properties, and it can potentially be used as a biomaterial for implant application.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.395-401
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Potassium (K) is one of the macronutrients which are essential for plant growth and development. Its deficiency in paddy soils is becoming one of the limiting factors for increasing rice yield in Asia. METHODS AND RESULTS: To investigate physiological symptoms under K-starvation (NP) compared with complete media (NPK) condition, we measured shoot/root length, weight, nutrients, and patterns of protein expression. The shoot growth was significantly reduced, but root growth was not affected by K-starvation. However, biomasses were decreased in both shoot and root. Uptake of K was reduced up to 85%, while total concentrations of P, Ca, Mg, Na were increased in root and shoot. To better understand the starved K mechanism of rice, comparative proteome analysis for proteins isolated from rice leaves was conducted using 2-DGE. Five spots of differentially expressed proteins were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS. Analysis of these K-starvation response proteins suggested that they were involved in metabolism and defense. CONCLUSION(s): Physiological and 2-DGE based proteomics approach used in our study results in observation of morphology or nutrients change and identification of K-starvation responsive proteins in rice root. These results have important roles in maintaining nutrient homeostasis and would also be useful for further characterization of protein function in plant K nutrition.

• 한국생물환경조절학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물환경조절학회 2001년도 봄 학술발표논문집
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• pp.73-74
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• 2001

순환식 펄라이트 재배에서 오이의 양액흡수는 일사량 변화와 관계없이 단위 일사량당 흡수량이 80-100mgㆍMJ$^{-1}$까지 증가 후 일정하게 유지되어 양액흡수 지표는 전체 양액흡수량보다 단위일사량당 양액흡수량이 더 적합하였다(Fig. 1). 오이의 엽장$\times$엽폭 수치와 실측 엽면적과의 관계는 Y=-16.87＋0.987x＋5E-5x$^2$의 회귀식을 구할 수 있었으며 $r^2$=0.89의 높은 정의 상관을 보였다. NO$_3$$^{-}$ -N의 흡수량은 초기에 3mgㆍMJ$^{-1}$에서 후기 16mgㆍMJ$^{-1}$로 상승하였고 Ca는 초기에 3mgㆍMJ$^{-1}$에서 후기에 14mgㆍMJ$^{-1}$로, Mg는 초기에 1mgㆍMJ$^{-1}$에서 후기에 5mgㆍMJ$^{-1}$로 증가되었으나, 정식 후 62일 이후의 증가세가 둔화되었다. K는 초기에 5.0mgㆍMJ$^{-1}$에서 후기 18mgㆍMJ$^{-1}$로 증가되었으나 지속적인 증가를 보여주지 못하였는데 이것은 오이의 하엽 제거로 인한 결과로 생각되어진다. 그러나 P는 초기에 0.5mgㆍMJ$^{-1}$에서 후기에 3.2mgㆍMJ$^{-1}$로 지속적으로 증가되었다. S는 초기에 0.5mgㆍMJ$^{-1}$에서 중기에 6.5mgㆍMJ$^{-1}$까지 증가되다가 후기에 2.7mgㆍMJ$^{-1}$로 감소되었다(Fig. 2). 오이의 각각의 무기이온 흡수량과 가장 상관이 높았던 요소는 정식일수와 엽면적이었으며 이 두 요소와 단위일사량당 양액흡수량과는 $r^2$=0.92, 0.97로 높은 상관을 보였다(Table 1). 단위일사량당 양액흡수량을 이용한 각각의 무기이온 흡수량 회귀식은 $r^2$=0.8 이상으로 높은 상관관계를 보여 실용적 이용이 가능할 것으로 보였다(Fig. 3).

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.497-508
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• 2017

This study aimed to investigate correlations between concentrations of extractable Arsenic (As) with varying chemical solutions (0.1 M $Ca(NO_3)_2$, 0.1 M $(NH_4)2HPO_4$, 0.5 M EDTA, Mehlich 3, and 0.5 M $NaHCO_3$) and those of As in crops, and then to seek the most suitable soil extraction method for predicting the potential of As uptake in crops cultivated in soils contaminated with As. For a mesocosm experiment, pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), and rice (Oryza sativa L.) were cultivated for three months in pots containing soils taken from the arable areas near abandoned mines in Korea. Following the cultivation, soil pH and DOC significantly increased by treatments of lime and lime plus compost, respectively, while insignificant influences in changing total and all extractable As concentrations were found in all soils. Arsenic concentration in edible part of all crops considerably depended on the extractable As concentration in the soils, particularly with Mehlich 3. All extractable As concentrations in the soils of C. annuum and G. max were significantly correlated with As concentration in their edible parts. For O. sativa, the extractable concentrations of Mehlich 3 ($R^2$: 0.18 at p: 0.006) and EDTA ($R^2$: 0.11 at p: 0.036) showed only marked relationships with As concentration in the edible part. These results may indicate that the Mehlich 3 and EDTA are soil extractants to determine phytoavailable As in soil that provide better prediction for As transfer from soil to crop.

• 공업화학
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.121-125
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• 2023

카세인(casein)은 포유류의 우유에서 발견되는 단백질로 우유에서는 80% 이상 함유되어 있다. 사람의 모유에는 약 20~45%가 포함되어 있으며 생체 적합성이 높아 의료 및 산업 소재로 사용되고 있다. 카세인은 양친매성 구조로 내부는 소수성이기 때문에 수용액에서 마이셀로 자가 조립이 가능하여 난용성 약물을 봉입할 수 있다. 또한, 단백질 고분자 소재로 생분해성을 갖고 있어 약물의 전달체로서 적합한 특징을 가진다. 본 연구에서는 칼슘 이온 외에 마그네슘, 아연, 철 등 생체 내 존재하는 다양한 금속 이온들을 사용하여 각각 효과적인 카세인 나노입자 형성 조건을 규명하였다. 동적 광산란 측정기와 제타 전위 측정을 통해 150 nm 이하의 균일한 사이즈를 유지하고 음전하를 띠는 나노입자가 형성됨을 확인하였다. 또한, 각각의 카세인 나노입자가 HeLa 세포주에서 80% 이상의 생존율을 나타내 낮은 세포 독성을 확인하였고, 카세인 나노입자 내부에 시험 약물로서 나일 레드를 봉입하여 세포 내부로 효과적으로 유입됨을 공초점 현미경으로 입증하였다. 본 실험들을 통해 제조된 카세인 나노입자의 약물 전달체로서의 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.408-419
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• 2006

유기물 함량이 높은 토양에서는 질소 감비조건에서 관행 시비구와 유사한 수량을 확보할 수 있었던 원인은 토양중의 유기물의 무기화에 의한 암모늄태 질소의 효과적인 방출과 수량구성요소에서 초기에 충분한 분얼수의 확보 그리고 생육후반기에 등숙률의 향상이 그 주요 원인이었다. 결국 수박재배에서 시용한 유기물과 비료성분들이 벼 재배에 일정량 이용될 수 있고 이로 인하여 벼 재배에서는 질소시비량을 줄일 수 있었으며, 추가로 병해충 발생감소와 미질향상의 효과를 규산질비료 시용을 통해서 가능한 것으로 사료되었다. 규산시용에 따른 미질의 향상은 수량이 관행보다 높은 경우에는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 못하였고 비슷한 수량 조건에서는 관행구보다 우수한 미질을 나타내어 적절한 수량과 미질이 우수한 시비체계는 질소 50% 감비에 규산 200% 시용방법이 유리한 것으로 사료된다. 규산 시용에 의한 단위면적당의 광합성활성은 효과가 없었으나, 식물체 전체의 광합성량은 엽면적과 엽신건물중의 증가로 무 규산구보다 높았으며, 순광합성량에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 형광은 규산 처리구에서 효과적이었다. 결국 규산 시용으로 인한 형광특성의 개선이 벼 식물체 전체 광합성 효율을 높였고 또한 근활력과 건물중의 증가를 고려해 볼 때 수량을 증가 시킬 수 있는 포텐셜을 충분히 내재하고 있는 것으로 사료되었다. 결국 포장조건에서의 규산질비료의 시용은 칼슘과 마그네슘 등의 공조효과가 규산질 단독시용보다는 크며, 규산단독의 효과는 초장과 분얼수, 근활력, 건물중 등에서 낮은 질소시비조건보다는 높은 질소시비조건에서 더욱 유의적인 차이를 나타내는 것은 시비모델식과 일치하였다.