• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.105-112
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• 2022

For the commercialization of all-solid-state batteries, it is essential to develop a solid electrolyte that can be operable at room temperature, and it is necessary to manufacture all-solid-state batteries by adopting materials with high ionic conductivity. Therefore, in order to increase the ionic conductivity of the existing oxide-based solid, Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂ (LLZO) doped with heterogeneous elements was used as a filler material (Al and Nb-LLZO). An electrolyte with garnet-type inorganic filler doped was prepared. The binary metal element and the polymer mixture of poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene carbonate) (PEO/PPC) (1:1) are uniformly manufactured at a ratio of 1:2.4, The electrochemical performance was tested at room temperature and 60 ℃ to verify room temperature operability of the all-solid-state battery. The prepared composite electrolyte shows improved ionic conductivity derived from co-doping of the binary elements, and the PPC helps to improve the ionic conductivity, thereby increasing the capacity of all-solid-state batteries at room temperature as well as 60 ℃. It was confirmed that the capacity retention rate was improved.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1985.10a
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• pp.43-46
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• 1985

In this paper, the SAW Comb filter which consists of 1 apodized IDT, 2 uniform IDTs, and the grating reflector is studied. The apodized IDT is designed by utilizing the Chebyshev window function, and the output IDTs are arrayed with 0.5$\mu$sec time delay to obtain the Comb characteristics. And also the frequency response below the first peak is sufficiently suppressed by the grating reflector which is constituted 180 electrodes. In experiment the SAW Comb filter is fablicated by depositing Al on the surface of YZ-LiNbO3 substrate. As the experimental result, the frequency characteristics of the SAW Comb filter are consistent with theoretical values in admitted errors.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.16-21
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• 1993

Alkylbenzenes used as the synthetic lubricant base stocks were composed of the mixture of the various kinds of aromatic hydrocarbons. Their compositions have affected on the quality of synthetic alkylbenzene lubricants. Therefore, the rapid and accurate methods for the composit ional analysis are important. In this study, the compositions of the alkylbenzenes (Hv. LAB, FHv. LAB, Hv, BAB, DAB[HF], DAB[$AlCl_3$]) as synthetic base stocks have been investigated according to six average structural parameters(Tar, Nal, Asub, $\bar{n}$, nb, $T\alpha$) in the view of the molecular structures by $^{13}C-NMR$ spectroscopy. The experimental results of the oxidation $\varepsilon$ thermal stability tests have been related to the results of the molecular structural analysis.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2000.08a
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• pp.22-23
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• 2000

GaAs/AlGaAs나 InGaAs/InGaAsP와 같은 반도체 기판을 이용한 전계광학 광변조기는 LD나 SOA와 같은 광소자와 단일기판 집적이 가능하고 낮은 chirping과 높은 변조대역폭을 갖는 외부광변조기로서의 장점으로 인하여 마이크로파 대역의 초고속광통신소자로 각광을 받아왔다. 특히 진행파의 속도가 정합된 traveling-wave 전극 구조를 갖는 경우 변조대역폭은 30-400Hz에 달하고 있다$^{(1)}$ . 그러나 한편으로는 반도체의 전계광학계수(electro-Optic Coefficient)가 LiNbO$_3$에 비해 10분의 1정도로 작아 상대적으로 동작전압이 커지는 단점이 대두되며 실제 구동전압이 수십 V에 이르고 있다. 이런 단점을 극복하기 위하여 p-i-n 구조를 이용하여 전계 집속도를 높이는 방법이 제안되어 동작전압이 2 V/mm 정도까지 감소하였다$^{(2)}$ . 본 논문에서는 이와 같은 반도체 전계광학 광변조기에서의 소신호 및 대신호 광변조특성을 분석함으로써 보다 높은 변조대역폭과 보다 낮은 동작전압을 갖는 구조를 연구하였다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.407-407
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• 2008

무기EL 디스플레이는 고체재료에 전계를 가했을 때 발광하는 현상을 이용한소자로서, 급속도로 발전을 거듭하고 있으나, 유전체층에 강한전계를 가하여 발광하여야 하므로 낮은 Breakdown voltage와 효율의 한계로 인하여 휘도가 낮고 풀 컬러화 디스플레이 등 의 응용에는 적용되고 있지 못하는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 강유전체 Perovskite 구조를 가지는 ABO3 물질 중 PMN(Lead Magnesium niobate) 과 PZT (Lead Zirconate titanate) 후막을 제조하여 Inorganic EL(Electro Luminance)에 적용하고 소자의 광전특성을 평가하였다. 소자에 사용된 기판은 고온소성에 알맞은 알루미나(Al2O3)기판을 채택 하였으며, 그 위 하부전극으로는 고온소성에 따른 화학적 안정성이 우수한 Au전극을 Screen Printing 하였다. 제조 되어진 PMN후막 페이스트는 PMN(Pb(Mg1/2 Nb2/3)O3) + Glass Frit(Pb-Zn-B) + BaTiO3(99.99%) 로 합성되었으며 하부전극위에 인쇄하였다. 그 다음 PZT sol-gel을 Spin coating으로 도포 하였다. 형광체로 ZnS:Cu.Cl 을 Screen Printing을로 형성하였으며, 평탄화를 위하여 유기물 충을 Screen Printing 공정으로 성막 하였다. 상부전극으로는 DC sputter로 ITO를 증착하여 EL소자 완성 후 Spectro - Chroma meter로 소자특성을 측정하였다. 평탄화를 통한 유기물층에 변화되는 Capacitance를 Oscilloscope로 전압 전류 pulse의 변화에 따른 opto-electronic 특성을 평가하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Crystal Growth Conference
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• 1997.06a
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• pp.145-145
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• 1997

Recent progress of electric technology requires new piezoelectric crystals having superior properties such as zero temperature coefficients and large electromechanical coupling factors. We have developed a series of new leading chandidates, La$_3$Ga5SiO14(langasite, LGS), La3Nb0.5Ga5.5O14(LNG), La3Ta0.5O14(LTG), to satisfy those requirements. High quality LGS, LNG and LTG single crystals, with dimensions of 2 inches in diameter, were successfully grown by the Czochralski method at a pulling rate of 1mm/h. Since no variation of chemical composition was observed when whole melt in a crucible was crystallized, congruency of these compositions was confirmed. Physical constants such as elastic constants, dielectric constants and piezoelectric constants were measured. Filters and oscillators made of grown LGS, LNG and LTG single crystals showed superior properties such as three times wider passband than that of quartz, low insertion loss and easy processing, Langasite family crystals were shown to be superior materials to other known materials such as quartz, LiTaO$_3$, $\alpha$-AlPO$_4$ and Li$_2$B$_4$O7.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.57-62
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• 2022

The plasma resistance of multi-component glasses containing La, Gd, Ti, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, and Ta was analyzed in this study. The plasma etching was performed via inductively coupled plasma-reactive ion etching (ICP-RIE) using CF₄/O₂/Ar mixed gas. After the reaction, the glass with a low fluoride sublimation temperature and high content of P, Si, and Ti elements showed a high etching rate. On the other hand, the glass containing a high fluoride sublimation temperature component such as Ca, La, Gd, Y, and Zr exhibited high plasma resistance because the etch rate was lower than that of sapphire. Glass with low plasma resistance increased surface roughness after etching or nanoholes were formed on the surface, but glass with high plasma resistance showed little change in surface microstructure. Thus, the results of this study demonstrate the potential for the development of plasma-resistant glasses (PRGs) with other compositions besides alumino-silicate glasses, which are conventionally referred to as plasma-resistant glasses.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.179-198
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• 2013

The Boziguoer A-type granitoids in Baicheng County, Xinjiang, belong to the northern margin of the Tarim platform as well as the neighboring EW-oriented alkaline intrusive rocks. The rocks comprise an aegirine or arfvedsonite quartz alkali feldspar syenite, an aegirine or arfvedsonite alkali feldspar granite, and a biotite alkali feldspar syenite. The major rock-forming minerals are albite, K-feldspar, quartz, arfvedsonite, aegirine, and siderophyllite. The accessory minerals are mainly zircon, pyrochlore, thorite, fluorite, monazite, bastnaesite, xenotime, and astrophyllite. The chemical composition of the alkaline granitoids show that $SiO_2$ varies from 64.55% to 72.29% with a mean value of 67.32%, $Na_2O+K_2O$ is high (9.85~11.87%) with a mean of 11.14%, $K_2O$ is 2.39%~5.47% (mean = 4.73%), the $K_2O/Na_2O$ ratios are 0.31~0.96, $Al_2O_3$ ranges from 12.58% to 15.44%, and total $FeO^T$ is between 2.35% and 5.65%. CaO, MgO, MnO, and $TiO_2$ are low. The REE content is high and the total ${\sum}REE$ is $(263{\sim}1219){\times}10^{-6}$ (mean = $776{\times}10^{-6}$), showing LREE enrichment HREE depletion with strong negative Eu anomalies. In addition, the chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the alkaline granitoids belong to the "seagull" pattern of the right-type. The Zr content is $(113{\sim}1246){\times}10^{-6}$ (mean = $594{\times}10^{-6}$), Zr+Nb+Ce+Y is between $(478{\sim}2203){\times}10^{-6}$ with a mean of $1362{\times}10^{-6}$. Furthermore, the alkaline granitoids have high HFSE (Ga, Nb, Ta, Zr, and Hf) content and low LILE (Ba, K, and Sr) content. The Nb/Ta ratio varies from 7.23 to 32.59 (mean = 16.59) and the Zr/Hf ratio is 16.69~58.04 (mean = 36.80). The zircons are depleted in LREE and enriched in HREE. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the zircons are of the "seagull" pattern of the left-inclined type with strong negative Eu anomaly and without a Ce anomaly. The Boziguoer A-type granitoids share similar features with A1-type granites. The average temperature of the granitic magma was estimated at $832{\sim}839^{\circ}C$. The Boziguoer A-type granitoids show crust-mantle mixing and may have formed in an anorogenic intraplate tectonic setting under high-temperature, anhydrous, and low oxygen fugacity conditions.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.119-134
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• 2003

Yuksipryeong two-mica granite presents strongly peraluminous characteristics in both mineralogy and geochemistry. It has high aluminum saturation index with 1.15∼l.20 and high corundum with 2.20∼2.98 wt% CIPW norm. As the color index is <16% and FeO$\^$T/+ MgO + TiO$_2$is average 1.9 wt％, it corresponds to leucogranite. Yuksipryeong two-mica leucogranite shows negative linear trend for TiO$_2$, Al$_2$O$_3$, FeO, Fe$_2$O$_3$, MgO, CaO, K$_2$O, P$_2$O$\_$5/, Rb, Ba, and Sr as SiO$_2$increases, and the positive relation of Zr and Th, which result from feldspar, biotite, apatite and zircon fractionation. Pegmatitic dike has higher SiO$_2$and P$_2$O$\_$5/, but lower another major elements. Yuksipryeong two-mica leucogranite has lower Rb, but higher Ba and Sr than Manaslu, Hercynian two-mica leucogranites, and S-type granites in Lachlan Fold Belt. Pegmatitic dike has higher Rb and Nb but lower Ba, Sr, Zr, Th, and Pb contents than Yuksipryeong two-mica leucogranite, resulting in removing or mobilizing for some trace elements from the granitic melt. Yuksipryeong two-mica leucogranite has total REEs with 95.7∼l23.3 ppm, and chondrite-normalized REE pattern is very steep ((La/Yb)$\_$N/ = 6.9∼24.8), light REEs (LREEs)-enriched End heavy REEs (HREEs)- depleted pattern with low to moderate Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu＊= 0.7∼0.9). While pegmatitic dike has low total REEs with 7.0 ppm, and chondrite-normalized REE pattern is flat-pattern ((La/Yb)$\_$N/ = 2.1) with strong negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu＊= 0.2). The melt compositions having formed two-mica leucogranites depend on not only the source rock but also the amounts of the residual remaining after melting of source rocks. The CaO/Na$_2$O and Rb/Sr-Rb/Ba ratios depend mainly on the composition of source rocks in the strongly peraluminous granite, that is, plagioclase/clay ratio of the source rocks. Yuksipryeong two-mica leucogranite has higher CaO/Na$_2$O and lower Rb/Sr-Rb/Ba ratios than Manaslu and Hercynian two-mica leucogranites (Millevaches and Gueret) derived from clay-rich, plagioclase-poor (polite), which suggest that the probable source rocks for Yuksipryeong two-mica leucogranite is clay-poor, plagioclase-rich quartzofeldspathic rocks. As the concentrations of Al$_2$O$_3$remain nearly constant but those of TiO$_2$increases as increasing temperature in the strong peraluminous melt, the Al$_2$O$_3$/TiO$_2$ratio may reflect relative temperature at which the melts have formed. Comparing the polite-derived Manaslu and Hercynian two- mica leucogranites, Manaslu two-mica leucogranite has higher Al$_2$O$_3$/TiO$_2$ratio than latter, and its melt have formed at relatively lower temperature ($\leq$ 875$^{\circ}C$) than Hercynian two-mica leucogranites. Likewise, comparing the quartzofeldspathic rock-derived granites, Yuksipryeong two-mica granite has higher Al$_2$O$_3$/TiO$_2$, ratio than S-type granites in Lachlan Fold Belt (>875$^{\circ}C$). The melt formed Yuksipryeong two-mica leucogranite are considered to have been formed at temperature at below the maximum 875$^{\circ}C$C$.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.177-193
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• 2009

The Samgwang deposit consists of eight massive mesothermal quartz veins that filled NE and NW-striking fractures along fault zones in Precambrian granitic gneiss of the Gyeonggi massif. The mineralogy and paragenesis of the veins allow two separate discrete mineralization episodes(stage I=quartz and calcite stage, stage II-calcite stage) to be recognized, temporally separated by a major faulting event. The ore minerals are contained within quartz and calcite associated with fracturing and healing of veins that occurred during both mineralization episodes. The hydrothermal alteration of stage I is sericitization, chloritization, carbonitization, pyritization, silicification and argillization. Sericitic zone occurs near and at quartz vein and include mainly sericite, quartz, and minor illite, carbonates and chlorite. Chloritic zone occurs far from quartz vein and is composed of mainly chlorite, quartz and minor sericite, carbonates and epidote. Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratios of sericite and chlorite range 0.45 to 0.50(0.48$\pm$0.02) and 0.74 to 0.81(0.77$\pm$0.03), and belong to muscovite-petzite series and brunsvigite, respectiveIy. Calculated $Al_{IV}$-FE/(FE+Mg) diagrams of sericite and chlorite suggest that this can be a reliable indicator of alteration temperature in Au-Ag deposits. Calculated activities of chlorite end member are $a3(Fe_5Al_2Si_3O_{10}(OH)_6$=0.0275${\sim}$0.0413, $a2(Mg_5Al_2Si_3O_{10}(OH)_6$=1.18E-10${\sim}$7.79E-7, $a1(Mg_6Si_4O_{10}(OH)_6$=4.92E-10${\sim}$9.29E-7. It suggest that chlorite from the Samgwang deposit is iron-rich chlorite formed due to decreasing temperature from high temperature(T>450$^{\circ}C$). Calculated ${\alpha}Na^+$, ${\alpha}K^+$, ${\alpha}Ca^{2+}$, ${\alpha}Mg^{2+}$ and pH values during wallrock alteration are 0.0476($400^{\circ}C$), 0.0863($350^{\circ}C$), 0.0154($400^{\circ}C$), 0.0231($350^{\circ}C$), 2.42E-11($400^{\circ}C$), 7.07E-10($350^{\circ}C$), 1.59E-12($400^{\circ}C$), 1.77E-11($350^{\circ}C$), 5.4${\sim}$6.4($400^{\circ}C$), 5.3${\sim}$5.7($350^{\circ}C$)respectively. Gain elements(enrichment elements) during wallrock alteration are $TiO_2$, $Fe_2O_3(T)$,CaO, MnO, MgO, As, Ag, Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, W, V, Br, Cs, Rb, Sc, Bi, Nb, Sb, Se, Sn and Lu. Elements(Ag, As, Zn, Sc, Sb, Rb, S, $CO_2$) represents a potential tools for exploration in mesothermal and epithermal gold-silver deposits.