• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.107-125
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• 2005

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the asthma-suppressive and immuno-regulatory effect of NR-HA(Notopterygii Rhizoma Herbal-acupuncture) at Pyesu(BL13) on OVA(ovalbumin)-induced asthma in mice. Methods : C57BL/6 mice out of all the experimental sloops, except the Normal group and the NR-HA group, were sensitized and challenged with OVA. The mice in the NR-HA group and the OVA-NR-HA group were treated with NR-HA(1%) at Pyesu(BL13). The mice in the OVA-Saline group were injected with saline at Pyesu(BL13). The mice in the OVA-Needle-prick group were treated with a single prick with an injection needle at Pyesu(BL13). NR-HA, saline injection and needle prick were administered for 8 weeks, three times a week Results : in vitro 1. The populations of granulocytes, $CD3e^-/CCR3^+$cells, $CD69^+/CD3e^+$ cells, $CD4^+\;cells\;and\;CD23^+/B220^+$ cells in the OVA-induced asthmatic mouse lungs decreased significantly by NR-HAS(Notopterygii Rhizoma Herbal-acupuncture solution). 2. The lung weight and total cells in lung of the OVA-NR-HA group decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-Control group. 3. Total leukocytes and eosinophils in BALF of the OVA-NR-HA group decreas ed significantly compared with those of the OVA-Control group. 4. The collagen accumulation in the lung sections of the OVA-NR-HA group decreased significantly compared with that of the OVA-control group. 5. The concentrations of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IgE in BALF and serum of the OVA-NR-HA group decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA- Control group. 6. The numbers of $Gr-1^+/CD11b^+,\;CCR3^+,\;CD3e^+, \;CD19^+,\;CD3e^+/CD69^+$ cells in the OVA-NR-HA group decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-Control group. 7. The mRNA expressions of $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-5, IL-4 and IL-13 in lung of the OVA-NR-HA group decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA- Control group. 8. The NR-HA group did not show my considerable difference from the Normal group. The OVA-saline group and the OVA-Needle prick group showed suppressive effects on OVA-induced asthma however they were not statistically significant. Conclusion : These results suggest that NR-HA at Pyesu(BL13) is considered to be effective in treating asthma and to be put to practical use in the future asthma clinic.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.221-230
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• 2017

BL(Blended Learning) has been presented as a promising alternative learning approach. BL is defined as a learning approach that combines e-learning and face-to-face classroom learning. The adoption of BL in computer practice class is necessary due to the characteristics of computer practice class itself. This study proposes a research model that examines the determinants of learner's satisfaction of computer practice classes in BL environment. Considering the characteristics of computer practices classes contents and instructor interaction were identified as the determinants. The research model is tested using a questionnaire survey of 141 participants. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to test the reliability and validity of the measurements. The partial least squares (PLS) method was used to validate the measurement and hypotheses. The empirical findings shows that contents easiness and contents constructs are the primary determinants of instructor interaction in BL. Instructor interaction was also found to be related to the learner's satisfaction resulting in re-using. The findings provide insight into the planning and utilizing BL in computer practice classes to enhance learner's satisfaction.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.29-39
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• 2001

Purpose : It has been reported that Oyo-Tang has an effect on allergic asthma clinically. In order to investigate the herbal acupuncture solution of the Oyo-Tang on allergic asthma, the Oyo-Tang herbal-acupuncture(OTHA) was applied on BL13 and ST36 of allergic asthma model of the rats. Methods : Then the concentration of serum IgE and the ratio of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in peripheral blood were measured and compared with control group. Results : The results obtained as follows; 1. The concentration of serum IgE was decreased significantly in both of the OTHA on BL13 group and on ST36 group as compared to control group. 2. The ratio of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in peripheral blood was not different statistically between the normal, the control, the OTHA on BL13 and the OTHA on ST36 group.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.525-532
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• 1995

Chitosan derivative, of a sulfated N-acetyl chitosan was synthesized, and the inhibitory effects of this compound on the experimental and spontaneous lung metastallc B16/BL6 melanoma bearing mice were investigated. Position of substitution with sulfate in water-soluble sulfated derivatives of chitosan were analysed by 13C-nmr. The structure of N-acetyl chitosan 3,6 0-disulfate were confirmed. The tumor growth inhibition of B16/BL6 melanoma cells has been shown at the highest level of 77.6% when sulfated N-acetyl chitosan were administered at the dose of 100mg/kg. In the lung metastasls, the sulfated N-atetyl chitosan was administered to C57BL/6B mice bearing B16/BL6 melanoma cells by I.V. injection and the number of metastasis foci of melanoma were decreased by the dose dependent manner ranging from 20 to 100mg/kg. In the spontaneous metastasis, I.V. administrations of sulfated N-acetyl chitosan after tumor inoculation resulted in marked reduction of metastatic colonies. A sulfated N-acetyl chitosan was able to partially inhibit the tumor cell adhesion by migration to laminin. These results suggested that chitosan derivative, a sulfated N-acetyl chitoasn was able to inhibit to the experimental and spontaneous metastasis models as well as cell adhesion ability.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 1999

Nonpathogenic mutants of Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines were generated with Omegon-Kim to isolate genes essential for pathogenicity and inducing hypersensitive response (HR). Three nonpathogenic multants and two mutants showing slow symptom development were isolated among 1,000 colonies tested. From two nonpathogenic mutants, 8-13 and 26-13, genes homologous to hrcC and hrpF of X. campestris pv. vesicatoria were identified. The nonpathogenic mutant 8-13 had a mutation in a gene homologous to hrpF of X. campestris pv. vesicatoria and failed to cause HR on pepper plants but still induced HR on tomato leaves. The nonpathogenic mutant 26-13 had an insertional mutation in a gene homologous to hrcC of X. campestris pv. vesicatoria and lost the ability to induce HR on pepper leaves but still caused HR on tomato plants. Unlike other phytopathogenic bacteria, the parent strain and these two mutants of X. campestris pv. glycines did not cause HR on tobacco plants. a cosmid clone, pBL1, that complemented the phenotypes of 8-13 was isolated. From the analysis of restriction enzyme mapping and deletion analyses of pBL1, a 9.0-kb Eco RI fragment restored the phenotypes of 8-13. pBL1 failed to complement the phenotypes of 26-13, indicating that the hrcC gene resides outside of the insert DNA of pBL1. One nonpathogenic mutant, 13-33, had a mutation in a gene homologous to a miaA gene encoding tRNA delta (2)-isopentenylpyrophosphate transferase of Escherichia coli. This indicated that tRNA modifications in X. campestris pv. glycines may be required for expression of genes necessary for pathogenicity. The mutant 13-33 multiplied as well as the parent strain did in the culture medium and in planta, indicating that loss of pathogenicity is not due to the inability of multiplication in vivo.

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2009

Background & Objective: Regardless of types of cancer, cancer pain means the pain occurred by tumor itself, caused by complication or side effects during treatment and which is neither directly related to tumor nor treatment. This case was performed to relieve the cancer pain and study the effect of moxibustion to the cancer pain. Method: For 27 days, the patient was treated by moxibustion($MANINA^{(R)}$), acupuncture, herbal medicine and narcotic analgesics. We planned to maintain moxibustion on 8 points of Bladder meridian line(BL13, BL17, BL42, BL43) for 20 minutes. The improvement of the symptom was evaluated by BPI/VAS, and the amount of narcotic analgesics applied. Results: The BPI/VAS was declined and amount of applying narcotic analgesics was decreased. Conclusion: It is suggested that moxibustion on BL13, BL17, BL42, BL43 is useful to relief of cancer pain in left flank area.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.7-14
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• 2016

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the correlation between Cobb's angle and digital infrared thermographic imaging(DITI) on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Methods : A total of 56 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were classified into four groups according to their Cobb's angle. Four groups were made for each increment of $5^{\circ}$: group $5-10^{\circ}$, group $11-15^{\circ}$, group $16-20^{\circ}$, and group $21-25^{\circ}$. Next we checked thermal differences of 6 acupoints(GB21, BL13, BL15, BL20, BL23, BL26) on DITI and analyzed correlation by SPSS ver. 20.0.0 for windows. Results : 1. The average patient age was approximately 13 years old. 2. The majority of patients complained of pain on both sides. 3. Significant correlation was found between group $11-15^{\circ}$ and group $16-20^{\circ}$, group $16-20^{\circ}$ and group $21-25^{\circ}$ on Simsu(BL15) by Duncan test. Conclusion : Using DITI, Simsu(BL15) is expected to be a valid indicator for the diagnosis and treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.167-175
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• 2006

Objectives : We studied the effects of Radix Asteris herbal acupuncture solution (RAHAS) on the type I hypersensitivity. Methods : In vivo, we measured compound 48/80 induced active systemic anaphylactic shock, anti-DNP IgE induced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and acetic acid induced microvascular permeability using ICR mice. In vitro, we showed effects on cytotoxicity and ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase release from RBL-2H3 cells. Results : In vivo, RAHAS pretreatments at $BL_{13}$ and optional points inhibited active systemic anaphylactic shock induced by compound 48/80 and microvascular permeability increased by acetic acid. PCA was only inhibited by RAHAS pretreatments at $BL_{13}$. In vitro, RAHAS treatments inhibited ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase release. Conclusion : These results suggest that RAHAS may be beneficial in the prevention of type I hypersensitive inflammatory response.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.13-24
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the effects of bee venom acupuncture at Shinsu($BL_{23}$) and Daejangsu($BL_{25}$) on neuropathic pain induced by tibial and sural nerve injury in rats. Methods : Neuropathic pain model was made by partial resection of tibial and sural nerve. Three weeks after the neuropathic surgery, bee venom acupuncture was firstly injected at $BL_{23}$ and $BL_{25}$, then we measured withdrawal responses induced by von Frey filament and acetone stimulation. Bee venom acupunctures were injected 6times on every 2days. Measurement of withdrawal responses were conducted on the same days. After bee venom acupuncture injection, expression levels of c-Fos, nocieptin and KOR-3 were observed through using immunohistochemistry. Results : In this experiment, bee venom acupunctures at $BL_{23}$ and $BL_{25}$ decreased levels of withdrawal responses induced by von Frey filament and acetone stimulation respectively. In addtion, expression levels of c-Fos, nociceptin and KOR-3 in central gray part of brain in rats were decreased by bee venom acupuncture. Conclusions : These results imply that bee venom acupuncture was useful to treat patients with neuropathic pain, and related mechanisms were involved in opioid and their receptors such as nociceptin and KOR-3.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.76-79
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• 1996

생강나무 (Libdera obtusiloba BL.)의 페놀성 화합물들을 분리하기 위하여 잎고 줄기의 MeOH 엑스로부터 계통 분획한 EtOAc 분획물은 silica gel column chro-matography로 분리하여 2종의 화합물을 얻었다. IR, UV,$^1H-NMR$, $^13C-NMR$ 등의 분석을 행하여 화학구조를 밝힌 결과 이들 화합물의 화학구조는 잎에서 $quer-cetin-3-O-\alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside(quercitrin),$ 줄기에서는 quercetin $3-O-\beta-D-galactoyranoside(hyperoside)로$ 각각 결정하였다. 이 화합물들은 생강나무에서 처음으로 분리하였다.