• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제40회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.283-283
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• 2011

The n-doping effect by doping metal carbonate into an electron-injecting organic layer can improve the device performance by the balanced carrier injection because an electron ohmic contact between cathode and an electron-transporting layer, for example, a high current density, a high efficiency, a high luminance, and a low power consumption. In the study, first, we investigated an electron-ohmic property of electron-only device, which has a ITO/$Rb_2CO_3$-doped $C_{60}$/Al structure. Second, we examined the I-V-L characteristics of all-ohmic OLEDs, which are glass/ITO/$MoO_x$-doped NPB (25%, 5 nm)/NPB (63 nm)/$Alq_3$ (32 nm)/$Rb_2CO_3$-doped $C_{60}$(y%, 10 nm)/Al. The $MoO_x$doped NPB and $Rb_2CO_3$-doped fullerene layer were used as the hole-ohmic contact and electron-ohmic contact layer in all-ohmic OLEDs, respectively, Third, the electronic structure of the $Rb_2CO_3$-doped $C_{60}$-doped interfaces were investigated by analyzing photoemission properties, such as x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), Ultraviolet Photoemission spectroscopy (UPS), and Near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy, as a doping concentration at the interfaces of $Rb_2CO_3$-doped fullerene are changed. Finally, the correlation between the device performance in all ohmic devices and the interfacial property of the $Rb_2CO_3$-doped $C_{60}$ thin film was discussed with an energy band diagram.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 제20권1호
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• pp.577-580
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• 2008

콘크리트는 탄산화 현상을 통하여 대기 중의 이산화탄소를 흡수한다. 최근 지구 환경 지속에 대한 우려가 높아지면서 지구온난화의 주원인인 온실가스 중 특히 대기 중의 이산화탄소를 저감하려는 노력이 전 지구적, 전 산업에 걸쳐 일어나고 있다. 본 논문에서는 건축산업에서의 주요한 건축재료인 콘크리트를 대상으로, 하나의 건물을 선정하여 건물의 생애주기(생산-사용-해체) 동안 이산화탄소의 발생량 및 흡수량을 산정하였다. 특히 이산화탄소의 흡수량 산정에서는 100년의 기간 중, 건물의 사용기간(40, 60, 80년) 및 해체기간(60, 40, 20년)에 변화를 주는 시나리오를 고려하여, 콘크리트 표면적 변화에 따른 흡수량의 변화를 고려하였다. 그 결과 이산화탄소 흡수량의 증대에는 건물의 해체 후 콘크리트의 크기, 즉 표면적과 폐콘크리트의 존치기간이 중요한 영향인자로 작용함을 알 수 있었으며, 건축산업에 의한 환경부하 저감을 위한 방안으로 폐콘크리트의 재활용 이전에 존치기간이 중요하다고 판단된다.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.196-201
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• 2001

Si(100)/Ta(50 )/NiFe(60 )/FeMn(250 )/NiFe(70 )/Al$_2$O$_3$/NiFe(150 )/Ta(50 )구조를 가진 자기터널접합의 자기저항비 향상에 관해서 연구하였다. 자성층과 절연층 사이 계면에 CoFe을 삽입하여 5.75%에서 13.7%까지 향상시켰다. 그리고 절연층은 16 의 Al을 순수한 산소 및 산소/아르곤 혼합 분위기에서 프라즈마 산화법으로 형성하였다. 순수한 산소 분위기에서는 최적 산화시간 30초에서 13.7%의 자기저항비를 얻었지만,산소/아르곤의 혼합기체를 사용하면 최적 산화시간 40초에서 15.3%의 자기저항비를 얻었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.593-595
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• 1992

To improve the lifetime and output power in a sealed-off $CO_2$ laser, a series of Nd$_{1-x}$Sr$_x$CoO$_3$(x = 0.0, 0.25, 0.40, 0.50, 0.60, 0.75) perovskite-type compounds has been synthesized and used for a cathode material. Using a typical method samples were sintered at 1150$^{\circ}$C and their structures were determined as a cubic form by means of XRD analysis. The degrees of $CO_2$ dissociation were measured by PAS (photoacoustic spectroscopy) with the lapse of time. In the case of $Nd_{0.4}$Sr$_{0.6}$$CoO_3$, which showed the highest catalytic cathode effect, only 7% of the initial $CO_2$ concentration were dissociated at 30 torr of gas mixture and 5 mA of discharge current. The more the gas pressure decreased and the discharge current increased, the more the degree of dissociation occurred. The ability of catalytic cathode to regenerate CO$_2$ in the laser cavity lies in order for x, 0.60 > 0.50 > 0.40 > 0.75 > 0.25 ${\gg}$ 0.0. Except for the case of x = 0.0 the amounts of $CO_2$ dissociation were found to be within 7-15% of the initial $CO_2$ concentration.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2020

리튬이온전지의 열적 열화 메커니즘을 이해하는 것은 전지의 안전성을 향상시키기 위한 필수적인 과정이다. 본 논문에서는 대표적인 양극물질의 하나인 리튬코발트산화물(LiCoO₂, LCO)이 고온에서 작동할 때 형성되는 표면 필름에 의한 전기화학적 성능 열화를 조사하였다. 먼저 25℃와 60℃ 각각의 온도에서 사이클 테스트를 진행한 결과, 60℃에서 25℃에 비해 저하된 사이클 수명을 보였다. 이후 처음 5사이클을 25℃, 60℃에서 구동시킨 LCO 양극을 각각 25-LCO, 60-LCO라 명명하였으며, 이후 임피던스 및 출력 특성 분석은 25℃에서 진행하였다. 이때 두 샘플 모두 저속에서의 초기 용량은 비슷함에도 불구하고 60-LCO가 25-LCO에 비해 높은 임피던스와 낮은 출력 특성을 보였다. X-선 광전자분광 (XPS)분석 결과 60-LCO 샘플에서 cathode-electrolyte interphase의 성분 중 하나인 절연성의 수산화 리튬 (LiOH) 성분이 다량 검출되었으며, 이는 고온에서 과도한 표면 필름 형성이 양극의 표면 저항 증가 및 속도/수명 특성 저하를 가져왔음을 보여준다.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.57-60
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• 1992

• 대한화학회지
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• 제60권6호
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• pp.462-466
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• 2016

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.60-66
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• 2012

This study was designed to detect and measure the concentration of radioactivity of natural radionuclides ($^{238}U$, $^{232}Th$, $^{40}K$) and artificial radionuclides ($^{137}Cs$, $^{60}Co$) present in the drinking water of the city of Busan and surrounding areas in South Korea, and also to measure the absorbed dose of radiation caused by these elements in the residents so as to help better manage the risk that these radionuclides pose in the future. For the purposes of the study, a total of 42 samples of water were collected from three key water sources (19 samples of groundwater, 4 samples of tap water, and 19 samples of surface water) and their contents were analyzed for radioactivity concentration. The results revealed that two natural radionuclides, $^{238}U$ and $^{232}Th$, exist in the groundwater with an average concentration of radioactivity of 3.34 Bq/L and $8.28{\times}10^{-5}Bq/L$ respectively, while the surface water was found to contain the same two radionuclides with mean concentrations of 0.849 Bq/L and $1.103{\times}10^{-4}Bq/L$ respectively. In addition, of the 19 samples of the groundwater, $^{137}Cs$ was found in eight of them and $^{60}Co$ was detected in ten. Of the four samples of the tap water, $^{137}Cs$ was detected in all samples and $^{60}Co$ was detected in three. Both $^{137}Cs$ and $^{60}Co$ were detected in all 12 samples of surface water. As far as $^{40}K$ is concerned, this element was detected in three of the 19 groundwater samples, but was not detected in any surface or tap water sample. In addition, the absorbed dose of $^{238}U$ from the groundwater was $7.94{\times}10^{-8}Sv/y$, while the absorbed dose of $^{232}Th$ from the surface water was $9.33{\times}10^{-13}Sv/y$. The absorbed dose of $^{137}Cs$ from the tap water was $7.33{\times}10^{-5}Sv/y$, while the absorbed dose of $^{60}Co$ from the surface water was the highest at $4.23{\times}10^{-6}Sv/y$.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.27-39
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 음식물류 폐기물과 하수슬러지의 효과적인 병합 혐기성 처리를 위한 열화학적 가수분해 방법의 최적 조건 평가와, 열화학적 가수분해에 따른 병합 혐기성 소화 효율에 대해 평가 하였다. 열화학적 가수분해는 온도 (80, 100, 120, 140, 160, $180^{\circ}C$)와 NaOH (5, 20, 40, 60, 100 meq/L) 조건에 따른 solubilization COD, CST(Capillary Suction Time), TTF(Time to Filter), volatile fatty acids (VFAs) 등에 대해 평가를 하였으며, 병합 혐기성 소화 효율평가는 biochemical methane potential (BMP) test를 통해 평가하였다. 실험결과 음식물류폐기물과 하수슬러지의 열화학적 가수분해 시 온도 $140^{\circ}C$, NaOH 60 meq/L에서 solubilization COD 20 % 이상, CST와 TTF가 60초 이하, VFAs 농도가 12,000 mg-COD/L 이상으로 최적조건으로 규명되었다. 병합 혐기성 소화 결과도 열화학적 가수분해 조건과 동일한 조건에서 가스발생량이 가장 높았다. 따라서, 음식물류폐기물과 하수슬러지의 효과적인 병합혐기성소화를 위한 열화학적 가수분해 전처리 조건은 온도 $140^{\circ}C$, NaOH 주입농도 60 meq/L라 판단된다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.191-200
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• 2022

Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) is a standardized protocol by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) for the Internet of things (IoT). IoT devices have limited computation power, memory, and connectivity capabilities. One of the significant problems in IoT networks is congestion control. The CoAP standard has an exponential backoff congestion control mechanism, which may not be adequate for all IoT applications. Each IoT application would have different characteristics, requiring a novel algorithm to handle congestion in the IoT network. Unnecessary retransmissions, and packet collisions, caused due to lossy links and higher packet error rates, lead to congestion in the IoT network. This paper presents an adaptive congestion control protocol for CoAP, Adaptive Congestion Control with a Backoff algorithm (ACCB). AACB is an extension to our earlier protocol AdCoCoA. The proposed algorithm estimates RTT, RTTVAR, and RTO using dynamic factors instead of fixed values. Also, the backoff mechanism has dynamic factors to estimate the RTO value on retransmissions. This dynamic adaptation helps to improve CoAP performance and reduce retransmissions. The results show ACCB has significantly higher goodput (49.5%, 436.5%, 312.7%), packet delivery ratio (10.1%, 56%, 23.3%), and transmission rate (37.7%, 265%, 175.3%); compare to CoAP, CoCoA+ and AdCoCoA respectively in linear scenario. The results show ACCB has significantly higher goodput (60.5%, 482%,202.1%), packet delivery ratio (7.6%, 60.6%, 26%), and transmission rate (40.9%, 284%, 146.45%); compare to CoAP, CoCoA+ and AdCoCoA respectively in random walk scenario. ACCB has similar retransmission index compare to CoAp, CoCoA+ and AdCoCoA respectively in both the scenarios.