• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.28-39
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• 2011

Objectives: SaengRyoSaMulTang is a herbal formula in Oriental Medicine, known anti-allergens. However, its mechanism and cellular targets have not been found yet. Thus the study has developed to investigate the suppressive effect of SaengRyoSaMulTang. Methods: In the study, cellular viability, IL-4, IL-13 mRNA expression, IL-4, IL-13 production, manifestations of GATA-1, GATA-2, NF-AT1, NF-AT2, AP-1 and NF-${\kappa}$B p65 transcription factors were examined by Real-Time PCR, ELISA analysis and western blotting. Results: As a result of treating with SaengRyoSaMulTang extract(SRSMT), the study has shown that the amount of Th2 cytokines, which include PI induced IL-4 and IL-13, plays a significant role in suppressing effect. RBL-2H3 mast cells significantly suppressed the PI-induced Th2 cytokine production including IL-4 and IL-13 in a dose dependent manner. PI-induced IL-4 and IL-13 production was significantly suppressed by SRSMT intervention. Western blot analysis of transcription factors involving IL-4 and IL-13 expression also revealed a prominent decreases of mast cell's specific transcription factors including GATA-1, GATA-2, NF-AT2, c-Jun and c-Fos, but NF-${\kappa}$B p65. Conclusions: The study suggests that the anti-allergenic activities of SRSMT may regulate the transcription factors GATA-1, GATA-2, NF-AT2, c-Jun and c-Fos inhibiting Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 in mast cells.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.882-890
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• 2000

Ab initio calculations are carried out on protonation equilibria of 5-memberedheteroaromatic aldehydes (5MHAs;heteroatom Y = NH, O, PH,and S and substituentZ = NH2, OCH3, SCH3, CH3, H, Cl, CHO, CN,NO2) at the $MP2}6-31G*$ level. Naturalbond orbital (NBO) analyses show that the optimal localized natural Lewis structures of the protonated aldehydes,(P), are ortho (C3) protonated (for Y = O, PH and S) and N-pro-tonated (for Y = NH) forms in contrast to the standard structural Lewis formula for aldehydes, (R). The delo-calizability of ${\pilone}-pairon$ the heteroatom $(n{\pi}(Y))$ is in the order Y = NH > O > S > PH. The transmission efficiency of (Z) substituent effects to the carbonyl moiety run parallel to the delocalizability of $n{\pi}(Y)$ for R,but is dominantly influenced by the cationic charge on $C{\alpha}(C{\alpha}+)$ for P, which is in the reverse order of thede-localizability of $n{\pi}(Y).$ The Hammett ${\rho}values$ for variation of Z in the protonation are determined by the dif-ference in the transmission efficiencies between Pand R stateat simple interpretation of their magnitude is not warranted. However,the magnitude of the gas-phase ${\rho}z+$ values decreases as the level ofcomputation is raised from RHF/3-21G* to RHF/6-31G* and to $MP2}6-31G*$ but increases again at the MP4SDQ/6-31G* level. Further decrease occurs when solvent effect (water) is accounted for by the SCRF method. Comparison of the SCRF ${\rho}z+values$ with those determined in the aqueous acid solution for Y = S and CHCH shows inadequacy of accounting for the solvent effects on the ${\rho}values$ by a continuum model. It is noteworthy that semiempirical calculations, especially theAM1 method, give even lower magnitude of the gas-phase ${\rho}values.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.225-234
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• 1971

With the advance of civilization and steadily increasing population rivalry and competition for the use of the sewage, culverts, farm irrigation and control of various types of flood discharge have developed and will be come more and more keen in the future. The author has tried to calculated a formula that could adjust these conflicts and bring about proper solutions for many problems arising in connection with these conditions. The purpose of this study is to find out effective sewage, culvert, drainage, farm irrigation, flood discharge and other engineering needs in the Taegu area. If demands expand further a new formula will have to be calculated. For the above the author estimated methods of control for the probable expected rainfall using a formula based on data collected over a long period of time. The formula is determined on the basis of the maximum daily rainfall data from 1921 to 1971 in the Taegu area. 1. Iwai methods shows a highly significant correlation among the variations of Hazen, Thomas, Gumbel methods and logarithmic normal distribution. 2. This study obtained the following major formula: ${\log}(x-2.6)=0.241{\xi}+1.92049{\cdots}{\cdots}$(I.M) by using the relation $F(x)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{\pi}}{\int}_{-{\infty}}^{\xi}e^{-{\xi}^2}d{\xi}$. ${\xi}=a{\log}_{10}\(\frac{x+b}{x_0+b}\)$ ($-b<x<{\infty}$) ${\log}(x_0+b)=2.0448$ $\frac{1}{a}=\sqrt{\frac{2N}{N-1}}S_x=0.1954$. $b=\frac{1}{m}\sum\limits_{i=1}^{m}b_s=-2.6$ $S_x=\sqrt{\frac{1}{N}\sum\limits^N_{i=1}\{{\log}(x_i+b)\}^2-\{{\log}(x_0+b)\}^2}=0.169$ This formule may be advantageously applicable to the estimation of flood discharge, sewage, culverts and drainage in the Taegu area. Notation for general terms has been denoted by the following. Other notations for general terms was used as needed. $W_{(x)}$ : probability of occurranec, $W_{(x)}=\int_{x}^{\infty}f_{(n)}dx$ $S_{(x)}$ : probability of noneoccurrance. $S_{(x)}=\int_{-\infty}^{x}f_(x)dx=1-W_{(x)}$ T : Return period $T=\frac{1}{nW_{(x)}}$ or $T=\frac{1}{nS_{(x)}}$ $W_n$ : Hazen plot $W_n=\frac{2n-1}{2N}$ $F_n=1-W_x=1-\(\frac{2n-1}{2N}\)$ n : Number of observation (annual maximum series) P : Probability $P=\frac{N!}{{t!}(N-t)}F{_i}^{N-t}(1-F_i)^t$ $F_n$ : Thomas plot $F_n=\(1-\frac{n}{N+1}\)$ N : Total number of sample size $X_l$ : $X_s$ : maximum, minumum value of total number of sample size.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1997년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집; 한국전력공사 서울연수원; 17-18 Oct. 1997
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• pp.704-707
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• 1997

In this paper, we present a fuzzy logic based tuner for continuous on-line tuning of PID controllers. The essential idea of the scheme is to parameterize a Ziegler-Nichols-like tuning formula by a singler parameter .alpha., then to use an on line fuzzy logic to self-tune the parameter. The adaptive scaling makes the controller robust against large variations in parametric and dynamics uncertainties in the plant model. New self-tuning controller has the ability to decide when to use PI or PID control by extracting process dynamics from relay experiments. These scheme lead to improved performance of the transient and steady state behavior of the closed loop system, including processes with nonminimum phase processes.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.20-24
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• 1980

Benzologous pyridine계 리간드의 프론티어전자밀도와 pK값을 단순 Huckel 분자궤도함수법을 이용하여 계산하였다. 이들 리간드의 양성자 첨가과정에서 이론적인 pK 값을 구하는 기본식을 유도하였으며, 이 식을 이용하여 계산한 pK값은 실험치와 잘 일치하였으며, 리간드내의 질소원자 위치에 대한 $\pi$ 전자밀도와 사이에는 병행관계가 성립됨을 보여주었다. 또한 리간드의 프론티어전자밀도의 분포로서 친전자적, 친핵적, 라디칼반응에 대하여 각각 조사하였다.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.881-893
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• 1997

E. M. Silvia introduced the class $S^\lambda_\alpha$ of $\alpha$-spirallike functions f(z) satisfying the condition $$ (A) Re[(e^{i\lambda} - \alpha) \frac{zf'(z)}{f(z)} + \alpha \frac{(zf'(z))'}{f'(z)}] > 0, $$ where $\alpha \geq 0, $\mid$\lambda$\mid$ < \frac{\pi}{2}$ and $$\mid$z$\mid$ < 1$. We will generalize Silvia class of functions by formally replacing f(z) in the denominator of (A) by a spirallike function g(z). We denote the new class of functions by $Y(\alpha,\lambda)$. In this note we obtain some results for the class $Y(\alpha,\lambda)$ including integral representation formula, relations between our class $Y(\alpha,\lambda)$ and Ziegler class $Z_\lambda$, the radius of convexity problem, a few coefficient estimates and a covering theorem for the class $Y(\alpha,\lambda)$.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2007

A pedagogic model for blood flow is introduced to help medicine majors understand a simplified version of Navier-Stokes equations which is known to be a good tool for interpreting the phenomena in blood flow. The pressure gradient consists of a time-independent part known as Hagen-Poiseuille's gradient and a time-dependent part known as Sexl's, and the model formula for the volume rate of blood flow is reduced to a very simple form. For demonstration, the blood rate in human aorta system is analyzed in connection with the time-dependence of pressure gradient. It is shown for Sexl's part that the flow rate lags the pressure gradient by ${\pi}/2$, which is thought to be due to the relaxation process involved.

• 한국전자파학회지:전자파기술
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.36-47
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• 1994

업링크와 다운링크 경로상에 각각 가산성 백색 가우스잡음이 존재하는 이동 위성 통신로에서 $\pi$1VTA의 비선 형성에 의한 BPSK신호와 QPSK선호의 오율성능을 조사하였다. 다운렁크 정로상의 페이딩은 Rician 분포를 한다고 가정하였다. 또한 선택적 다이버시티에 대한 효과를 분석하였다. 선택적 다이버시티의 확률빌도함수에 관한 N차 모멘트를 구하였으며, 선택적 다이버시타의 확률밀도함수에 대한 근사 이산 확률분포를 고전적인 모 멘트 기법 (CMT)을 이용하여 유도하였다. 오율은 Gauss Quadrature Formula와 근사 이산 확률 분포를 이용 하여 계산하였다.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2008년도 정기총회 및 학술발표대회
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• pp.295-298
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• 2008

유체내에 잠겨있는 물체의 진동은 공기력을 유발시키며 이러한 공기력에 의해 발생되는 진동을 물체의 거동에 의해 발생되는 가진이라 한다. 또한 물체에 작용하는 외부 공기력이 없이도 물체의 주기적인 움직임에 의해 발생되는 에너지로부터 공기력을 생성시킨다. 이러한 메커니즘에 의해 생성되는 공기력을 공기자발력(self-excited force) 이라 하며 교량의 내풍안정성과 관련이 있다. 본 논문에서는 MIE 메커니즘에 의해 발생되는 플루터 현상을 수학적으로 살펴보고, 단일모드에 대한 플러터계수를 이용한 플러터 발생풍속 산정식을 유도하였다. 또한 준정상 이론을 적용하여 단일모드에 대한 플러터 발생 예측식을 간략화하였다. 제안된 식의 플러터 발생풍속을 구조물의 진동수비가 서로 다른 3개의 $\pi$형 단면에 대해 검토하였다.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.551-566
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• 2022

We apply Fourier-Legendre-based integration methods that had been given by Campbell in 2021, to evaluate new rational double hypergeometric sums involving ${\frac{{1}}{\pi}}$. Closed-form evaluations for dilogarithmic expressions are key to our proofs of these results. The single sums obtained from our double series are either inevaluable $_2F_1({\frac{4}{5}})$- or $_2F_1({\frac{1}{2}})$-series, or Ramanujan's ₃F₂(1)-series for the moments of the complete elliptic integral K. Furthermore, we make use of Ramanujan's finite sum identity for the aforementioned ₃F₂(1)-family to construct creative new proofs of Landau's asymptotic formula for the Landau constants.