• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.25 no.1_2
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• pp.375-382
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• 2007

We Study, firstly, the dynamics of the difference equation $x_{n+1}\;=\;{\alpha}\;+\;{\frac{x^p_n}{x^p_{n-1}}}$, with $p\;{\in}\;(0,\;1)\;and\;{\alpha}\;{\in}\;[0,\;{\infty})$. Then, we generalize our results to the (k + 1)th order difference equation $x_{n+1}\;=\;{\alpha}\;+\;{\frac{x^p_n}{nx^p_{n-k}}$, $k\;=\;2,\;3,\;{\cdots}$ with positive initial conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.953-967
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• 2011

We show that the characteristic function $1S_{\underline{\alpha}}$ of any Harder-Narasimhan strata $S{\underline{\alpha}}\;{\subset}\;Coh_X^{\alpha}$ belongs to the spherical Hall algebra $H_X^{sph}$ of a smooth projective curve X (defined over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$). We prove a similar result in the geometric setting: the intersection cohomology complex IC(${\underline{S}_{\underline{\alpha}}$) of any Harder-Narasimhan strata ${\underline{S}}{\underline{\alpha}}\;{\subset}\;{\underline{Coh}}_X^{\underline{\alpha}}$ belongs to the category $Q_X$ of spherical Eisenstein sheaves of X. We show by a simple example how a complete description of all spherical Eisenstein sheaves would necessarily involve the Brill-Noether stratas of ${\underline{Coh}}_X^{\underline{\alpha}}$.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.1283-1297
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• 2010

In this article, the logarithmically complete monotonicity of some functions such as $\frac{1}{[\Gamma(x+1)]^{1/x}$, $\frac{[\Gamma(x+1)]^{1/x}}{x^\alpha}$, $\frac{[\Gamma(x+1)]^{1/x}}{(x+1)^\alpha}$ and $\frac{[\Gamma(x+\alpha+1)]^{1/(x+\alpha})}{[\Gamma(x+1)^{1/x}}$ for $\alpha{\in}\mathbb{R}$ on ($-1,\infty$) or ($0,\infty$) are obtained, some known results are recovered, extended and generalized. Moreover, some basic properties of the logarithmically completely monotonic functions are established.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.24 no.1_2
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• pp.437-448
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• 2007

Suppose K is a nonempty closed convex nonexpansive retract of a real uniformly convex Banach space E with P as a nonexpansive retraction. Let $T_1,\;T_2\;and\;T_3\;:\;K{\rightarrow}E$ be nonexpansive mappings with nonempty common fixed points set. Let $\{\alpha_n\},\;\{\beta_n\},\;\{\gamma_n\},\;\{\alpha'_n\},\;\{\beta'_n\},\;\{\gamma'_n\},\;\{\alpha'_n\},\;\{\beta'_n\}\;and\;\{\gamma'_n\}$ be real sequences in [0, 1] such that ${\alpha}_n+{\beta}_n+{\gamma}_n={\alpha}'_n+{\beta'_n+\gamma}'_n={\alpha}'_n+{\beta}'_n+{\gamma}'_n=1$, starting from arbitrary $x_1{\in}K$, define the sequence $\{x_n\}$ by $$\{zn=P({\alpha}'_nT_1x_n+{\beta}'_nx_n+{\gamma}'_nw_n)\;yn=P({\alpha}'_nT_2z_n+{\beta}'_nx_n+{\gamma}'_nv_n)\;x_{n+1}=P({\alpha}_nT_3y_n+{\beta}_nx_n+{\gamma}_nu_n)$$ with the restrictions $\sum^\infty_{n=1}{\gamma}_n<\infty,\;\sum^\infty_{n=1}{\gamma}'_n<\infty,\; \sum^\infty_{n=1}{\gamma}'_n<\infty$. (i) If the dual $E^*$ of E has the Kadec-Klee property, then weak convergence of a $\{x_n\}$ to some $x^*{\in}F(T_1){\cap}{F}(T_2){\cap}(T_3)$ is proved; (ii) If $T_1,\;T_2\;and\;T_3$ satisfy condition(A'), then strong convergence of $\{x_n\}$ to some $x^*{\in}F(T_1){\cap}{F}(T_2){\cap}(T_3)$ is obtained.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.150-157
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• 2002

In textured material, diffraction angle $2{\theta}$ usually shows a nonlinear relation against $sin^2{\psi}$ due to elastic anisotropy of crystals. SPHD and SPCD steel is cold-rolled carbon steel for automobile. The characteristics X-ray for stress measurement is Cr $K_{\alpha}\;and\;Mo\;K_{\alpha}$ characteristic X-ray. The $2{\theta}-sin^2{\psi}$ diagram under elastic strain seems to have a linear behavior using regression line of data but has a nonlinear behavior in distribution of data by Cr $K_{\alpha}$ characteristic X-ray. As the plastic strain of specimen increases, the nonlinearity of $2{\theta}$ with respect to $sin^2{\psi}$ increases remarkably. On the other hand, the diffraction angle $2{\theta}$ by Mo $K_{\alpha}$ characteristic X-ray shows a good linearity on $2{\theta}-sin^2{\psi}$ diagram under plastic strain as well as elastic strain. Therefore, this paper presents the measurement of residual stress in cold-rolled carbon steel for automobile using penetration depth of Mo $K_{\alpha1}$ characteristic X-ray and multiplicity factor of crystal diffraction plane.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.255-260
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• 2010

Given vectors x and y in a separable complex Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$, an interpolating operator is a bounded operator A such that Ax = y. In this article, we investigate compact interpolation problems for vectors in a tridiagonal algebra. We show the following : Let Alg$\mathcal{L}$ be a tridiagonal algebra on a separable complex Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$ and let x = $(x_i)$ and y = $(y_i)$ be vectors in H. Then the following are equivalent: (1) There exists a compact operator A = $(a_{ij})$ in Alg$\mathcal{L}$ such that Ax = y. (2) There is a sequence ${{\alpha}_n}$ in $\mathbb{C}$ such that ${{\alpha}_n}$ converges to zero and for all k ${\in}$ $\mathbb{N}$, $y_1 = {\alpha}_1x_1 + {\alpha}_2x_2$ $y_{2k} = {\alpha}_{4k-1}x_{2k}$ $y_{2k+1}={\alpha}_{4k}x_{2k}+{\alpha}_{4k+1}x_{2k+1}+{\alpha}_{4k+2}+x_{2k+2}$.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.401-406
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• 2008

Given operators X and Y acting on a separable complex Hilbert space H, an interpolating operator is a bounded operator A such that AX=Y. In this article, we investigate Hilbert-Schmidt interpolation problems for operators in a tridiagonal algebra and we get the following: Let ${\pounds}$ be a subspace lattice acting on a separable complex Hilbert space H and let X=$(x_{ij})$ and Y=$(y_{ij})$ be operators acting on H. Then the following are equivalent: (1) There exists a Hilbert-Schmidt operator $A=(a_{ij})$ in Alg${\pounds}$ such that AX=Y. (2) There is a bounded sequence $\{{\alpha}_n\}$ in $\mathbb{C}$ such that ${\sum}_{n=1}^{\infty}|{\alpha}_n|^2<{\infty}$ and $$y1_i={\alpha}_1x_{1i}+{\alpha}_2x_{2i}$$ $$y2k_i={\alpha}_{4k-1}x_2k_i$$ $$y{2k+1}_i={\alpha}_{4k}x_{2k}_i+{\alpha}_{4k+1}x_{2k+1}_i+{\alpha}_{4k+2}x_{2k+2}_i\;for\;all\;i,\;k\;\mathbb{N}$$.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.191-196
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• 1993

This method using the synthesis substrate of $5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-{\alpha}-galactoside\;(X-{\alpha}-Gal)$ was examined for the differential enumeration of Bifidobacteria and lactic acid-producing bacteria. Bifidobacteria possess a high level of ${\alpha}-galactosidase$ activity. Bifidobacterium longum KCTC 3215 exhibited the highest ${\alpha}-galactosidase$ specific activity (8.57 units/mg protein). Determination of ${\alpha}-galactosidase$ activity using the PNPG procedure showed that Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Pediococcus, and Leuconostoc strain had lower ${\alpha}-galactosidase$ activity as compared to Bifidobacteria. The $X-{\alpha}-Gal$ based medium is useful to identify Bifidobacteria among lactic acid-producing bacteria since the enzyme action of ${\alpha}-galactosidase$ spills $X-{\alpha}-Gal$ substrate and releases indol which impacts a blue color to Bifidobacterial colonies on agar plates. All strains of Bifidobacteria appeared as blue colonies on MRS agar medium supplemented with $100\;{\mu}M\;X-{\alpha}-Gal$ while colonies of other lactic acid-producing bacteria appeared white or light blue.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.705-710
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• 2018

Let T(X) be the full transformation semigroup on a set X and ${\sigma}$ be an equivalence relation on X. Denote $$E(X,{\sigma})=\{{\alpha}{\in}T(X):{\forall}x,\;y{\in}X,\;(x,y){\in}{\sigma}\;\text{implies}\;x{\alpha}=y{\alpha}\}.$$. Then $E(X,{\sigma})$ is a subsemigroup of T(X). In this paper, we characterize two semigroups of type $E(X,{\sigma})$ when they are isomorphic.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.489-507
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• 1999

We investigate the asymptotic behavior of the extreme zeros of orthogonal polynomials with respect to a positive measure d$\alpha$(x) in terms of the three term recurrence coefficients. We then show that the asymptotic behavior of extreme zeros of orthogonal polynomials with respect to g(x)d$\alpha$(x) is the same as that of extreme zeros of orthogonal polynomials with respect to d$\alpha$(x) when g(x) is a polynomial with all zeros in a certain interval determined by d$\alpha$(x). several illustrating examples are also given.