• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.841-857
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• 2012

Preliminary ecological environmental assessments including physico-chemical constituents, water quality, fish fauna analysis, physical habitat health, and ecological health assessment were conducted as a primary step for Jeungchon micro-habitat ecosystem restoration in 2012. Water chemistry analysis of conductivity, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll-a and etc. indicated that there were no significant differences(p < 0.05) among 6 sites between the headwaters and downstream. Multi-metric model analysis of Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index(QHEI) showed that brooklets were at "good condition" as a mean QHEI of 158.7(n = 6) and the longitudinal differences of the model values between the sites were minor(QHEI range: 153 - 165). Total fish species and the number of individuals were 12 and 481, respectively, and dominant species were Zacco platypus(49.5%) and Zacco koreanus(36.8%). Tolerance guild analysis showed that the proportion of sensitive species($S_S$) had a negative linear function[$S_S=86.35-0.31(D_H)$; $R^2$ = 0.892, p < 0.01] with a distance from the headwaters, while the proportion of tolerant species($T_S$) had a positive linear function($R^2$ = 0.950, F = 90.28, p < 0.001) with the distance. Trophic feeding guild analysis showed that the proportion of insectivore species($I_n$) had a negative linear function($R^2$ = 0.934, p < 0.01) with a distance from the headwaters, while the proportion of omnivore species($O_m$) had a positive linear function($R^2$ = 0.958, p < 0.001) with the distance. Index of Biological Integrity(IBI) model, based on fish assemblages, showed a "fair condition" as a mean IBI of 23(n = 6), and there was a distinct differences of ecological health between the headwaters(S1 = 30; "good condition") and the downstreams(S6 = 14; "poor condition"). Overall, the preliminary environmental impact assessments suggest that water quality, physical habitat conditions(QHEI model), and ecological health(IBI model) were maintained well, even if the state was not an excellent conditions.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.479-488
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between self reported climacteric symptoms, and depression, and the quality of life in middle aged women. Method: The subjects of this study were 149 women from 40 to 64 years of age. Climacteric symptoms were measured with Neugarton's tool(1965) and depression with Zung's tool. Quality of life was related to self reported climacteric symptoms were education level (F=3.011, p=.035), income measured by Rho's tool(1988). Result: The general characteristic variables significantly level (F=2.670, p=.057), income satisfaction (F=3.413. p=.011), perceived subjective health condition(F=28.623, p=.000). The general characteristic variables significantly related to depression were age(t=-2.476, p=.014), education level (F=4.492, p.013). income satisfaction (F=2.845, p.026), perceived subjective health condition (F = 8.468, p=.000). The general characteristics variables significantly related to quality of life were income level (F= 5.010, p=.000), income satisfaction (F=6.314, p=.000), perceived subjective health condition (F=3.516, p<=.032). menstruation cycles(t=-2.66, p=.023). The relationship between self reported climacteric symptoms and depression had a statistically a positive correlation (r=.357, p=.000). The relationship between depression and quality of life had a statistically with a negative correlation(r=-.397, p=.000). Conclusion: These results may contribute to a better understanding of depression and quality of life in middle aged women. Therefore, health programs for prompting climacteric women´s health should be a planned based on results of the study.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.271-280
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to offer basic data for developing effective program for promotion elderly people's oral condition, and oral health behavior upon the appearance of denture. This study was performed by utilizing health questionnaire survey and oral examination survey for first year(2010) law data of the 5th korea national health and nutrition examination survey. The research subjects were 1419 people who were aged over 65 and completed the oral examination and oral questionnaire survey. In the general characteristics, the need of denture was indicated highly in the male elderly. Factors of having relationship with a need of denture in oral health condition were indicated to be chewing difficulty(p<0.001) and dental caries(p<0.0001). The case of not using oral hygiene device was high in a need of denture(p<0.001). Also, a case of not dental treatment was indicated to be high in a need of denture(p<0.001). Through these related findings, the elderly's oral condition and oral health behavior were indicated to have high relationship with a need of denture. There is a need of securing basic data for promoting the elderly's oral health in the future and of seeking a plane for application in order to improve the elderly's health in the aging society. Therefore there is a need of securing and seeking elderly's health program which is considered the aging society's characteristics to improve the elderly's health promotion.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.239-247
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• 2008

Let $I{\in}C^{1,1}$ be a strongly indefinite functional defined on a Hilbert space H. We investigate the number of the critical points of I when I satisfies two pairs of Torus-Sphere variational linking inequalities and when I satisfies m ($m{\geq}2$) pairs of Torus-Sphere variational linking inequalities. We show that I has at least four critical points when I satisfies two pairs of Torus-Sphere variational linking inequality with $(P.S.)^*_c$ condition. Moreover we show that I has at least 2m critical points when I satisfies m ($m{\geq}2$) pairs of Torus-Sphere variational linking inequalities with $(P.S.)^*_c$ condition. We prove these results by Theorem 2.2 (Theorem 1.1 in [1]) and the critical point theory on the manifold with boundary.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.98-104
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• 2017

The ultrasonic pulse velocities of pressure, shear, and Rayleigh waves ( P-, S-, and R- waves) have been used for the condition evaluation of various concrete structures, but the statistical distribution according to the wave type has not been studied clearly in view of data reliability and validity. Therefore, this study analyzed the statistical distribution of P-, S-, R-wave velocities in concrete wide beams of $800{\times}3100mm$ (width ${\times}$ length) with a thickness of 300 mm. In addition, we investigated an experimental consistency by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness-of-fit test. The experimental data showed that the R-, S- and P- wave velocities in order have better statistical stability and reliability for in situ evaluation because R- and S-waves are less sensitive to confinement and boundary conditions. Also, good correlations between wave velocities and strength and modulus of elasticity were found, which indicate them as appropriate techniques for estimating the mechanical properties.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.349-354
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• 2015

Purpose: To investigate the changes of corrective values of astigmatism caused by the position of circle of least confusion on retina in refining astigmatic test using cross cylinder. Methods: 62 subjects (115 eyes) aged $22.24{\pm}2.48$ years participated for this study. After astigmatic test using a radial chart, refining test was performed using a cross cylinder in a condition of maximum plus to maximum visual acuity (MPMVA). Astigmatic refining test was repeatedly performed in each condition of which S+0.75 D, S+0.50 D, S+0.25 D, S-0.25 D, S-0.50 D, and S-0.75 D are added to spherical lenses of MPMVA. The measured values were compared with the values in MPMVA condition. Results: As compared with values in condition of MPMVA, change of astigmatic axis was increased with add the power of (+) spherical lenses and (-) spherical lenses. In same spherical condition, change of astigmatic axis was decreased with increment of astigmatic power (p<0.05). The corrective power of astigmatism was reduced with increment of (+) spherical lenses (p<0.05), and was raised with increment of (-) spherical lenses compared with the power in MPMVA condition. In case of adding (+) spherical lenses, difference of astigmatic power increased with increment of corrective astigmatism power in same test condition. Conclusions: In order to obtain a proper values for corrective astigmatism, position of circle of least confusion should be accurately adjusted before the performing an astigmatism's refining test.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.91-100
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• 2014

This study was to examine how visual angle of matrix corresponding to the physical properties of P300 speller and eye gaze corresponding to the user's personal characteristics influence on the accuracy of P300. Visual angle of the matrix was operated as the distance between the user and the matrix and three groups were composed: 60 cm group, 100 cm groups, and 150 cm group. Eye gaze methods was consisted three conditions. Head moving condition was putting eye gaze using head, pupil moving condition was moving pupil with the head fixed, while the eye fixed condition is to fix the eye gaze at the center of the matrix. The results showed that there was significant difference in the accuracy of P300 speller according to the eye gaze method. The accuracy of the head moving condition was higher than the accuracy of pupil moving conditions, accuracy of pupil moving conditions was higher than the accuracy of the eye fixed conditions. However, the effect of visual angle of matrix and interaction effect were not significant. When P300 amplitude of target character was measured depending on how you stare at the target character, P300 amplitude of the head moving condition was greater than P300 amplitude of the pupil moving condition. There was no significant difference in the error distribution in head moving condition and pupil moving condition, while there was a significant difference between two eye gaze conditions and fixed gaze condition. The error was located at the neighboring characters of the target character in head moving condition and pupil moving condition, while the error was relatively distributed widely in fixed eye condition, error was occurred with high rate in characters far away from the center of matrix.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1233-1240
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• 2011

An augmented asymmetric power GARCH(p, q) process is considered and conditions for stationarity, geometric ergodicity and ${\beta}$-mixing property with exponential decay rate are obtained.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.280-285
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• 2008

This study evaluated the correlation between the body condition score (BCS) during prepartum, calving and postpartum periods and the reproductive performance of Korean brown cattle. The BCSs of 33 cows who underwent 73 calvings over a two and a half period [the parities of the cows ranged from 1 to 4 ($mean{\pm}SD,\;2.0{\pm}0.9$)] were scored at months 2 and 1 prepartum, calving, and every month postpartum until month 7. A marked prepartum loss of BCS in the month preceding calving was noted. The correlations between the interval from calving to conception and the month 1 prepartum, calving and months 1 and 2 postpartum BCSs were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. The correlation between the interval from calving to conception and the prepartum body condition loss was also evaluated. The interval from calving to conception correlated positively with the month 1 prepartum BCS (r = 0.389, P = 0.0007) and the prepartum body condition loss (r = 0.488, P < 0.0001) but did not correlate significantly with the BCS at calving (r=-0.070, P=0.56) or months 1 (r=0.107, P=0.37) or 2 (r=0.102, P=0.39) postpartum. The prepartum body condition loss correlated positively with the month 1 prepartum BCS (r=0.587, P<0.0001). In conclusion, the month 1 prepartum BCS may be a good criterion for predicting subsequent reproductive performance. Moreover, the prevention of obesity and/or excessive prepartum body condition loss may result in higher fertility in Korean brown cattle.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.1451-1470
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• 2020

We are concerned with the following elliptic equations: $$\{(-{\Delta})^s_pu={\lambda}f(x,u)\;{\text{in {\Omega}}},\\u=0\;{\text{on {\mathbb{R}}^N{\backslash}{\Omega}},$$ where λ are real parameters, (-∆)^s_p is the fractional p-Laplacian operator, 0 < s < 1 < p < + ∞, sp < N, and f : Ω × ℝ → ℝ satisfies a Carathéodory condition. By applying abstract critical point results, we establish an estimate of the positive interval of the parameters λ for which our problem admits at least one or two nontrivial weak solutions when the nonlinearity f has the subcritical growth condition. In addition, under adequate conditions, we establish an apriori estimate in L^∞(Ω) of any possible weak solution by applying the bootstrap argument.