• Title/Summary/Keyword: $\beta$-type

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Influence of Organizational Culture Type and Job Satisfaction on Nurses' Innovation Behavior in a University Hospital (대학병원 간호사들의 조직문화 유형 인식 및 조직만족이 혁신행동에 미치는 영향)

  • Han, Yoon-Ja;Lee, Sang-Gyu;Kwon, Ho-Jang
    • Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.63-77
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    • 2010
  • The purposes of this study were to describe the effects of perception of organizational culture type and job satisfaction on university hospital nurses' innovation behavior. A survey was conducted with 418 respondents working in a university hospital in Cheonan City. Organizational culture types (developmental, group, rational, hierarchical), job satisfaction and individual characteristics were surveyed. The relationships between each variable and the innovation behavior were analyzed by univariate analysis and the independent effects of these variables were examined with multiple regression. The mean score of general employees innovation behavior was 3.33 (p=.58) and that of managers was 3.53(p=.64). For general employees, there were statistically significant differences in innovation behavior according to education level. For managers, there were statistically significant differences in innovation behavior for education level, marital status and duration of work. On multiple regression analysis, the factors affecting innovation behavior of general employees were developmental culture( =.297, ${\beta}$ p<.01), group culture (${\beta}$=.184, p<.01) and job satisfaction(${\beta}$=.148, p<.05). And the factors affecting innovation behavior of managers were developmental culture(${\beta}$=.181, p<.01), rational culture(${\beta}$=.171, p<.01) and group culture(${\beta}$=.408, p<.01), In conclusion, the results of this study show that organizational culture and job satisfaction influence hospital nurses'innovation behavior.

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Production of Human Interferon β by Recombinant E. coli Using the Codon Optimized Gene (코돈 최적화된 유전자를 이용한 재조합 대장균으로부터 인간 인터페론 베타 발현)

  • Kim, Jong-Seok;Jang, Seung-Won;Park, Jae-Bum;Kwon, Deok-Ho;Chang, Young-Jun;Jung, Hyung-Moo;Han, Sang-In;Hong, Eock-Kee;Ha, Suk-Jin
    • KSBB Journal
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.16-21
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    • 2017
  • The multiple sclerosis caused by multiple inflammatory disease or immune system disorder, is usually treated by interferon ${\beta}$ through adjusting the abnormal immune reactions. For high production of human interferon ${\beta}$ using recombinant E. coli, codon optimized and wild type genes were synthesized. When pET-15b or pET-21a vector was used as an expression vector with each gene, there was no target protein expression. When pQE30 vector was used as an expression vector, human interferon ${\beta}$ was expressed by recombinant E. coli XL1-blue and E. coli JM109. Using the codon optimized gene, the expression of human interferon ${\beta}$ was slightly increased as compared to that from wild type gene. However, most of expressed human interferon ${\beta}$ was insoluble form.

Prevention of Diabetes Using Adenoviral Mediated Hepatocyte Growth Factor Gene Transfer in Mice

  • Lee, Hye-Jeong;Kim, Hyun-Jeong;Roh, Mee-Sook;Lee, Jae-Ik;Lee, Sung-Won;Jung, Dong-Sik;Kim, Duk-Kyu;Park, Mi-Kyoung
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • v.7 no.5
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    • pp.261-266
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    • 2003
  • Type 1 diabetes is an organ-specific autoimmune disease caused by the cytotoxic T cells-mediated destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the Langerhans pancreatic islets. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a potent mitogen and a promoter of proliferation of insulin producing beta cells of pancreatic islets. To study the role of HGF via viral vector in the development of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in mice, we have developed an adenoviral vector genetically engineered to carry the gene for human HGF (hHGF) and evaluate the change of blood glucose, insulin level, and insulin-secreting beta cells of pancreatic islets. We demonstrate that the treatment with hHGF gene prevented the development of STZ-induced diabetes and increased serum insulin level to above normal range. Furthermore, it preserved pancreatic beta cells from destruction. These in vivo results may support previous findings that HGF is insulinotropic agent for beta cells and HGF treatment renders the cells to be resistant to the development of diabetes from STZ administration. We suggest that an adenoviral mediated hHGF gene therapy is a good candidate for the prevention and treatment of type 1 diabetes.

CHOP Deficiency Ameliorates ERK5 Inhibition-Mediated Exacerbation of Streptozotocin-Induced Hyperglycemia and Pancreatic β-Cell Apoptosis

  • Nam, Dae-Hwan;Han, Jung-Hwa;Lim, Jae Hyang;Park, Kwon Moo;Woo, Chang-Hoon
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • v.40 no.7
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    • pp.457-465
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    • 2017
  • Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced murine models of type 1 diabetes have been used to examine ER stress during pancreatic ${\beta}$-cell apoptosis, as this ER stress plays important roles in the pathogenesis and development of the disease. However, the mechanisms linking type 1 diabetes to the ER stress-modulating anti-diabetic signaling pathway remain to be addressed, though it was recently established that ERK5 (Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 5) contributes to the pathogeneses of diabetic complications. This study was undertaken to explore the mechanism whereby ERK5 inhibition instigates pancreatic ${\beta}$-cell apoptosis via an ER stress-dependent signaling pathway. STZ-induced diabetic WT and CHOP deficient mice were i.p. injected every 2 days for 6 days under BIX02189 (a specific ERK5 inhibitor) treatment in order to evaluate the role of ERK5. Hyperglycemia was exacerbated by co-treating C57BL/6J mice with STZ and BIX02189 as compared with mice administered with STZ alone. In addition, immunoblotting data revealed that ERK5 inhibition activated the unfolded protein response pathway accompanying apoptotic events, such as, PARP-1 and caspase-3 cleavage. Interestingly, ERK5 inhibition-induced exacerbation of pancreatic ${\beta}$-cell apoptosis was inhibited in CHOP deficient mice. Moreover, transduction of adenovirus encoding an active mutant form of $MEK5{\alpha}$, an upstream kinase of ERK5, inhibited STZ-induced unfolded protein responses and ${\beta}$-cell apoptosis. These results suggest that ERK5 protects against STZ-induced pancreatic ${\beta}$-cell apoptosis and hyperglycemia by interrupting the ER stress-mediated apoptotic pathway.

The Factors that affect the Health Promoting Behaviors of Middle-aged Workers between Type D and Non-type D Personality (D유형 성격여부에 따른 중년 직장인의 건강증진행위에 영향을 미치는 요인)

  • Lim, Eun Ju;Noh, Jun Hee;Kim, Seung Eun
    • Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.47-56
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    • 2013
  • Purpose: This study is to identify the factors that affect middle-aged workers' health promoting behaviors. Methods: 214 middle-aged workers participated in surveys, and the data were collected from August to September 2012 and analyzed by using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis with PASW 18.0 program. Results: It was found that among the factors, the degree of job stress (t=7.69, p<.001) and depression (t=6.23, p<.001) were significantly high for type D individuals, while non type D showed meaningful degree of self-related health status (t=-3.66, p<.001) and health promoting behaviors (t=-4.71, p<.001). The notable variable that affected the health promoting behaviors of the middle-aged workers was depression for both type D (${\beta}$=-.357, p= .029) and non type D (${\beta}$=-.325, p<.001) individuals, and this variable accounted for 24.1% and 18.2% respectively. Conclusion: The study revealed that the middle-aged workers showed high degree of job stress and depression that influenced on their health promoting behaviors. Thus, they are recommended to receive health management programs that offer treatment through consulting considering their individual personalities.

Surrogate Internet Shopping Malls: The Effects of Consumers' Perceived Risk and Product Evaluations on Country-of-Buying-Origin Image (망상대구점(网上代购店): 소비자감지풍험화산품평개대원산국형상적영향(消费者感知风险和产品评价对原产国形象的影响))

  • Lee, Hyun-Joung;Shin, So-Hyoun;Kim, Sang-Uk
    • Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.208-218
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    • 2010
  • Internet has grown fast and become one of the most important retail channels now. Various types of Internet retailers, hereafter etailers, have been introduced so far and as one type of Internet shopping mall, 'surrogate Internet shopping mall' has been prosperous and attracting consumers in the domestic market. Surrogate Internet shopping mall is a unique type of etailer that globally purchases well-known brand goods that are not imported in the market, completes delivery in the favor of individual buyers, and collects fees for these specific services. The consumers, who are usually interested in purchasing high-end and unique but not eligible brands, have difficulties to purchase these items overseas directly from the retailers or brands in other countries due to worries of payment failure and no address available for their usually domestic only delivery. In Korea, both numbers of surrogate Internet shopping malls and the magnitude of sales have been growing rapidly up to more than 430 active malls and 500 billion Korean won in 2008 since the population of consumers who want this agent shopping service is also expending. This etail business concept is originated from 'surrogate-mediated purchase' and this type of shopping agent has existed in many different forms and also in wide ranges of context level for quite a long time. As marketers face their individual buyers' representatives instead of a direct contact with them in many occasions, the impact of surrogate shoppers on consumer's decision making has been enormously important and many scholars have explored various range of agent's impact on consumer's purchase decisions in marketing and psychology field. However, not much rigorous research in the Internet commerce has been conveyed yet. Moreover, since as one of the shopping agent surrogate Internet shopping malls specifically connect overseas brands or retailers to domestic consumers, one specific character of the mall's, image of surrogate buying country, where surrogate purchases are conducted in, may play an important role to form consumers' attitude and purchase intention toward products. Furthermore it also possibly affects various dimensions of perceived risk in consumer's information processing. However, though tremendous researches have been carried exploring the effects of diverse dimensions of country of origin, related studies in Internet context has been rarely executed. There have been some studies that prove the positive impact of country of origin on consumer's evaluations as one of information clues in product manufacture descriptions, yet studies detecting the relationship between country image of surrogate buying origin and product evaluations rarely undertaken regarding this specific mall type. Thus, the authors have found it well-worth investigating in this specific retail channel and explored systematic relationships among focal constructs and elaborated their different paths. The authors have proven that country image of surrogate buying origin in the mall, where surrogate malls purchase products in and brings them from for buyers, not only has a positive effect on consumers' product evaluations including attitude and purchase intention but also has a negative effect on all three dimensions of perceived risk: product-related risk, shipping-related risk, and post-purchase risk. Specifically among all the perceived risk, product-related risk which is arisen from high uncertainty of product performance is most affected (${\beta}$= -.30) by negative country image of surrogate buying origin, and also shipping-related risk (${\beta}$= -.18) and post-purchase risk (${\beta}$= -.15) get influenced in order. Its direct effects on product attitude (${\beta}$= .10) and purchase intention (${\beta}$= .14) are also secured. Each of perceived risk dimension is proven to have a negative effect on purchase intention through product attitude as a mediator (${\beta}$= -.57: product-related risk ${\rightarrow}$ product attitude; ${\beta}$= -.24: shipping-related risk ${\rightarrow}$ product attitude; ${\beta}$= -.44: post-purchase risk ${\rightarrow}$ product attitude) as well. From the additional analysis, the paths of consumers' information processing are shown to be different based on their levels of product knowledge. While novice consumers with low level of knowledge consider only perceived risk important, expert consumers with high level of knowledge take both the country image, where surrogate services are conducted in, and perceived risk seriously to build their attitudes and formulate decisions toward products more delicately and systematically, which is in line with previous studies. This study suggests several pieces of academic and practical advice. Precisely, country image of surrogate buying origin does affect on consumer's risk perceptions and behavioral consequences. Therefore a careful selection of surrogate buying origin is recommended. Furthermore, reducing consumers' risk level is required to blossom this new type of retail business whether its consumer are novices or experts. Additionally, since consumer take different paths of elaborating information based on their knowledge levels, sophisticated marketing approaches to each group of consumers are required. For novice buyers strong devices for risk mitigation are needed to induce them to form better attitudes and for experts selections of better and advanced countries as surrogate buying origins are advised while endorsement strategy for the site might work as a reliable information clue to all consumers to mitigate the barriers to purchase goods online. The authors have also explained that the study suffers from some limitations, including generalizability. In future studies, tests of and comparisons among different types of etailers with relevant constructs are recommended to broaden the findings.

Typing of Extended-Spectrum ${\beta}$-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Slaughterhouse in Pusan, Korea (부산 도축장에서 분리된 광범위 베타 락탐 분해효소(Extended-Spectrum ${\beta}$-Lactamase, ESBL)생성 장내세균의 형별분류)

  • Lee Hun-Ku
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.42 no.2
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    • pp.125-130
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    • 2006
  • The emergence of extended spectrum ${\beta}$-lactamase producing bacteria is causing very serious problems in Korea. Although there have been many reports about these bacteria Isolated from patients and clinical specimens, there is no report of extended spectrum ${\beta}$-lactamase producing organisms isolated from natural environment in Korea. This study was conducted to investigate the biological characteristics and extended spectrum ${\beta}$-lactamase types of eighteen strains of extended spectrum ${\beta}$-lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolated from a slaughterhouse in Pusan in Korea during 2002 to 2004. Extended spectrum ${\beta}$-lactamases were identified by double-disk synergy test, conjugation, isoelectric focusing values and gene sequencing. Eight strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and two strains of Eschericha coli were isolated kom pigs and transferred extended spectrum ${\beta}$-lactamase genes to recipient Escherichia coli J53 (sodium azide resistant and ceftazidime senstive) strain by conjugation. The conjugants of extended spectrum ${\beta}$-lactamase genes were alignments and translated to amino acids by BCM and NCBI blast. Eight conjugants of Klebsiella pneumonae were typed TEM-52, and two strains of Escherichia coli, SHV-12, but CMY-1 type were not detected in this study.

Empirical Bayes Confidence Intervals of the Burr Type XII Failure Model

  • Choi, Dal-Woo
    • Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.155-162
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    • 1999
  • This paper is concerned with the empirical Bayes estimation of one of the two shape parameters(${\theta}$) in the Burr(${\beta},\;{\theta}$) type XII failure model based on type-II censored data. We obtain the bootstrap empirical Bayes confidence intervals of ${\theta}$ by the parametric bootstrap introduced by Laird and Louis(1987). The comparisons among the bootstrap and the naive empirical Bayes confidence intervals through Monte Carlo study are also presented.

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A Study on the Effects of Downsizing Kitchen Employees in Hotels on Job Attitude - Focusing on the Individual Behavior Types(DISC) of Kitchen Employees in the Hotels in the Seoul and Daejeon Regions - (호텔 조리사의 인력 다운사이징(Downsizing)이 직무태도에 미치는 영향 연구 - 서울.대전지역 내 호텔 조리사의 개인별 행동유형(DISC)을 중심으로 -)

  • Kim, Hyun-Joong
    • Culinary science and hospitality research
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.1-17
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    • 2013
  • This research was to examine the effects of downsizing kitchen employees in a hotel on their job efficiency and to verify differences in the individuals' behavior characteristics according to DISC behavior types in this causal relationship. Through SPSS 17.0 program, factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were conducted on 200 samples secured for an empirical research. Two factors for the downsizing items and two factors for the items related to job attitude were extracted. Hypothesis 1 was that the downsizing within a hotel has significant negative (-) effects on job attitude. As a result of the verification, it was found that downsizing had significantly negative effects on the job attitude of cooking employees as factors for organizational commitment in employment circumstances (${\beta}$=-.256), and employment anxiety (${\beta}$=-.258), and as factors for job satisfaction in employment circumstances (${\beta}$=-.319), and employment anxiety (${\beta}$=-.174). Hypothesis 2 was that the downsizing according to DISC behavior types has significant negative (-) effects on job attitude. As a result of the verification, it was found that in the organizational commitment factors, the dominance type (D) was more influenced by employment anxiety (${\beta}$=-.435) than by any other types, and the conscientiousness type (C) was not influenced by organizational commitment. In the job satisfaction factors, the steadiness type (S) was more influenced by the changes in employment circumstances (${\beta}$=-.414) than by other types, and the dominance type (D) was not influenced. Based on the results of this research, it can be said that hotel's downsizing strategies influence job attitude such as organizational commitment and job satisfaction of cooking employees, and that there are differences in the influences according to the individuals' behavior types of kitchen employees.

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NUMERICAL ANALYSIS TO DESIGN HIGH TEMPERATURE HEAT EXCHANGER OF BETA TYPE STIRLING ENGINE IN 3-D COMBUSTION FIELD (3차원 연소장에서의 베타 형태의 스털링엔진 고온 열교환기 설계를 위한 수치해석 연구)

  • Kang, S.H.;Kim, H.J.;Chung, D.H.
    • Journal of computational fluids engineering
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.56-61
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    • 2011
  • Numerical study is conducted to design the high temperature heat exchanger of Stirling engine by using the commercial CFD solver, FLUENT. The Fin-tube type of heat exchanger is designed as a reference model by considering the type of engine which is ${\beta}$-configuration. To find the optimal design of heat exchanger in heat transfer capacity numerical calculation is conducted by changing the shape, the number, and material of reference model in three-dimensional combustion field. Adjusted one-way constant velocity of working fluid that is helium is considered as the representative velocity of oscillating flow. The optimal design of heat exchanger considering the heat transfer capability is suggested by using the calculation results.