• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.240-245
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• 1993

The optimum pH and temperature for the purified extracellular enzyme activity were 8.0 and 37$^{\circ}C$, respectively. NaCl was required for the activation of the enzyme and optimum concentration was 0.5M. This enzyme activity was inhibited by HgC $l_2$, CoC $l_2$ and ZnC $l_2$ and stimulated by CaC $l_2$. The activity of enzyme was increased by L-cysteine and 2-mercaptoethanol, but decreased by ο-phenanthroline, $\rho$-CMB, EDTA and iodoacetate. The $K_{m}$ and $V_{max}$ values of extracellular enzyme appeared as 0.717% and 15.39U/mg, respectively.y.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.358-364
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• 2003

Gross energy intake fecal, nitrogen excretory and metabolized energy of snotted halibut juvenile, Eopsetta grigorjewi, fed on Tigriopus iaponicus (Group A) and the enriched Artemia nauplii (Group B), were quantitatively investigated and represented as balance equations of energy and material. Absorption efficiency (AE), gross conversion efficiency $(K_1)$ and net conversion efnciency $(K_2)$ were also estimated to understand the changes in efficiency by the prey Gross energy intake, fecal, nitrogen excretory, metabolized and growth energy of Group A were $2.790\pm0.247,\;0.495\pm0.046,\;0.018\pm0.003,\;0.214\pm0.047\;cal\;mg^{-1}\;day^{-1}$ and $2.063\;cal\;mg^{-1}\;day^{-1},$ respectively. The same parameters of Group B were $4.801\pm0.165,\;0.579\pm0.031,\;0.055\pm0.010,\;0.306\pm0.048\;cal\;mg^{-1}\;day^{-1}$ and $3.861\;cal\;mg^{-1}\;day^{-1},$ respectively. Energy budget of Group A and B were represented as 100 C= 7.67 M+17.7 F+0.65 U+73.94 G and 100C=6.37 M+ 12.1 F+1.15 U+80.42 G, respectively, where C, M, F, U, and G represent gross energy intake, metabolized energy, fecal energy, nitrogen excretory (non-fecal) energy and growth energy, respectively. AEs of Croup A and B were $81.52\pm1.89,\;86.79\pm0.70\%,$ respectively, with significant difference at p=0.01 level. However, $K_1\;and K_2$ of Group A and B showed no significant difference at p=0.01 level, with $74.21\pm6.57,\;80.48\pm2.76\%\;and\;91.17\pm7.26,\;92.74\pm2.69\%$ respectively. These results suggest that T. japonicus is a possible substitute for Artemia nauplii for the snotted halibut juvenile.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.141-154
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• 2005

Objectives : This study was planned to evaluate clinical status of the alopecia patients who had visited oriental medicine clinic. Methods : 80 patients with alopecia, who had visited oriental medicine clinic from January 2004 to August 2004, were examined. Results & Conclusions : 1. The kinds and incidences of Alopecia : androgenetic alopecia 57.5%(46/80), alopecia areatea 20.0%(16/80), telogen effluvium 16.3%(13/80), seborrheic alopecia 6.3%(5/80). 2. In distribution of sex, the rate of male to female was 1:1 and most patients belonged to 20-30 year old group. 3. The most common onset of age was adolescence(63.8%) and the most common duration of hair loss was 1 to 3 years. 4. Among the 30 male androgenetic alopecia patients, Hamilton's type 4 was most common and among the 16 female androgenetic alopecia patients, Ludwig's type II and III were most common. 5. Family history of baldness in Androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata were 56.5% and 25.0%, respectively. 6. Self-conscious causes of hair loss : stress(48.8%), irregular eating habits(21.3%), and lack of sleep(20.0%). 7. Associated diseases with alopecia patients : chronic neck pain(58.8%), temporomandibular disorders(55.0%) and seborrheic dermatitis(20.0%). 8. Associated symptoms with alopecia Patients : stress(78.8%), sleep disorders(68.8%), irregular eating habits(55.0%), Hot flush(43.8%), Stool disorders(43.8%), cold hands and feet(37.5%) and menstruation disorders(31.3%). 9. The most common scalp type was oily scalp(70.0%) and the symptoms of scalp were iching, dandruff, pain, inflammation. 10. $Bi{\grave{a}}n$ $zh{\grave{e}}ng$(辨證) of alopecia patients : $xu{\grave{e}}-r{\grave{e}}-f{\bar{e}}ng-z{\grave{a}}u$(血熱風燥) (25.0%), $g{\bar{a}}n-sh{\grave{e}}n-b{\grave{u}}-z{\acute{u}}$(肝腎不足) (23.8%), $shi-r{\grave{e}}-sh{\grave{a}}ng-zh{\bar{e}}ng$(濕熱上蒸) (16.3%), $xu{\grave{e}}-r{\grave{e}}-sh{\bar{e}}ng-f{\bar{e}}ng$(血熱生風) (13.8%), $xu{\grave{e}}-x{\bar{u}}-f{\bar{e}}ng-z{\grave{a}}u$(血熱風燥) (13.8%), $y{\bar{u}}-xu{\grave{e}}-z{\check{u}}-lu{\grave{o}}$(瘀血阻絡) (7.5%).

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2009

The current study was designed to evaluate the effects of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated with a xanthine (X) and xanthine oxidase system (XO) on sperm function and DNA fragmentation in porcine spermatozoa. ROS were produced by a combination of $1,000{\mu}M$ X and 50 mU/ml XO. The ROS scavengers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) (200 U/ml) and catalase (CAT) (500 U/ml) were also tested. Spermatozoa were incubated for 2 hours in BWW medium with a combination of X-XO supplemented with or without antioxidants at $37^{\circ}C$ under 5% $CO_2$ incubator. Ca-ionophore-induced acrosome reaction, the proportion of swollen spermatozoa under hypo-osmotic condition, malondialdehyde formation for the analysis of lipid peroxidation, and the proportion of DNA fragmentation were determined after 2 hours incubation. The action of ROS on porcine spermatozoa resulted in decreased Ca-ionophore-induced acrosome reaction and membrane integrity, increased the formation of malondialdehyde, and the proportion of sperm with DNA fragmentation(p<0.05). The toxic effects caused by ROS were completely alleviated by CAT in terms of sperm function and characteristics, however SOD did not serve the same scavenger effect as CAT. To conclude, the ROS can cause significant damage to porcine sperm functions and characteristics, which can be minimized by the use of antioxidants.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.1434-1444
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• 2013

We established a two-step production process using immobilized S. cerevisiae and P. stipitis yeast to produce ethanol from seaweed (U. pertusa Kjellman) hydrolysate. The process was designed to completely consume both glucose and xylose. In particular, the yeasts were immobilized using DEAE-corncob and DEAE-cotton, respectively. The first step of the process included a continuous column reactor using immobilized S. cerevisiae, and the second step included a repeated-batch reactor using immobilized P. stipitis. It was verified that the glucose and xylose in 20 L of medium containing the U. pertusa Kjellman hydrolysate was converted completely to about 5.0 g/l ethanol through the two-step process, in which the overall ethanol yield from total reducing sugar was 0.37 and the volumetric ethanol productivity was 0.126 g/l/h. The volumetric ethanol productivity of the two-step process was about 2.7 times greater than that when P. stipitis was used alone for ethanol production from U. pertusa Kjellman hydrolysate. In addition, the overall ethanol yield from glucose and xylose was superior to that when P. stipitis was used alone for ethanol production. This two-step process will not only contribute to the development of an integrated process for ethanol production from glucose-and xylose-containing biomass hydrolysates, but could also be used as an alternative method for ethanol production.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.37-42
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• 2015

Purpose: Apartment is a typical residential type in Korea. In the past, apartment types were very monotonous. But today, the types of complex are changed because personal needs have been diversified and personalized. In order to meet those needs, construction companies are constructing various types of apartments. The more apartment types are diverse, the more the energy problems are taken place. So, the purpose of this study is to solve the problem of energy gap in the same complex through improving the thermal transmittance of wall. Method: Heating energy consumption of Building Energy Efficiency Rating System and heating energy usage of apartment show a similar trend on the graph. In order to identify the best position of heating energy consumption difference reduction, we change the building's U-value of front, back, side walls. Result: In the A complex, maximum and minimum heating energy consumption building's shapes are flat. the best efficiency is side U-value change and the worst is front change. In the E complex, maximum heating energy consumption building's shape is tower and minimum building shape is flat. Consequently, the front and back wall performance change was little effect to reduce energy gap, while the change of side wall's U-value show the great reduction between building's energy consumptions.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.112-122
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• 2020

This study investigated some enzymatic properties and bitterness improvement of an aminopeptidase retentate fraction (ARF) from common squid Todarodes pacificus hepatopancreas extract (HPE), obtained by ultrafiltration with a 10 kDa molecular weight cut off membrane. Endoprotease and aminopeptidase (AP) activity, and the purity of the ARF (>10 kDa) increased by 6.69-18.11 U/mg and 1.5-2.6 fold, respectively, compared to HPE (2.63-9.37 U/mg). The AP activity toward LeuPNA was stable at 20-55℃ and pH 5-9, but decreased slightly with increasing concentration of NaCl in the reaction mixture. The ARF was the most active MetPNA and preferentially hydrolyzed Glu, Leu and AlaPNA. The bitterness tryptic casein hydrolysates (BTCHs) were treated with ARF, and the bitterness of ARF-BTCHs significantly decreased with increasing amounts of released amino acids Ala, Val, Met, Ile and Leu, which show strong correlations with bitterness. Therefore, the ARF of T. pacificus HPE obtained by ultrafiltration may have a considerable potential for application in protein hydrolysis and appears to be ideally suited to the purpose of lowing bitterness in protein hydrolysates.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.31 no.3 s.62
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• pp.449-459
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• 1998

This study was started to find out if plasma malondialdehyde(MDA), $\alpha-tocopherol$ and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity could be markers of biological activity resulting from exposed to lead in workers. Blood samples were randomly obtained from lead-exposed workers(n=29), $CO_2$, welders(n=60) and office workers(n=60). We used whole blood to analyse blood lead with atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Superoxide dismutase activity in erythrocyte was measured with spetrophotometer. MDA and $\alpha-tocopherol$ in plasma were measured with high performance liquid chromatography. Lead-exposed workers was significantly high in blood lead concentration$(29.37{\mu}g/d\ell)$ compared with welders$(6.42{\mu}g/d\ell)$ and office workers$(5.01{\mu}g/d\ell)$. The level of plasma MDA was significantly higher in the lead-exposed workers($1.87{\mu}mol/g$ cholesterol) than the welders($1.41{\mu}mol/g$ cholesterol) and office workers($1.41{\mu}mol/g$ cholesterol). Erythrocyte SOD activity in lead-exposed workers(56.80 U/g Hb) was significantly increased than those of welders(37.63 U/g Hb) and office workers(20.47 U/g Hb). The plasma $\alpha-tocopherol$ level of lead-exposed workers($4.93{\mu}g/g$ cholesterol) was statistically different from welders($4.25{\mu}g/g$ cholesterol) and office workers$4.28{\mu}g/g$ cholesterol). Neither age nor smoking was related to SOD or MDA level. Blood lead was significantly correlated with erythrocyte SOD activity(r=0.405), plasma MDA(r=0.296) and $\alpha-tocopherol$ (r=0.207). Plasma MDA was also significantly correlated with SOD (r=0.217). In multiple regression analysis, the change of MDA and SOD activity level related to the blood lead concentration. These results suggested that the increase of plasma MDA and erythrocyte SOD activity in lead-exposed workers had a close relationship with the oxidative stress induced by lead.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.204-211
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• 2015

For this study, we designed an implantable rectangular spiral antenna for medical biotelemetry in the Medical Implant Communications Service band (402 MHz to 405 MHz). The designed antenna has a U-shaped loop for impedance matching. The antenna impedance is easily adjusted by controlling the shape and length of the U-shaped loop. Significant design parameters were studied to understand their effects on the antenna performance. To verify the potential of the antenna for the desired applications, we fabricated a prototype and measured its performance in terms of the resonant characteristics and gain radiation patterns of the antenna. In the testing phase, the prototype antenna was embedded in human skin tissue-emulating gel, which was developed to simulate a real operation environment. The measured resonant characteristics show good agreement with the simulations, and the -10 dB frequency band is within the range of 398 MHz to 420 MHz. The antenna exhibits a maximum gain of -22.26 dBi and an antenna efficiency of 0.215%.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.461-467
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of method for construction of cast post and type of dental cement on the retention of cast post. The wax patterns or Duralay resin patterns were used for construction of cast post. The dental cements used in this study were zinc phosphate cement(Fleck's zinc cement, Mizzy INc., U.S.A.), glass ionomer cement(Fuji I, G-C Co., Japan), and resin cement(Panavia-EX, Kuraray Co., Japan) and the retention of cast post was measured with Instron Universal Test Machine(Instron Engineering Co., U.S.A.). The obtained results were as follows : 1. The tensile bond strength of cast posts made by Duralay resin patterns revealed 39.13(kg) with Panavia-EX, 46.40(kg) with phosphate cement, and 37.78(kg) with glass ionomer cement. 2. The tensile bond strength of cast posts made by wax patterns revealed 39.25(kg) with Panavia, EX, 44.12(kg) with phosphate cement, and 40.23(kg) with glass ionomer cement. 3. The tensile bond strength of cast posts made by Duralay resin patterns or wax patterns were not affected by the type of dental cements(P>0.05).