• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.261-270
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• 2005

Total number of 237 Hanwoos were purchased from the nationwide fanns based on the different market weights and sex. After slaughtering, they were evaluated to estimate the productivity of carcass components by the sex and market weight, and to predict the beef carcass yield grade equation. The main results in this study were summarized as follows; With respect to carcass characteristics, the yield percentages were different(P < 0.01) among sex groups, but were not different among market weight groups. Sex or market weights showed significant effects on the carcass yield grade(YG) factors(BFT, RA, carcass weight(CW). The YG equation from this study could be expressed as a multiple regression y = 64.74 - 0.0198 ${\times}$ CW(kg) - 5.226 $\time$ BFT(cm)+0.1339 $\time$ RA($cm^2$ $R^2$ = 0.52 Among the YG factors, the BFT was the highest contributor to the YG equation. Compared the previous equation reported in 1992 with the equation from this study, the bias values between predicted value and the actual cutability were 9.17 and 2.39, respectively. In conclusion, the equation estimated from this study was more accurate in predicting the cutability than that from the previous equation reported in 1992.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.2230-2243
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• 2022

The tin tailing processing industry in Malaysia has operated with minimal regard and awareness for material management and working environment safety, impacting the environment and workers in aspects of radiation and heavy metal exposure. RIA was conducted where environmental samples were analyzed, revealing concentrations of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K between the range of 0.1-10.0, 0.0-25.7, and 0.1-5.8 Bq/g respectively, resulting in the AED exceeding UNCEAR recommended value and regulation limit enforced by AELB (1 mSv/y). Ra_eq calculated indicates that samples collected pose a significant threat to human health from gamma-ray exposure. Assessment of heavy metal content via pollution indices of soil and sediment showed significant contamination and enrichment from processing activities conducted. As and Fe were two of the highest metals exposed both via soil ingestion with an average of 4.6 × 10^-3 mg/kg-day and 1.4 × 10^-4 mg/kg-day, and dermal contact with an average of 5.6 × 10^-4 mg/kg-day and 6.0 × 10^-4. mg/kg-day respectively. Exposure via accidental ingestion of soil and sediment could potentially cause adverse non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health effect towards workers in the industry. Correlation analysis indicates the presence of a relationship between the concentration of NORM and trace elements.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.207-215
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• 2024

This study focuses on measuring the levels of naturally occurring radioactivity in the soil of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, as well as the associated health hazard. Thirty (30) soil samples were collected from various locations and analyzed for ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰K radioactivity levels using a High Purity Germanium detector (HPGe) gamma-ray spectrometer with a photo-peak efficiency of approximately 52.3%. The average values obtained for these radionuclides are 35.6 ± 5.7 Bqkg^-1, 47 ± 12.5 Bqkg^-1, and 877 ± 153 Bqkg^-1, respectively. The level of ²³²Th is slightly higher and ⁴⁰K is 2.2 times higher than the internationally recommended limit of 30 Bqkg^-1 and 400 Bqkg^-1, respectively. Various parameters were calculated based on the results obtained, including Radium Equivalent (Ra_eq), External Hazard (H_ex), Absorbed Dose Rate (D), Annual Gonadal Equivalent Dose (AGDE), Annual Effective Dose Rate, and Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR), which are 170.3 ± 24 Bqkg^-1, 0.46 ± 0.06 Bqkg^-1, 81.4 ± 2.04 nGy h^-1, 582 ± 78.08 µSvy^-1, 99.8 ± 13.5 µSv Gy^-1, and 0.349 ± 0.04, respectively. These values are below the limits recommended by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) in 2002. This study highlights the potential radiation threats associated with natural radioactivity levels in the soil of Swabi and provides valuable information for public health and safety.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.1289-1296
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• 2020

The estimation of radioactivity level is vital for population health risk assessment and geological point of view and can be evaluated as rate of exhalation and source concentration (²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K). The present study deals with the soil samples for investigation of radionuclides content and exhalation rates of radon -thoron gas from different sites in northern Haryana, India. Absorbed dose and associated index estimated in the present study are the measures of environmental radioactivity to inhalation dose. Effective doses received by different tissues and organs by considering different occupancy and conditions are also measured. Exhalation rates of radon and thoron are measured with active scintillation monitors based on alpha spectroscopy namely scintillation radon (SRM) and thoron (STM) monitors respectively. Sample height was optimized before measurement of thoron exhalation rate using STM. Average values of radon and thoron exhalation are found 16.6 ± 0.7 mBqkg^-1h^-1 and 132.1 ± 2.6 mBqm^-2s^-1 respectively. Also, a simple approach was also adopted, to evaluate the thoron exhalation which accomplished a lot of challenges, the results are compared with the data obtained experimentally. The study is useful in the nationwide mapping of radon and thoron exhalation rates for understanding the environmental radioactivity status.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.223-226
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• 2013

An unrecorded Orchid species, Habenaria dentata (Sw.) Schltr. (Orchidaceae), was recognized in Gahoe-myeon and Ssangchaek-myeon, Hapcheon-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea. H. dentata is closely related to H. radiata (Thunb.) Spreng., it can distinguished by sepal white and larger than petals, and serrated margins of the labellum. A new Korean name, 'Keun-hae-o-ra-bi-nan-cho', was given based on its taller stem and more flowers (at least with three) in comparison to H. radiata (Thunb.) Spreng. We provide here its redescription, illustrations, photographs, and a key to its closely related taxa.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.415-424
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• 1998

In order to investigate soil-gas $^{222}Rn$ concentrations, Kwanak Campus (Seoul National University), Boeun (Choong-buk) and Gapyung (Kyonggi) areas were selected and classified depending on their base rock types. Radon risk indices of these study areas decrease in the order of Gapyung>Kwanak Campus>Boeun areas, and in the order of rock type as banded gneiss>granite gneiss>granite>black slate-shale>mica schist>shale-lirnestone>phyllite-schist. Radon emanating trends with water content and grain size of soils were assessed by modified Morse 3 min. method. Radon emanation increases with the increase of water content in soils which is lower than 6~16 wt.%, and decreases in the range of higher than 6-16 wt. %. It shows that Rn emanation increases with the decrease of soil grain size. Radioactivity analysis of radionuclides of 238U series in some soil samples shows that radioactive disequilibrium state between $^{226}Ra$ and $^{238}U$ exists owing to different geochemical behavior of each radionuclide, and, it is necessary to carry out radioactive isotope geochemical approach for soil-gas $^{222}Rn$ study.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.218-231
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• 2002

Using a three-dimensional numerical code, B3R developed for nuclide transport of an arbitrary length of decay chain in the buffer between the canister and adjacent rock in a high- level radioactive waste repository by adopting a finite difference method utilizing the control- volume scheme, some illustrative calculations have been done. A linear sorption isotherm, nuclide transport due to diffusion in the buffer and the rock matrix, and advection and dispersion along thin rigid parallel fractures existing in a saturated porous rock matrix as well as diffusion through the fracture wall into the matrix is assumed. In such kind of repository, buffer and rock matrix are known to be important physico-chemical harriers in nuclide retardation. To show effects of buffer and rock matrix on nuclide transport in HLW repository and also to demonstrate usefulness of B3R, several cases of breakthrough curves as well as three- dimensional plots of concentration isopleths associated with these two barriers are introduced for a typical case of decay chain of $^{234}$ Ulongrightarrow$^{230}$ Thlongrightarrow$^{226}$ Ra, which is the most important chain as far as the human environment is concerned.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.325-336
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• 2019

The activity concentrations of $^{226}Ra$, $^{232}Th$, and $^{40}K$ from 102 building materials samples were determined using a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector. The activity concentrations were evaluated for possible radiological hazards to the human health. The excess lifetime cancer risks (ELCR) were also estimated, and the average values were recorded as $0.42{\pm}0.24{\times}10^{-3}$, $3.22{\pm}1.83{\times}10^{-3}$, and $3.65{\pm}1.85{\times}10^{-3}$ for outdoor, indoor, and total ELCR respectively. The activity concentrations were further subjected to RESRAD-BUILD computer code to evaluate the long-term radiation exposure to a dweller. The indoor doses were assessed from zero up to 70 years. The simulation results were $92{\pm}59$, $689{\pm}566$, and $782{\pm}569{\mu}Sv\;y^{-1}$ for indoor external, internal, and total effective dose equivalent (TEDE) respectively. The results reported were all below the recommended maximum values. Therefore, the radiological hazards attributed to building materials under study are negligible.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.7
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• pp.2650-2655
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• 2023

In the process of growth and development, plants not only absorb essential nutritional elements, but also absorb radioactive and non-essential elements from the environment, and their distribution varies in different parts of the plant. In this study, neutron activation analysis and gamma spectrometry were performed on stems, roots, and leaves of vegetables. The results indicate that the accumulation of radionuclides and multi-elements depends on the plant type and plant parts. Activity concentrations of ²²⁶Ra and ²³²Th in plants were accumulated in the following order: Roots > Stems > Leaves. The highest concentrations of ⁴⁰K and ²¹⁰Pb were observed in the stems and leaves of plants, respectively. Essential nutrient requirements of plants are in the following order: K > Ca > Mg > Fe > Zn > Mn. Among the nonessential metals, the concentration of Na in the vegetable sample was much greater than those of the other elements. The K/Na ratio in the plant depends on the type of plant and the translocation within the plant.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.238-245
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• 1996

Vertical profiles of $^{210}Po\;and\;^{210}Pb$ were measured for the upper 100 m of water column at six stations in the middle region of the Korean East Sea during March 1993. The distribution patterns of these radionuclides with the water mass and controlling factors on their distributions were also discussed. $^{210}Pb$ activities were generally high at surface water and gradually decrease with depth. Vertical profiles of $^{210}Po$ were relatively homogeneous except for at station E3, where chlorophyll-a concentration was the highest and $^{210}Po$ activity in the upper 30 m was lower than below 50 m. The $^{210}Po$ activities relative to its parent $^{210}Pb$ at all stations were deficient at the upper 30 m, but were excess or nearly equilibrated values below 50 m. The magnitude of $^{210}Po$ deficiency was relatively high at station E3 and E6, where strong thermocline occured. However, $^{210}Pb$ activities showed strong excess in the upper 100 m of all stations, compared with its parent $^{226}Ra$. The residence time of $^{210}Po$ ranged from 1.0 to 7.8 years, and was relatively short at station E3 and E6. The data obtained at the upper 50 m water column during $1992\~1994$, also showed that removal rate constant of $^{210}Po$ and inventories of chlorophyll-a was negatively related. This indicates that the primary production plays an important role in controlling the distributions of $^{210}Po$ at the upper water column of the Korean last Sea in spring. While, inventories of excess $^{210}Pb$ was generally decreasing with increasing density difference between 50 m and 100 m, suggesting that $^{210}Pb$ concentrations in the upper water column were controlled by stability of water column.