• Title/Summary/Keyword: $CO_2$ scavenging

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Downregulatory Effect of AGI-1120 $({\alpha}-Glucosidase Inhibitor)$ and Chaga Mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) on Cellular $NF-{\kappa}B$ Activation and Their Antioxidant Activity (AGI-1120과 차가버섯의 $NF-{\kappa}B$ 활성화 억제 및 항산화 효과)

  • Song, Hee-Sun;Lee, Young-Jong;Kim, Seung-Kyoon;Moon, Won-Kuk;Kim, Dong-Woo;Kim, Yeong-Shik;Moon, Ki-Young
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.35 no.1 s.136
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    • pp.92-97
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    • 2004
  • Effect of AGI $({\alpha}-Glucosidase\;Inhibitor)-1120$, pine (Pinus densiflora) bark extract and Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) - and Chaga mushroom mycelium extracts on cellular $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation in malignant human keratinocytes (SCC-13) were evaluated to elucidate the possible correlation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ with antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activities of these natural products were examined in three different evaluation methods, i.e., lipid peroxidation value (POV) evaluation test, and 1,1diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging test. In a cell-based $NF-{\kappa}B$ monitoring assay systern, all samples revealed the downregulatory profiles on the cellular $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity. AGI -1120 (1, 2 mg) and Chaga mushroom extract (0.05, 0.1 mg) downregulated the $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity in a dose-dependent manner. Chaga mushroom mycelium extract (5 mg) significantly inhibited the $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity (p<0.05). Although AGI-1120 and Chaga mushroom mycelium extract exhibited no antioxidant activities evaluated in pay, Chaga mushroom extract showed antioxidant in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations of $0.05{\sim}1$ mg. While AGI-1120 and Chaga mushroom extract possessed a relatively potential DPPH radical scavenging activity, the NO scavenging activity of Chaga mushroom extract $(SC_{50}:47\;{mu}g)$ was higher than the known antioxidant, vitamin C $(SC_{50}:77\;{mu}g)$. These results suggest that AGI-1120 and Chaga mushroom- and Chaga mushroom mycelium extracts may serve as an useful radical scavenging antioxidant agents with $NF-{\kappa}B$ inhibitory effect in human skin.

Antioxidant effect of ethanol extract from Plantaginis Herba (차전초 에탄올 추출물의 항산화 효능)

  • Kim, Yoo-Jin;Kim, So Young;Jeong, Mi Jin;Lee, Un-Tak;Choo, Sung-Tae;Youn, Seok Na;Kim, Mi Ryeo
    • The Korea Journal of Herbology
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.37-43
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    • 2018
  • Objectives : Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) were well known as anti-oxidant, but they were limited to use because of toxicity. So, many studies are being done to develope natural anti-oxidant. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents along with total antioxidant capacity of the ethanolic extract of Plantaginis Herba (PH) were evaluated to explore the reliable and potential sources of novel natural antioxidants. Methods : Total polyphenol contents and total flavonoid contents in PH ethanol extract were determined by colorimetric method. And DPPH(1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS(2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-Surfonicacid)) free radical scavenging capacity and reducing power inhibition activities of PH ethanol extract were measured at 100, 500, 1000, $5000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentrations by spectrometric assay. Results : The total polyphenol contents and total flavonoid contents of the extract were 161.99 mg/g, 144.05 mg/g, respectively. Also, DPPH, ABTS free radical scavenging capacity and reducing power of PH ethanol extract in treated concentrations (100, 500, 1000, $5000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) increased dose dependently. In particular, DPPH free radical scavenging capacity of PH ethanol extract from $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ was significantly increased compared to positive control (BHA). ABTS free radical scavenging capacity of PH ethanol extract from $1000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ was significantly higher than BHA. Also, reducing power showed that PH ethanol extract from $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ was significantly increased compared to BHA. Conclusions : These results suggest that PH ethanol extract has effects to scavenge free radicals, thus PH has potential and applicable benefits for development of materials and products to have anti-oxidation functions.

Changes in the Antioxidant Potential of Persimmon Peel Extracts Prepared by Different Extraction Methods (고종시 감껍질의 추출조건에 따른 항산화 활성)

  • Jeong, Myeong Jin;Jin, Soon Woo;Hwa, Sung Yong;Bang, Hee Ok;Han, Dong Moon;Jeon, Ji Yeong;Hwa, Se Kyung
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.186-193
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    • 2019
  • Background: Astringent persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb. cv. Kojongsi) peels are by-products of dried persimmons. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activities of Kojongsi persimmon peel (KPP) extracts prepared by 15 different extraction methods: 5 heating durations (0.5 - 2.5 h) at 3 heating temperatures (50, 70, and $90^{\circ}C$). Methods and Results: An increase in heating temperature increased the antioxidant effect of KPP extracts. Those prepared by heating at 1 h had the highest total phenol content, regardless of the heating temperature. In addition, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and cell-protective effects against $H_2O_2-induced$ oxidative stress were dependent on the total phenol contents of the extract. However, the KPP-induced increased in catalase expression was dependent on heating temperature and duration. Conclusions: These results suggest that extraction by heating at $90^{\circ}C$ for 1 h may enhance KPP's antioxidant effects, which mainly involve non-enzymatic antioxidant systems.

Anti-osteoarthritis Effects of the Combination of Boswellia serrata, Curcuma longa, and Terminalia chebula Extracts in Interleukin-1β-stimulated Human Articular Chondrocytes

  • Kim, Hae Lim;Min, Daeun;Lee, Dong-Ryung;Lee, Sung-Kwon;Choi, Bong-Keun;Yang, Seung Hwan
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.36 no.2
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    • pp.79-87
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    • 2022
  • In this study, extracts of Boswellia serrata gum resin, Curcuma longa rhizome, and Terminalia chebula fruit were combined in different ratios, and their anti-osteoarthritis effects were compared to determine which combination had the best synergistic effect. B. serrata, C. longa, and T. chebula extracts in a 2:1:2 ratio exhibited higher antioxidative activity in scavenging DPPH radicals than did the individual extracts alone or the other extract combinations. Additionally, the 2:1:2 combination significantly improved the levels of enzymatic antioxidants and antioxidant-related proteins. Moreover, this same combination ratio decreased the protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 3 and MMP13 in interleukin-1β-stimulated human articular chondrocytes (HCHs) and increased those of aggrecan and collagen type II alpha 1 chain (COL2A1). Analysis of the underlying mechanisms revealed that the 2:1:2 combination significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Therefore, the 2:1:2 combination of these three plant extracts has the best potential for use as an effective dietary supplement for improving joint health compared with the individual extracts and their other combination ratios.

Laboratory-scale Experiment and Model Calculation on the Washout Mechanism of Asian Dust Particles

  • Ma, Chang-Jin;Kim, Ki-Hyun
    • Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.7 no.3
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    • pp.161-168
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    • 2013
  • In this study, an investigation was conducted to assess the washout mechanism of Asian dust particles through both laboratory-scale experiment and model calculation. To artificially simulate Asian dust particle, $CaCO_3$ particles were generated inside an experimental chamber. They were then scavenged by the artificial rain drops. The abundant $CaCO_3$ particles scavenged on a rain drop were successively identified by SEM observation. The concentrations of Ca in residual $CaCO_3$ particles on individual droplet were quantified by PIXE analysis. There was a tendency toward a high accumulation of Ca on a relatively small drop (e.g., <1.0 mm diameter). It is thus suggested that smaller rain drops can effectively scavenge a significant amount of Asian dust particles in ambient atmosphere. The numerical estimation can account for 92.1% and 83.2% of Ca that were measured in small (<1.0 mm diameter) and large (>2.0 mm diameter) size drops, respectively.

Biological Activities and Chemical Characteristics of Monascus-Fermented Korean Red Ginseng (홍국발효홍삼의 이화학적 특성 및 생리활성)

  • Park, Jin-Chul;Cha, Jae-Young;Lee, Chi-Hyeong;Doh, Eun-Soo;Kang, In-Ho;Cho, Young-Su
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.19 no.11
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    • pp.1553-1561
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    • 2009
  • This study investigated the biological activities and chemical characteristics of Monascus-fermented Korean red ginseng (MFRG). The comparative activities of water, ethanol, and methanol extracts from MFRGE and Korean red ginseng (RG) were tested in vitro of anti-oxidative models of linoleic acid peroxidation by thiocyanate and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) methods and DPPH ($\alpha,\alpha'$-diphenyl-$\beta$-picrylhydrazyl)radical scavenging activities. In addition, measurements of their bioactive total phenolic compounds and minerals, and extract yield, were obtained. The extract yield of each solvent extracted from MFRG and RG was aqueous by 6.58% and 5.83%, ethanol by 0.62% and 0.98%, and methanol by 1.27% and 3.04%, respectively. Total phenolic compounds were higher in all solvents extracted from MFRG than those from RG. Major mineral contents (ppm) of MFRG and RG were K by 16,936 and 22,386, Ca by 2,310 and 3,693, Mg by 2,703 and 2,647, respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging activities were higher in all solvents extracted from MFRG than those from RG, however, all these extracts exhibited a relatively low level of radical-scavenging activity compared to the butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). In antioxidative activities determined by TBA method using linoleic acid peroxidation, 70% methanol extract from MFRG and RG showed the highest antioxidative activity at a concentration of 0.1%. These results may provide the basic data to understand the biological activities of bio-active materials derived from MFRG.

Ultraviolet-A Blocking Effect and Antioxidant Activity of Gracilariopsis chorda Extract (개꼬시래기(Gracilariopsis chorda) 추출물의 장파장자외선 차단효과 및 항산화효과)

  • Jung, Won-Soon;Park, Eun-Kyung;Kang, Sung-Pil;Park, Sang-Hee;Lee, Mi-Jin
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.43 no.3
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    • pp.277-279
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    • 2010
  • This study examined the ultraviolet-A blocking effect and antioxidant activity of Gracilariopsis chorda extract for use as sunscreen agents in cosmetics. The maximum absorbance at ultra violet-A320-330 and transmissivity was 20-80%. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)radical scavenging activity of Gracilariopsis chorda extract was 68?96% and increased with the sample concentration. This indicates that Gracilariopsis chorda extract is a promising natural compound that could be useful as a sunscreen.

Potential Antioxidant Activites of Enzymatic Digests from Benthic Diatoms Achnanthes longipes, Amphora coffeaeformis, and Navicula sp. (Bacillariophyceae)

  • Lee, Seung-Hong;Karawita, Rohan;Affan, Abu;Lee, Joon-Baek;Lee, Bae-Jin;Jeon, You-Jin
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.166-175
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    • 2008
  • In this study, we focused on natural water-soluble antioxidants from the Jeju benthic diatoms, Achnanthes longipes, Navicula sp. and Amphora coffeaeformis. They were prepared by enzymatic digestion using five carbohydrases (Viscozyme, Celluclast, AMG, Termamyl and Ultraflo) and five proteases (Protamex, Kojizyme, Neutrase, Flavourzyme and Alcalase) and their potential antioxidant activity was assessed. Among the enzymatic digests, Neutrase digest from A. coffeaeformis exhibited the highest effect in DPPH radical scavenging. Flavourzyme (48.7%), Viscozyme (47.4%) and Celluclast (45.7%) digests from Navicula sp. exhibited higher $O^{{\cdot}-}_2$ radical scavenging activity. Viscozyme digest from A. coffeaeformis (45.9%) possessed the highest effects in hydroxyl radical scavenging. Termamyl (89.3%) and Protamex (88.8%) digests from A. coffeaeformis had strong metal chelating activity. Lipid peroxidation was significantly inhibited in Termamyl and Kojizyme digests from A. longipes, AMG and Termamyl digests from Navicula sp. and Kojizyme digest from A. coffeaeformisi. These data suggest that enzymatic digests of the Jeju benthic diatoms might be valuable sources of antioxidant which can be applied in food and pharmaceutical industry.

Antioxidative Effect of Ethanol Extract for 5 Kinds of Spice (5종의 향신료 에탄올 추출물의 항산화 효과)

  • Kim, Jin;Kim, Sung-Ae;Yun, Won-Kyung;Kim, Eun-Jeong;Woo, Mee-Kyung;Lee, Mee-Sook
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.33 no.9
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    • pp.1426-1431
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    • 2004
  • This study was performed to investigate the antioxidative effect of ethanol extracts of 5 spices. They were separately extracted in ethanol from dried samples at room temperature, and freeze-dried. In vitro testing were conducted by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, inhibition of iron-induced linoleate peroxidation and the inhibition of malondialdehyde (MDA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugation reaction. The ethanol extracts of clove (92.9%) and cinnamon (89.9%) showed the most effective results among five spices in the DPPH radical scavenging capacities. The inhibition rate of ethanol extract of clove on the lipid peroxidation was 55.8%. The ethanol extracts of mustard, wasabi and black pepper were effective in the inhibition of MDA and BSA conjugation reaction showing 73.2%, 72.2% and 61.6%, respectively. These results suggest that five spices tested in this study may enhance the antioxidative capacity, although the results were different according to the assay method and sample.

Change of Total Polyphenol Content of Fermented Gastrodia elata Blume and Radical Scavenging (발효천마의 총 폴리페놀 함량 변화 및 라디칼 소거능)

  • Park, Mi-Ran;Yoo, Chul;Chang, Young-Nam;Ahn, Byung-Yong
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.379-386
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    • 2012
  • This study was conducted to compare and analyze change of content of polyphenol and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (HBA), which is an index-component, and antioxidant activity between fermented Gastrodia elata Blume and non-fermented G. elata Blume. The polyphenol contents before and after the fermentation were 108.65 and 389.99 mg/mL respectively, and the content of index-component HBA increased from 2.46 mg/g before fermentation to 7.94 mg/g after fermentation. In comparison between the non-fermented G. elata Blume extract (NFGE) and fermented G. elata Blume extract (FGE) in DPPH, ABTS, and superoxide radical scavenging assay, we found that FGE showed more activity than NFGE as the extract was more concentrated. Especially, the superoxide radical scavenging activity was increased more than twenty times in FGE. In conclusion, we confirmed increase in the electron donating ability and radical scavenging when the dried G. elata Blume is fermented, and its further feasibility as an antioxidant.