• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.11
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• pp.1487-1492
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• 2012

Antioxidant activity and neuroprotective effects of extracts from Cichorium endivia L. (CEL) on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage in neuronal cells were investigated. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of the water and ethanolic extracts from CEL were $36.2{\pm}0.99$, $37.2{\pm}3.76$ mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract, and $46.9{\pm}5.22$, $53.86{\pm}5.09$ mg catechin equivalent/g extract, respectively. In addition, antioxidant activities of the extracts were also determined by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity and reducing power. In an MTT assay on the neuronal cells, the extracts showed a protective effect by increasing cell viability on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage in neuronal cells. Antioxidative enzyme (superoxide dismutase: SOD, catalase: CAT) levels in cultured neuronal cells were increased in the presence of extracts from CEL. It was found that CEL extracts inhibited hydrogen peroxide-induced Bcl-2 and Bax expression in neuronal cells. These results indicate that the CEL extracts possess an antioxidant activity.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.87 no.4
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• pp.458-464
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• 2024

Background: While inhalation therapy efficacy hinges on attaining proper peak inspiratory flow rate (PIFR), the prevalence of inappropriate PIFR among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains unstudied in Korea. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of inappropriate PIFR, its correlation with COPD assessment test (CAT) scores, and factors associated with suboptimal PIFR. Methods: We enrolled 108 patients with COPD who had been using the same inhaler for at least 1 year without exacerbations. PIFR was measured using an inspiratory flow meter (In-Check DIAL G16). Demographic, clinical, pulmonary function, and CAT score data were collected. Inappropriate was defined as PIFR <60 L/min for dry power inhaler (DPI) users, and >90 L/min for aerosol device users. Results: The cohort comprised 87 (80.6%) men, mean age 71.0±8.5 years, with mean post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second of 69.1%±1.8% predicted. Twenty-nine (26.9%) used aerosol devices only, 76 (70.4%) used DPIs only, and three (2.8%) used both. Inappropriate PIFRs were found in 17.2% of aerosol device users, and 42.1% of DPI users. CAT scores were significantly higher in the inappropriate PIFR group than in the appropriate PIFR group (11.2±7.7 vs. 7.5±4.9, p=0.003). In DPI users, female, shorter height, lower body weight and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) were associated with inappropriate PIFR. Conclusion: The prevalence of inappropriate PIFR among patients with COPD is 17.2% for aerosol device users, and 42.1% for DPI users. Suboptimal PIFR correlates with female gender, shorter stature, lower weight and MVV in DPI users.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.203-203
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• 2017

The Earth's climate is rapidly changing because of increasing carbon dioxide content in atmosphere so, climate prediction models anticipate that earth surface temperature will rise by 3 to $5^{\circ}C$ in next 50 to 100 years. Therefore, frequency of un-expected weather events such as drought, salinity, low or high temperature and flooding etc. will be increasing worldwide. Furthermore, increased atmosphere temperature can influence pests and pathogens spread as well. Therefore, to protect enormous grain loss from unexpected weather conditions, studies related with combine stress conditions like abiotic plus biotic stress condition are really required. Thus, our research focused on physiological responses under combined abiotic and biotic stress condition in rice plant. To induce uniform stress condition, we used NaCl (100 mM) and salicylic acid (0.5 and 1.0 mM SA) as each stress a stimulator. Each artificial abiotic and biotic stress inducer was applied to hydroponically grown rice seedlings alone or together for four day. The data were collected in a time-dependent manner [1, 2, 3 and 4 day(s) after treatment (DAT)] and were matched with our anticipation that shoot length and shoot fresh weight was decreased in solo and combined abiotic and biotic stress condition. The lipid peroxidation content was significantly increased ($1.5{\pm}0.2$ to $2.7{\pm}0.1mg$ mg of $MDA\;g^{-1}FW$) in the first two days in both stress exposed plants, and showed the opposite trend ($0.5{\pm}0.01$ to $0.1{\pm}0.001mg$ of $MDA\;g^{-1}FW$) in last two days under multi stress condition. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity did not showed difference in only biotic stress condition (alone 0.5 and 1.0 mM SA) as compared to control however, it was significantly increased in multi stress condition or solo abiotic stress condition whereas, catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities were significantly decreased in solo biotic and combined abiotic and biotic condition. In particular, both enzymes activities were more decreased in multi stress condition as compared to solo biotic stress condition. The results for relative mRNA expression level of CAT and APX enzymes were in agreement with results of spectrophotometric values. Correlation value between each stress condition and phenotypic data showed that biotic stress condition showed high correlation with activity of CAT and APX whilst, abiotic stress condition revealed significant correlation with SOD activity.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.108-118
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• 1991

Interactions between pyridine hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) and m-cresol hydrodeoxygenation(HDO), and the kinetic analysis were studied over sulfided $CoMo/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ catalyst at the range of temperatures between 473 K and 723 K, the total pressures between $10{\times}10^5Pa$ and $50{\times}10^5Pa$, and the contact times between 0.0125 g-cat. hr/ml-feed and 0.03g-cat. hr/ml-feed. HDN of pyridine and HDO of m-cresol were inhibited by each other and the inhibition effect of HDO by pyridine is higher than that of HDN by m-cresol. But reactivity of m-cresol is higher than that of pyridine. The rate equations of pyridine and m-cresol were given to be ${\gamma}_{HDN}=k_{HDN}{\cdot}K_pC_p/(1+K_cC_c+K_pC_p)$ and ${\gamma}_{HDO}=k_{HDO}{\cdot}K_cC_c/(1+K_cC_c+K_pC_p)$ in terms of Langmuir-Hinshellwood-Hougen-Watson model. At each temperature, reaction rate constants and adsorption equilibrium constants were determined and activation energies of pyridine HDN and m-cresol HDO are 13.83kcal/mol, respectively and the heat of adsorption are -6.458 and -5.045kcal/mol, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 2009

Ozone tolerance of tree species was determined by standard index of physiological damages and biochemical defense responses under short-term ozone exposure. At the end of 150ppb $O_3$ fumigation, photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidative enzyme activities were analyzed in the leaves of five species(Koelreuteria paniculata, Firmiana simplex, Styrax japonica, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Viburnum sargentii). Injury index was determined by the effect of ozone on photosynthetic parameters and malondialdehyde(MDA) content, and tolerance index was calculated using the rate of increase in superoxide dismutase(SOD), ascorbate-peroxidase(APX), glutathione reductase(GR) and catalase(CAT) activities. Apparent quantum yield(AQY), carboxylation efficiency(Ce) and photo-respiration rate(PR) decreased in the leaves of five species with increasing ozone exposure time. These parameters were considered as an appropriate indicator for stress evaluation. Antioxidative enzyme activities showed various results depending on the tree species, exposure time, and enzyme types. SOD activity of K. paniculata increased with ozone exposure time, and that of F. rhynchophylla increased only after 6 hours of ozone exposure. CAT activity of $O_3$-exposed F. simplex was lower than the control. Based on standard index, ozone tolerance ability of five species was determined as two tolerant species(F. rhynchophylla > K. paniculata) and three sensitive species(S. japonica > F. simplex > V. sargentii).

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.121-128
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of sperm cryosurvival in boar sperm separated by Percoll containing antioxidant enzymes. The boar semen was collected into a pre-warmed ($37^{\circ}C$) thermos bottle by gloved-hand method and was separated by 65% Percoll with superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) before freezing. The frozen sperm was thawed at $38.5^{\circ}C$ for 45 sec in water-bath for sperm characteristic analysis. The sperm were estimated with SYBR14/PI double staining for viability, FITC-PNA/PI double staining for acrosome reaction, Rhodamine123/PI double staining for mitochondrial integrity and were analyzed using flow cytometry. In results, sperm viability, acrosome reaction and mitochondrial integrity were improved in separated sperm groups compared with unseparated sperm by Percoll (UP) group. Especially, viability was significantly higher in sperm separated by Percoll containing 400 IU CAT group compared with other groups (P<0.05). And acrosome reaction was decreased in sperm separated by Percoll with 300 IU SOD, 400 IU CAT and 0.5 mM GSH groups compared with other groups, however, there were no significantly difference mitochondrial integrity among sperm separated by Percoll with antioxidant enzymes. In conclusion, we suggest that use of Percoll containing antioxidant enzymes for sperm separation will be beneficial for sperm cryopreservation in pigs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.11
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• pp.1286-1292
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,5-DCQA) isolated from Ligularia fischeri against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Antioxidative effects of 3,5-DCQA were determined by measuring antioxidant enzyme [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) glutathione peroxidase (GPx)] expression levels against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress using real-time PCR analysis. 3,5-DCQA treatment significantly increased gene expression levels of SOD, CAT, and GPx in a dose-dependent manner ($10{\sim}30{\mu}g/mL$) in HepG2 cells. Hepatoprotective effects were analyzed by measuring glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities using a biochemistry analyzer in hydrogen peroxide-treated HepG2 cells. 3,5-DCQA treatment significantly reduced GOT, LDH, and GGT activities in a dose-dependent manner ($10{\sim}30{\mu}g/mL$) against increased liver function index enzyme activities induced by hydrogen peroxide oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. The results reveal that 3,5-DCQA compound isolated from Ligularia fischeri can be useful for the development of an effective hepatoprotective agent.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.29-45
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• 2003

Objectives : Suoyounsoodan(首烏延壽丹) composed of Polygonum multiflorum THUNB. and some medical herbs is known as formula of senescence delay effect The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Suoyounsoodan(首烏延壽丹) on antioxidant enzyme activity such as Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS), Superoxide dismutase(SOD), Catalase(CAT), Glutathione peroxidase(GSH-px) in rat plasma and liver. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats divided into 4 groups, Young group(8 weeks old, N-8), Aging group(18 weeks old, N-18), pathologically induced aging group(injected D-galactose 50mg/kg, 1time/day for 6 weeks, CON) and Suoyounsoodan(首烏延壽丹) administered group(D-galactose 50mg/kg and Suoyounsoodan extracts 840.0mg/kg 1time/day for 6 weeks, SOY). Rats were sacrificed and TBARS, SOD, CAT, and GSH-px were mesured in rat plasma and liver. Results: Plasma and liver TBARS concentrations of SOY group was sinificantly lower than that of control. Red blood cell(RBC) SOD activities of SOY group was increased(F=3.405, p=0.034, ANOVA test), and RBC catalase activities of all experimental groups were not significantly different. RBC GSH-px activities of SOY group was increased(F=9.261, p=0.0001, ANOVA test). Liver SOD activities of SOY group was higher than that of control(F=3.806, p=0.023, ANOVA test). Liver catalase activities of all experimental groups were not significantly different, and liver GSH-px activity of SOY group was significantly higher than that of control(F=3.572, p=0.029, ANOVA test). Conclusions: According to the above results, It is considered Suoyounsoodan is effective in inhibiting lipid peroxidation and increasing anti oxidative enzyme activities in D-galactose induced aging rat.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.94-101
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to assess the responses of mixed function oxygenase (MFO) and antioxidative systems of feral Javelin goby, Acanthogobius hasta, caught in two sites of different pollution level in Shihwa lake, which has been a highly polluted lake by organic pollutants from nearby industrial complexes and sites. Enzymes analyzed in phase I of MFO system are cytochrome P450 (CYP), NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (P450R), NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase (b5R), and ethoxyresorufin deethylase (EROD). Phase II enzyme of glutathione S-transferase (GST) in MFO system was also investigated. Moreover, oxidative-enzyme system including catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and total-glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities and glutathione concentration in both of oxidized (GSSG) and reduced form (GSH) were determined. P450R, b5R, and GST activities of fish are relatively high in the polluted area, whereas hepatic EROD activity levels of fish in polluted area were lower than those of unpolluted area. CYP concentrations are not different between areas. These results indicated that feral Acanthogobius hasta were adaptive to highly polluted environment and exposed to oxidative stress in Shihwa lake.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.112-127
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• 2002

Objectives: Younnyeniksoobulrodan(延年益壽不老丹) composed of Polygonum multiflorum THUNB. and some medical herbs is known as formula of senescence delay effect. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Younnyeniksoobulrodan(延年益壽不老丹) on antioxidant enzyme activity such as Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS), Superoxide dismutase(SOD), Catalase(CAT), Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) in rat erythrocytes and liver. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats divided into 4 gorups, Young group(8 weeks old, N-8), Aging group(18 weeks old, N-18), pathologically induced aging gorup(injected D-galatose 50mg／kg, 1time／day for 6 weeks, CON) and Younnyeniksoobulrodan(延年益壽不老丹) administered group(D-galactose 50mg／kg and Younnyeniksoobulrodan extracts 840.0mg／kg 1time／day for 6 weeks, YIB). Rats were sacrificed and TBARS, SOD, CAT, and GSH-px were measured in rat erythrocytes and liver. Results: Plasma and liver TBARS concentrations of YIB group were significantly lower than those of control. Red blood cell(RBC) SOD activities of YIB group was increased(F=3.445, p=0.033, ANOVA test), and RBC catalase activities of all experimental group were not significantly different. RBC GSH-px activities of YIB group was increased(F=9.365,p=0.0001, ANOVA test). Liver SOD activities of YIB group was higher than those of control(F=4.967, p=0.008, ANOVA test). Liver catalase activities of all experimental group were not significantly different, and liver GSH-px activity of YIB group was significantly higher than that of control(F=3.846, p=0.022,ANOVA test). Conclusions: According to the above results, it is considered that Younnyeniksoobulrodan is effective in inhibiting lipid peroxidation and increasing antioxidative enzyme activities in D-galactose induced aging rat.