• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.25-35
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• 2015

We analyzed the differential effects of histopathology, apoptosis and expression of radiation response genes after chronic low dose rate (LDR) and acute high dose rate (HDR) radiation exposure in spleen, lung and liver of rats. Female 6-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were used. For chronic low-dose whole body irradiation, rats were maintained for 14 days in a $^{60}Co$ gamma ray irradiated room and received a cumulative dose of 2 Gy or 5 Gy. Rats in the acute whole body exposure group were exposed to an equal dose of radiation delivered as a single pulse ($^{137}Cs$-gamma). At 24 hours after exposure, spleen, lung and liver tissues were extracted for histopathologic examination, western blotting and RT-PCR analysis. 1. The spleen showed the most dramatic differential response to acute and chronic exposure, with the induction of substantial tissue damage by HDR but not by LDR radiation. Effects of LDR radiation on the lung were only apparent at the higher dose (5 Gy), but not at lower dose (2 Gy). In the liver, HDR and LDR exposure induced a similar damage response at both doses. RT-PCR analysis identified cyclin G1 as a LDR-responsive gene in the spleen of rats exposed to 2 Gy and 5 Gy gamma radiation and in the lung of animals irradiated with 5 Gy. 2. The effects of LDR radiation differed among lung, liver, and spleen tissues. The spleen showed the greatest differential effect between HDR and LDR. The response to LDR radiation may involve expression of cyclin G1.

• 센서학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 1995

자기저항 효과를 이용한 저자장 자기센서를 제작하기 위하여 슬라이드 유리 기판위에 Ni-Co(0.7Ni-0.3Co) 합금을 $600\;{\AA}$ 두께로 진공증착 하였다. 증착된 박막을 bridge 구조의 격자무늬로 식각하는 과정에서 4개의 bridge arm을 주축과 $45^{\circ}$로 배열하고 그 면적율을 67%로 증대시켰다. 제작된 센서는 자장범위 ${\pm}0.5mT$에서 직선성이 양호하였으며 백색잡음은 0.2nV 이었고 전압감도는 7.6 $nV/{\mu}T$ 이었다.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.72.1-72.15
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• 2021

It has been speculated that bats serve as reservoirs of a huge variety of emerging coronaviruses (CoVs) that have been responsible for severe havoc in human health systems as well as negatively affecting human economic and social systems. A prime example is the currently active severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV2, which presumably originated from bats, demonstrating that the risk of a new outbreak of bat coronavirus is always latent. Therefore, an in-depth investigation to better comprehend bat CoVs has become an important issue within the international community, a group that aims to attenuate the consequences of future outbreaks. In this review, we present a concise introduction to CoVs found in bats and discuss their distribution in Southeast Asia. We also discuss the unique adaptation features in bats that confer the ability to be a potential coronavirus reservoir. In addition, we review the bat coronavirus-linked diseases that have emerged in the last two decades. Finally, we propose key factors helpful in the prediction of a novel coronavirus outbreak and present the most recent methods used to forecast an evolving outbreak.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.103-106
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• 1997

The electrical properties and the sensing properties of ZnO-TiO$_2$ composites were investigated by using the complex impedance measurement and voltage-current source and measurement unit. In air, the electrical conductivity of TiO$_2$ added ZnO increase with increasing the content of TiO$_2$ and the relative dielectric constants for 3, 5 and 7mol% TiO$_2$ added ZnO are 7, 13 and 120, respectively. In 3000ppm CO gas, the relative dielectric constants for 3, 5mol% TiO$_2$ added ZnO are 25, 28, respectively.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2019

본 연구는 폐 리튬이온전지의 양극활물질인 LNO($Li_2NiO_2$) 공정부산물로부터 $CO_2$ 열반응 공정을 통하여 Li 분말을 회수하였다. Li 분말을 회수하는 공정은 $CO_2$ 주입량이 300 cc/min인 분위기에서 $600^{\circ}C$, 1 min 유지하여 $Li_2NiO_2$ 상을 $Li_2CO_3$상과 NiO상으로 상분리 시켰다. 이 후 회수한 시료:증류수 = 1:50 무게비로 수 침출 후 감압 여과를 통해 용액에서 $Li_2CO_3$, 여과지에서 NiO 분말을 회수하였다. Ni 순도를 높이기 위해 $H_2$ 분위기에서 3시간 유지하여 NiO에서 Ni로 환원하였다. 위와 같은 공정을 통해 회수한 탄산리튬 용액의 Li의 농도 2290 ppm, Li의 회수율은 92.74%를 달성하였고 Ni은 최종적으로 순도는 90.1%, 회수율 92.6%의 분말을 제조하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.449-456
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• 2002

The objective of this study was to optimize medium composition of initial pH, tryptone, glucose, yeast extract, and mineral mixture for production of bacteriocin by Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356, using response surface methodology. A response surface approach including new statistical and plotting methods was employed for design and analysis of the experiment. An interiorly augmented central composite design was used as an experimental design. A normal-distribution log-link generalized linear model based on a subset fourth-order polynomial ($R^2$=0.94, Mean Error Deviance=0.0065) was used as an analysis model. This model was statistically superior to the full second-order polynomial-based generalized linear model ($R^2$=0.80, Mean Error Deviance=0.0140). Nonlinear programming determined the optimum composition of the medium as initial pH 6.35, typtone $1.21\%$, glucose $0.9\%$, yeast extract $0.65\%$, and mineral mixture $1.17\%$. A validation experiment confirmed that the optimized medium was comparable to the MRS medium in bacteriocin production, having the advantage of economy and practicality.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.165-168
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• 2008

동시스퍼터법을 이용하여 Ta이 도핑된 $TiO_2$ 박막을 석영 및 ITO 기판위에 제작하였다. Ta의 도핑량은 동시스퍼터법에 의하여 조절되는 Ta 금속선 길이에 의하여 제어 되었다. Ta이 도핑된 $TiO_2$ 박막은 rutile상에서 anatase상으로 구조변화를 유발 시키며 고용체를 형성했다. Ta의 도핑량이 증가함에 따라 rutile상 보다는 anatase상이 많은 것으로 나타났다. XPS 분석에 따르면 도핑된 Ta은 금속이 아닌 $Ta_2O_5$의 산화물을 형성하는 것으로 나타났다. Ta이 도핑된 $TiO_2$ 전극에서는 자외선(UV) 영역을 포함하여 가시광(VIS) 영역의 빛의 조사에 광전류응답 특성을 발현하였다. 가시광선 영역에서 발현된 광전류 응답 특성은 Ta 도핑에 의하여 $TiO_2$ 밴드갭내에 불순물 준위의 형성에 기인한 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.157-162
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• 2001

An optimum route to fabricate the ferrous alloy dispersed $Al_2O_3$ nanocomposites such as $Al_2O_3$/Fe-Ni and $Al_2O_3$/Fe-Co with sound microstructure and desired properties was investigated. The composites were fabricated by the sintering of powder mixtures of $Al_2O_3$ and nano-sized ferrous alloy, in which the alloy was prepared by solution-chemistry routes using metal nitrates powders and a subsequent hydorgen reduction process. Microstructural observation of reduced powder mixture revealed that the Fe-Ni or Fe-Co alloy particles of about 20 nm in size homogeneously surrounded $Al_2O_3$, forming nanocomposite powder. The sintered $Al_2O_3$/Fe-Ni composite showed the formation of Fe$Al_2O_4$ phase, while the reaction phases were not observed in $Al_2O_3$/Fe-Co composite. Hot-pressed $Al_2O_3$/Fe-Ni composite showed improved mechanical properties and magnetic response. The properties are discussed in terms of microstructural characteristics such as the distribution and size of alloy particles.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.130-134
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• 2016

$CO_2$는 기공 메커니즘에 어떤 영향을 주는가? 햇빛에 의해 유도된 기공 열림에서 독립적인 $CO_2$의 효과를 분리해서 본다는 것은 어려운 일이기 때문에, $CO_2$에 의한 기공 열림 메커니즘은 아직 명확하게 밝혀지지 않은 실정이다. 기공은 또한 $CO_2$ 농도에 따라 다르게 반응 할 수 있다. 기공 열림과 닫힘의 식물의 생체적인 리듬도 관여하므로, $CO_2$의 반응에 대한 해석은 많은 요소들을 고려해야 한다. 세포간극 내강 ($C_i$)의 감소된 $CO_2$에서는 기공을 열린다는 것이 일반적으로 정해진 사실이다. 기공 열림의 정도를 결정하는 것은 삼투 물질이고, $CO_2$가 삼투 물질의 수송에 영향을 준다고 가정하는 것이 $CO_2$가 기공 메커니즘에 영향을 주는 유일한 방법이다. 그러나 $CO_2$가 어떻게 공변세포 내의 삼투물질 농도에 영향을 주는지 그 메커니즘은 불분명하다. 지금까지, $CO_2$는 공변세포의 삼투퍼텐셜을 증가시키는 이온과 유기물이 어떻게 공변세포 막을 통한 수송 메커니즘이 이루어지는지는 알려진 것이 없다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 $CO_2$에 의한 삼투물질들의 공변세포 막 투과성에 대해 초점을 두었다. 잎을 일정한 농도의 $CO_2$에 노출할 때 $CO_2$-관련된 반응들이 나타난다. 빛에 의한 기공 열림의 가설은 $K^+$, $Cl^-$, 슈크로스 그리고 말산$^{2-}$를 포함하는 공변세포 내 삼투물질 농도의 증가에 있다. $CO_2$가 $H^+$를 세포 밖으로 방출하는 것을 나타내는 막의 과분극 (hyperpolarization)을 유도했다는 보고가 있다. 이는 $CO_2$가 막 투과성에 관련된 첫 번째 증거이다. 온전한 잎에서 $CO_2$는 빛에 의해 유도된 막의 과분극보다 3~4 배까지 공변세포의 막 과분극을 유도했다. 이러한 결과들은 $CO_2$가 막 투과성에 영향을 주는 인지질 이중층과 수송단백질의 물리적인 특성에 변화를 초래한다는 것을 의미한다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.255-266
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• 2016

The optimum concentrations of clove oil as an anesthetic for olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and the stress response of the fish to clove oil anesthesia were determined over a range of water temperatures, and investigated in a simulated transport experiment using analysis of various water and physiological parameters. While the time for induction of anesthesia decreased significantly as both the concentration of clove oil and water temperature increased, the recovery time increased significantly (P<0.05). The plasma cortisol concentration in fish at each temperature increased significantly up to 12 h following exposure (P<0.05), then decreased to 48 h (P<0.05). The DO dissolved oxygen concentrations, pH values, and the fish respiratory frequencies decreased over 6 h following exposure to clove oil in all experimental groups (P<0.05), whereas the $NH_4{^+}$ and $CO_2$ concentrations in all experimental groups increased up to 6 h (P<0.05). The pH values and DO concentrations increased with increasing clove oil concentration (P<0.05) in the 6 h following exposure, and the $CO_2$ and $NH_4{^+}$ concentrations and the respiratory frequencies decreased with increasing clove oil concentration (P<0.05). The results of this experiment suggest that clove oil reduced the metabolic activity of olive flounder, thus reducing $NH_4{^+}$ excretion and $O_2$ consumption. In conclusion, clove oil appears to be a cost-effective and efficient anesthetic that is safe for use and non-toxic to the fish and users. Its use provides the potential for improved transportation of olive flounder.