• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.132-136
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• 1990

The vegetative nuclear divisions in hyphae and the chromosome of Fusarium were observed by use of HCI-Giemsa technique and light microscope. The chromosome of nuclear in F. moniliforme both 7150 and 7219 were eight. F. subglutinans 1082 was n=8 and n=7 in F. sub­glutinans 1083. F. nygamai 5668 was n=7 and n=5 in F. nygamai 7132. F. beomiforme 9758 and 9760 were n=7. F. coccidicola ATCC 24138 and F. acuminatum ATCC 16560 were n=6. From these results and other reports, the basic chromosomal number of these fungi might be speculated to be four.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.600-604
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• 1989

In order to find the rational methods for improving the thermal stability of subtilisin Carlsberg, the mechanisms of irreversible thermoinactivation of the enzyme were studied at $90^{\circ}C.$ At pH 4, the main process was hydrolysis of peptide bond. This process followed first order kinetics, yielding a rate constant of $1.26\;{\times}\;10^{-1}h^{-1}$. Hydrolysis of peptide bond of PMS-subtilisin occurred at various sites, which produced new distinct fragments of molecular weights of 27.2 KD, 25.9 KD, 25.0 KD, 22.3 KD, 19.0 KD, 17.6 KD, 16.5 KD, 15.7 KD, 15.0 KD, 13.7 KD, and 12.7 KD. Most of the new fragments originated from the acidic hydrolysis at the C-side of aspartic acid residues. However 25.0 KD, 15.7 KD, and 13.7 KD which could not be removed in purification steps stemmed from the autolytic cleavage of subtilisin. The minor process at pH 4 was deamidation at asparagine and/or glutamine residues and some extend of aggregation was also observed. However, the aggregation was main process at pH 7 with a first order kinetic constant of $16 h^{-1}.$ At pH 9, the main process seemed to be combination of deamidation and cleavage of peptide bond.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.498-501
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• 2012

The Model Rocket Engine Test Facility has been improved to develop the Korea Space Launch Vehicle II(KSLV-II). The modified Model Rocket Engine Test Facility will be used to develop 7-tonf class liquid rocket engine combustor. The test result and test technique acquired from this facility will be used to develop the high performance liquid rocket engine combustor. This paper describes the modified Model Rocket Engine Test Facility for a Sub-scale model test of the 7-tonf class combustor.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.141-147
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of waterlogging duration on the growth characteristics and productivity of forage corn at different growth stages under paddy field conditions. Treatments consisted of waterlogging at two growth stages (V7 or V14) for four waterlogging durations (no waterlogging, 48 hours, 72 hours, and 96 hours, respectively). The V14 growth stage was more vulnerable to waterlogging than the V7 stage. Among the waterlogging durations, the lodging score increased at 48 hours. The stem height of forage corn decreased with the increase in waterlogging duration at the different growth stages (V7 and V14). Increase in waterlogging duration reduced the stem dry matter yield, ear dry matter yield, and total dry matter yield at both growing stages (V7 and V14). The waterlogging treatments at the V14 stage affected ear dry matter yield more than those at the V7 growing stage. Thus, the management of forage corn under paddy field conditions must be strengthened during early (V7) and grain fill stages (V14). When waterlogging occurs, surface and subsurface drainage should be implemented within 48 hours to control (no waterlogging) the groundwater level and, thus, minimize economic losses due to forage corn damage.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.362-371
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• 1995

There is no national system to manage, evaluate, and analyse the information about accidents, even though it is necessary for accident prevention policies and health promotion of the general public. The existing studies are, also limited as they focus only on particular group(for example : inpatients, emergency room patients) or on particular geographic areas. Thus the results of the studies cannot be ap-plied to the general public. In order to overcome these limitations, this research focuses on data collection and analysis from accident information for the general population. By providing the analysis on types and causes af accidents, this research aims to produce the basic data necessary for accident prevention policy development. The specific aims of this research are to : 1. Analyse the actual occurrences and characteristics of accidents. 2. Suggest for the accident prevention policies and safety education. Accident report form three major newspaper printed in Korea between January 1, 1989 and December 31, 1993 were collected, and the cause, place, time, and personal injury related to the accidents were classified and then analyzed by de-scriptive statistics. The results of this research conclude : 1. The number of accidents reported by the three newspapers were 2155. 2. The highest proportion of accidents were as follows ; occurred during the June-August(31.2%), Sunday(24.8%), and 5 p.m. (7.6%) of the day. 3. The highest proportion of the accident occurred in Seoul(33. l％), Kyunggi province(14.5%), Kangwon province (7.8％), and Kyungnam prov-ince(6.7%) were next highest. 4. The main causes include car accidents(32.4%), drowning(10.9%), falls(8.8%), explosion(7.1%), and poisoning(5.8%). 5. Slightly more than half of injuries(50.5%) and about two fifths of deaths(40.3%) were caused by car accidents. Therefore, the most serious type of accidents were car accidents. 6. The number of males in accidents were almost three times higher than that of females(males 72.3%, females : 27.7%). 7. The age group from 10 to 19 years old represents the highest proportion(21%) of accidents. 8. The number of the accidents in Korea, based on the information collected from the newspapers, is estimated to be 14, 367 per year. The number of in-juries is estimated to be 88, 480 persons, and the number of deaths 29, 007 respectively. It is said that ninety percent of accidents can be prevented. Several accidents prevention policies are suggested here. 1. Safety education should be done more actively throughtout life, with special emphasis on safety education for children. 2. Safety measures for children(halmets for cycling, children car seats, seats belts, and so on) should be emphasized. 3. An injury surveillance system should be initiated. The initiation of injury reporting system in each factory and school could contribute considerably to the reduction of accidents.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.2135-2145
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• 2015

VP7, an outer capsid protein of grass carp reovirus (GCRV), was expressed and displayed on the surface of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for developing an efficient vaccine against hemorrhagic disease of grass carp. The result of flow cytometry analysis indicated that protein VP7 could be displayed on the surface of yeast cells after inducing with galactose. The expression of VP7 was confirmed by western blot analysis and further visualized with confocal microscopy. The specific antibodies against VP7 generated from mice were detectable from all immune groups except the control group, which was immunized with untransformed yeast cells. The displaying VP7 on glycosylation-deficient strain EBYΔMnn9 was detected to induce a relatively low level of specific antibody amongst the three strains. However, the antiserum of EBYΔM9-VP7 showed relative high capacity to neutralize GCRV. Further neutralization testing assays indicated that the neutralizing ability of antiserum of the EBYΔM9-VP7 group appeared concentration dependent, and could be up to 66.7% when the antiserum was diluted to 1:50. This result indicates that appropriate gene modification of glycosylation in a yeast strain has essential effect on the immunogenicity of a yeast-based vaccine.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.5161-5165
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• 2012

Background: There are few molecular markers known to predict cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) prognosis. Smad7 has a certain relationship with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), but its relevance to CCA in unclear. Therefore expression and clinical significance of Smad7 in CCA was the focus of this study. Methods: Expression of Smad7, E-cadherin and vimentin was assessed in 41 patients with CCA by immunohistochemistry and analyzed for associations with clinical parameters. Results: Smad7 and vimentin expression in the CCA tissue was dramatically higher than that in adjacent tissues. In addition, Smad7, vimentin and E-cadherin expression was significantly associated with CCA lymph node metastasis and perineural invasion($P{\leq}0.05$), but not other factors, such as gender, age, tumor location, tumor type and tumor differentiation degree (P>0.05). The overall survival and relapse-free survival rate was significantly higher in patients with negative Smad7 expression than those with positive Smad7 expression. Conclusion: EMT phenomena may occur in the process of CCA invasion and metastasis. Smad7, which was highly expressed in CCA, may be considered to be one feedback regulator in late stages and could have potential as a prognostic indicator for clinical assessment.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 2019

Eleven steroid hormones (SHs: androstene-3,17-dione, estrone, ${\beta}$-estradiol, ${\alpha}$-estradiol, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, $17{\acute{a}}$-hydroxyprogesterone, medroxyprogesterone, megestrol acetate, progesterone, and androsterone) were detected from New Zealand deer (Cervus elaphus var. scoticus) velvet antler (NZA, 鹿茸 ). A method for the quantification of eleven SHs was established by using ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-MS/MS. The linearities ($R^2$ > 0.991), limits of quantification (LOQ values, 0.3 ng/mL to 23.1 ng/mL), intraday and interday precisions (relative standard deviation: RSD < 2.43%), and recovery rates (97.3% to 104.6%) for all eleven SHs were determined. In addition, a method for the quantification of three 7-oxycholesterols (7-O-CSs: 7-ketocholesterol, $7{\alpha}$-hydroxycholesterol, and $7{\beta}$-hydroxycholesterol) in the NZA was established by using an HPLC-photodiode array (PDA) method. The linearities ($R^2$ > 0.999), LOQ values (30 ng/mL to 350 ng/mL), intraday and interday precisions (RSD < 1.93%), and recovery rates (97.2% to 103.5%) for the three 7-O-CSs were determined. These quantitative methods are accurate, precise, and reproducible. As a result, it is suggested that the five steroid compounds of androstene-3,17-dione, androsterone, 7-ketocholesterol, $7{\alpha}$-hydroxycholesterol, and $7{\beta}$-hydroxycholesterol could be marker steroids of NZA. These methods can be applied to quantify or standardize the marker steroids present in NZA.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.323-326
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• 2002

Ionizing radiation can be used to sanitize herbs contaminated by various microorganisms. However, health concerns related to irradiation damage to complex molecules in plants necessitate that methods be developed to monitor such damage. To elucidate DNA damage of herbs caused by irradiation, the DNA comet assay was used for Astragalus membranaceus Bunge and Havenia dulcis Thumb, irradiated at 1, 5, 7, and 10 kGy. With increasing irradiation doses, the tails of comets became longer with average tail length increasing from 17 (non-irradiated) to 124 (10 kGy) $\mu$m in Astragalus membranaceus Bunge. Above 7 kGy, some of the tails were separated from the heads of comets. Distribution patterns of the tail length of In comets selected randomly in the irradiated herbs were analyzed to quantify the DNA damage. These results clearly suggest that the DNA comet assay is an effective and inexpensive tool for the detection of irradiation damage to DNA in herbs.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.965-976
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• 2008

In this article, we constructively prove that on a surface S with genus g$\geq$2, there exit maximal geodesic laminations with 7g-7,...,9g-9 leaves. Thus, S can have ideal cell-decompositions (i.e., S can be (ideally) triangulated by maximal geodesic laminations) with 7g-7,...,9g-9 (ideal) 1-cells. Once there is a triangulation for a compact surface, the Euler characteristic for the surface can be calculated as the alternating sum F-E+V, where F, E, and V denote the number of faces, edges, and vertices, respectively. We also prove that the same formula holds for the ideal cell decompositions.