• 폴리머
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.130-135
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• 2011

전자 기기의 빠른 발전에 따른 무선 기기들의 사용은 급격히 늘어나고 있다. 그래서 이런 제품에 자가 발전이 가능한 재료를 적용시키는 사례가 점차 늘고 있다. 여기에 사용되는 재료로서 poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)가 있는데 PVDF는 piezoelectricity를 낼 수 있는 특별한 결정구조인 ${\beta}$-phase를 가지고 있다. 이 논문에서는 piezoelectricity에 결정적인 영향인 ${\beta}$-phase 함량을 증가시키기 위해 다층 PVDF 필름을 제조하였다. 이 PVDF 필름은 용매인 DMAc에 10%로 용해시킨 깃으로 spin rate는 850 rpm, spin time은 60초이며 건조온도는 $60^{\circ}C$이다. 비교적으로 다층 필름은 단열 층보다 더 높은 ${\beta}$-phase함량을 나타내었다 이 ${\beta}$-phase함량은 4-layer 필름이 되기까지 점차 증가되었으며 최대 함량은 7.72이다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.712-715
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• 2016

In this paper, we fabricated flexible CNT/PVDF piezoelectric composite device by introducing CNTs (carbon nanotubes) into PVDF (poly-vinylidene fluoride) solution using spray coating technique. Flexible PEDOT:PSS conducting polymer was used as electrodes. We tried to improve the piezoelectric performance from the CNT/PVDF composite film by increasing the portion of the ${\beta}$-phase PVDF in the film. We confirmed the structural conformation of the CNT/PVDF composite film as a function of CNT concentration by using FT-IR (fourier transform infra-red). As increasing CNT concentration, portion of the ${\beta}$-phase PVDF and resulting piezoelectric performance increased in the CNT/PVDF composite film. We found that CNTs introduced were played as seeds for formation of the ${\beta}$-phase PVDF in the CNT/PVDF composite film and resulting improvement of the piezoelectric performance.

• Composites Research
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.123-128
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• 2013

PVDF(polyvinylidene fluoride) 섬유는 습식방사방법을 적용하여 제조하였다. PVDF 분자 내 압전 특성과 밀접한 관련을 갖는 ${\beta}$형태의 결정 함량을 높이기 위하여, 본 연구에서는 습식방사 된 섬유에 1단계 연신, 2단계 어닐링 공정으로 구성하여 후 처리를 도입하였다. 후 처리는 PVDF 고분자의 유리전이 온도($T_g$)와 용융온도($T_m$) 사이의 온도범위에서 진행하여, 최대의 ${\beta}$형태 결정을 생성 할 수 있는 열처리 조건을 최적화 하였다. 제조된 PVDF 섬유 내 분자 배향 특성과 결정 구조를 확인하기 위하여 적외선 분광 광도계(FT-IR)와 X선 회절 분석기(XRD)를 이용하여 분석하였으며, 전자현미경(SEM)을 통하여 섬유의 표면을 관찰하여 섬유의 평균직경을 확인하였다. 분석 결과, 후 처리 공정이 PVDF 결정 구조의 영향을 미치며, ${\beta}$형태의 결정 비율을 증가시킨다는 것을 확인하였다. 더불어 ${\beta}$형태 결정 향상으로 인해 기계적 강도가 증가되었으며, 압전 특성 향상까지 기대할 수 있었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.550-554
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• 2013

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) / polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric composite films for nanogenerator devices were fabricated by spray coating method. When the CNT/PVDF mixture solution passes through the spray nozzle with small diameter by the compressed nitrogen gas, electric charges are generated in the liquid by a triboelectric effect. Then randomly distributed ${\beta}$ phase PVDF film could be re-oriented by the electric field resulting from the accumulated electrical charges, and might be resulted in extremely one-directionally aligned ${\beta}$ phase PVDF film without additional electric field for poling. X-ray diffraction patterns were used to investigate crystal structure of the CNT/PVDF composite films. It was confirmed that they revealed extremely large portion of the ${\beta}$ phase PVDF crystalline in the film. Therefore we could obtain the poled CNT/PVDF piezoelectric composite films by the spray coating method without additional poling process.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제45회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.256-256
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• 2013

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) / polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric composite films for nanogenerator devices were fabricated by spray coating method. When the CNT/PVDF mixture solution passes through the spray nozzle with small diameter by the compressed nitrogen gas, electric charges are generated in the liquid by a triboelectric effect. Then randomly distributed ${\beta}$ phase PVDF film could be re-oriented by the electric field resulting from the accumulated electrical charges, and might be resulted in extremely one-directionally aligned ${\beta}$ phase PVDF film without additional electric field for poling. X-ray diffraction patterns were used to investigate crystal structure of the CNT/PVDF composite films. It was confirmed that they revealed extremely large portion of the ${\beta}$ phase PVDF crystalline in the film. Therefore we could obtain the poled CNT/PVDF piezoelectric composite films by the spray coating method without additional poling process. Charge accumulation and resulting electric field generation mechanism by spray coating method were shown in Fig. 1. The capacitance of the CNT/PVDF films increased by adding CNTs into the PVDF matrix, and finally saturated. However, the I-V curves didn't show any saturation effect in the CNT concentration range of 0~4 wt%. Therefore we can control the performance of the devices fabricated from the CNT/PVDF composite film by adjusting the current level resulted from the CNT concentration with the uniform capacitance value.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제40권8호
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• pp.565-571
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 전압을 인가하는 진공 증착법으로 PVDF 박막을 제작하였으며, PVDF 박막들의 적외선 흡수 분포 결정화 특성을 분석한 결과, 조건에 따른 표면 형상 등의 분석을 기초로 하여 β 상을 가지는 PVDF 박막의 증착을 위한 조건을 구하였다. 적외선 흡수 분포를 통하여 제작된 PVDF 박막의 상을 조사하였으며, 기판 온도와 인가 전압이 각각 30℃ 에서 90℃ 로, 0kV 에서 9kV 로 증가하면서 64% 이상의 β 결정화 특성을 나타내었는데 이는 기판온도와 인가 전압의 증가에 따라 P 상으로의 상변이가 더 용이하게 이루어질 수 있음을 의미하는 것이다. 한편, 기판 온도가 증가함에 따라서 제작된 PVDF 박막의 표면 거칠기는 65.1nm 에서 36.6nm 로 감소하는 특성을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과들을 기초로 β형 PVDF 박막을 위한 최적 증착조건을 구하였으며, 이 최적 증착조건을 이용하여 PVDF 박막을 제작하여 유전특성을 측정한 결과, 비유전률과 유전손실은 주파수가 증가함에 따라 각각 2.34 에서 0.44 로, 0.27 에서 0.04 로 감소하였다.

• 폴리머
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.605-609
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• 2011

전기방사법과 열처리 공정을 통하여 PVDF-$SiO_2$ 복합나노섬유를 제조하였으며, 얻어진 나노섬유는 서로 연결된 기공으로 이루어진 적층 구조를 하고 있었다. 즉, 전기방사로 제조된 나노섬유는 직경이 380 nm, 기공도가 80% 이상인 다공성막을 형성하였다. TEM 사진과 EDX 스펙트라의 분석 결과로부터 $SiO_2$가 나노섬유에 균일하게 분산되어 존재한다는 것이 확인되었다. 또한 전기방사법의 도입에 의해 나노섬유의 기공도가 현저히 개선되었다. ATR-FTIR 및 XRD 분석 결과 복합나노섬유 상에서 PVDF는 ${\alpha}$-phase와 ${\beta}$-phase가 혼재되어 있는 결정구조를 가지고 있었으며, 열처리에 의해서 PVDF의 ${\alpha}$-phase가 증가하였으며, 이로 인해 결정화도가 증가하였다. 특히, 기계적 강도, 열적 특성 및 소수성은 열처리 공정에 의해서 매우 증가되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.94-97
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• 2018

Lead zirconate titanate/poly-vinylidene fluoride (PZT/PVDF) piezoelectric devices were fabricated by incorporating carbon nanotubes (CNTs), for use as flexible energy harvesting devices. CNTs were added to maximize the formation of the ${\beta}$ phase of PVDF to enhance the piezoelectricity of the devices. The phase transition of PVDF induced by the addition of CNTs was confirmed by analyzing the X-ray diffraction patterns, scanning electron microscopy images, and atomic force microscopy images. The enhanced output efficiency of the PZT/PVDF piezoelectric devices was confirmed by measuring the output current and voltage of the fabricated devices. The maximum output current and voltage of the PZT/PVDF piezoelectric devices was 200 nA and 350 mV, respectively, upon incorporation of 0.06 wt% CNTs.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

The 23 wt% polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/15 wt% polyurethane (PU) fibers were electrospun using the conjugated nozzle at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/h and an electric field of 1 kV/cm. The formation of ${\beta}$ crystal phase in the PVDF and the PVDF/PU fibers was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. After electrospinning, the asspun fibers were immersed in a boiling water and then dried at $100^{\circ}C$ in a convection oven to make a crimp phenomenon. The crimps with a diameter of $2.0{\pm}0.08{\mu}m$ were observed for the PVDF/PU fibers after hydrothermal treatment without sacrificing the extent of ${\beta}$ crystal phase. All the PU, PVDF and PVDF/PU fibers exhibited average cell viability of more than 98 %. The cell proliferation results suggested that L-929 cells adhered well to the PU, PVDF and PVDF/PU fibers and proliferated continuously with increasing time, indicating that the PVDF/PU fibers are highly applicable to the biomedical applications.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.221-228
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• 1998

In this study, the $\beta$-Polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) thin films were fabricated by physical vapor deposition method. Also, the properties of dielectric relaxation were studied to understand carrier's behavior of PVDF thin films, to be regarded as the excellent piezo and pyroelectricity. In the process of vapor deposition, the $\beta$-PVDF thin films have been fabricated under the condition of the substrate temperature at 3$0^{\circ}C$, the applied electric field at 142.8kV/cm and the pressure at 2.0${\times}10^{-5}$torr. The dielectric properties of PVDF have been studied in the frequency range 10Hz to 1MHz at temperature from 30 to $100^{\circ}C$. The relative dielectric constant of $\alpha$ and $\beta$-PVDF were 6.8 and 9.8, respectively, under a frequency of 1kHz. Such a phenomenon was caused by the decrease in intermolecular forces originated by the phase-transition from the TGTG' molecular conformation to the TT planar zig-zag conformation. And the relative dielectric constant is increased as a measuring temperature increases, because of the reduction of relaxation time caused by the decrease of intermolecular force.