• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.189-192
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• 2013

An 8-year-old, neutered female Korean short hair cat was referred with severe vomiting and anorexia. Abdominal mass effect was seen in the cranial abdomen on radiographs, and a mass with a heterogeneous echogenic pattern was observed medial to the right kidney on ultrasonography. On computed tomography, a large mass with soft tissue attenuation and a contrast-enhanced capsule was seen. In histopathological findings, the acinar structures were lined with irregular cuboidal cells that have pale eosinophilic cytoplasm and round to oval nuclei. Based on these diagnostic imaging and histopathological findings, the mass was diagnosed as pancreatic exocrine adenocarcinoma.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.207-216
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• 2010

Individual differences of ozone ($O_3$) resistance for seed production, seed germination and seedling development were examined in this study. Five in each healthy and damaged trees of Pinus thunbergii growing in air polluted area for 12 years were chosen based on visible foliar injury and growth. The cones of P. thunbergii, which were collected from healthy and damaged trees, were analyzed for physical characteristics and seeds from the cones were used to test germination percentage under $O_3$ treatment. The germinated seeds were continuously exposed to $O_3$ treatment and the lipid peroxidation and activities of antioxidative enzymes were determined for both seeds and seedlings. The $O_3$ treatment for seed germination and seedling development were conducted at three conditions: control, 150 ppb and 300 ppb of $O_3$. The non-treated seeds from the damaged trees showed 21.6% lower germination than those from the healthy ones. On the $O_3$ treatment of 300 ppb, seed germination decreased approximately 10% for the healthy trees and 19% for the damaged trees compared to that on the control. The seeds from the healthy trees showed significantly higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and catalase (CAT) than those from the damaged trees. The activities of GR, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and CAT decreased along with the increasing $O_3$ concentration in two tree grades. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content of seeds was not influenced by $O_3$ treatment for two tree grades. In seedling development, there were no significant differences for length and biomass of needle and root of two tree grades at both the control and 150 ppb of $O_3$. At 300 ppb of $O_3$ treatment, however, the length and biomass of needle and stem decreased for two tree grades but no significant differences was detected in root. The seedlings from the damaged trees were more sensitive to the $O_3$ treatment, showing higher activities of SOD, APX, and CAT and content of MDA compared to those from the healthy tree seedlings. Our results indicate that seed germination and seedling development are vulnerable to increasing $O_3$ concentrations and that attention must be paid to the individual selection of tree species for reforestation.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.126-129
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• 2006

Effects of Coix lachryma-jobi var. mayuen stapf. ext. on lipidlowering and serum glucose were investigated in hyperlipidemic rat. Concentration of glucose and triglyceride in plasma showed a tendence to decrease in Coix lachryma-jobi var. mayuen stapf. ext. groups. However the values of 100mg/kg treatment group showed no significant difference in control group. Plasma total cholesterol and LDL-chol. showed a low values than those of control group. However HDL-chol. showed no significant difference in all treatment groups, Concentration of liver total cho. and triglyceride showed a tendence to decrease in Coix lachryma-jobi var. mayuen stapf. ext. groups. Concentration of plasma and liver TBARS showed a low values in Coix lachryma-jobi var. mayuen stapf. ext. groups. The values of GSH-Px, SOD and CAT activity showed a tendence to increase in the Coix lachryma-jobi var. mayuen stapf. ext. groups.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.602-605
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• 2006

Effects of Codium fragile ext. on lipid lowering and antioxidant activities were investigated in hyperlipidemic rat. Concentration of FFA and triglyceride in plasma showed a tendency to decrease in Codium fragile ext. groups. Concentration of plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in Codium fragile ext. groupsshowed a low values than those of control group. However concentration of HDL-cholesterol showed no significant difference in all treatment groups. Concentration of liver total cholesterol and triglyceride showed a tendence to decrease in Codium fragile ext. groups. Concentration of plasma and liver TBARS showed a low values in Codium fragile ext. groups. The values of GSH-Px activity showed a tendency to increase in the Codium fragile ext. groups, However the values of SOD and CAT activity showed no significant difference in all treatment groups.

• Clean Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.273-279
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• 2009

$SF_6$, which has a high global warming potential, can be decomposed to sulfur and fluorine compounds through hydrolysis by $H_2O$ or oxidation by $O_2$ over solid acid catalysts. In this study ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ was employed as the solid acid catalyst for the abatement of $SF_6$ and its catalytic activity was investigated with respect to the reaction temperature and the space velocity. The catalytic activity for $SF_6$ decomposition by the hydrolysis reached the maximum at and above 973 K with the space velocity of $20,000\;ml/g_{-cat}{\cdot}h$, exhibiting a conversion very close to 100%. When the space velocity was lower than $45,000\;ml/g_{-cat}{\cdot}h$, the conversion was maintained at the maximum value. On the other hand, the conversion of $SF_6$ by the oxidation was about 20% under the same conditions. The SEM and XRD analyses revealed that the ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ was transformed to ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ during the hydrolysis and to $AlF_3$ during the oxidation, respectively. The size of $AlF_3$ after the oxidation was over $20\;{\mu}m$, and its catalytic activity was low due to the low surface area. Therefore, it was concluded that the hydrolysis over ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ was much more favorable than the oxidation for the catalytic decomposition of $SF_6$.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.984-988
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• 2006

Lipopolysaccharide(LPS) was posttreated after the 14 day-pretreatment of Ulva lactuca fractions(ULF), and their correlativity to enzymatic activity alteration was investigated in the liver of rats. ULF was intraperitoneally administered into rats at dose of $1m{\ell}/kg$ of 100 mg/kg concentration for 14 days. On the day 15, $1m{\ell}/kg$ of LPS was injected. The corelativity was examined by measuring the changed values of superoxide dismutase(SOD) in mitochondrial fraction and catalase(CAT), glutathione peroxidase(GPx) in liver homogenate. The results showed that LPS treatment decreased the high values of SOD, CAT, GPx to the low values, but ULF pretreatment increased the low values of SOD, CAT, GPx to the high values. It was suggested that ULF, LPS and antioxidative enzymes like SOD, CAT, GPx had the corelativity of the high-low-high pattern and that the ULF pretreatment played the proper preventive role in the protection against the LPS treatment-induced enzymatic inactivity in the water fraction.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.518-529
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyze the cognitive demands level of the description about 'element', 'periodic table', and 'atom' on the 'science 2' textbooks by the 2007 revised curriculum. The three types of CAT (Curriculum Analysis Taxonomy) have been used to analyze the cognitive demands level of those contents on the 6 kinds of 'science 2' textbooks. The cognitive demands level about 'elements' on many textbooks is a late concrete operational stage, because the descriptions of 'element' are pure substances or no more split into anything simpler substances. That cognitive demands level about one textbook is a early formal operational stage, because the descriptions 'element' are a substance of one kind of atom. The cognitive demands level of 'periodic table' on many textbooks is a late concrete operational stage, because the descriptions about 'periodic table' are the hierarchical classification for the categorizing reality. And the cognitive demands level of 'periodic table' is a early formal operational stage, because the descriptions about 'periodic table' are a collection of 'families' or two-way gradation of elements. That cognitive demands level about one textbook is a late formal operational stage, because the descriptions of 'periodic table' are a complex classificatory structure linking atomic structure. The cognitive demands level about 'atom' is a early formal operational stage because of the descriptions as "atoms have structure, some atoms are the same, or others are different".

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.155-162
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• 2015

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite with a broad range of intermediate hosts. Chickens as important food-producing animals can also serve as intermediate hosts. To date, experimental studies on the pathogenicity of T. gondii in broiler chickens were rarely reported. The objective of the present study was to compare the pathogenicity of 5 different T. gondii strains (RH, CN, JS, CAT2, and CAT3) from various host species origin in 10-day-old chickens. Each group of chickens was infected intraperitoneally with $5{\times}10^8$, $1{\times}10^8$, $1{\times}10^7$, and $1{\times}10^6$ tachyzoites of the 5 strains, respectively. The negative control group was mockly inoculated with PBS alone. After infection, clinical symptoms and rectal temperatures of all the chickens were checked daily. Dead chickens during acute phage of the infection were checked for T. gondii tachyzoites by microscope, while living cases were checked for T. gondii infection at day 53 post-inoculation (PI) by PCR method. Histopathological sections were used to observe the pathological changes in the dead chickens and the living animals at day 53 PI. No significant differences were found in survival periods, histopathological findings, and clinical symptoms among the chickens infected with the RH, CN, CAT2, and CAT3 strains. Histopathological findings and clinical symptoms of the JS (chicken origin) group were similar to the others. However, average survival times of infected chickens of the JS group inoculated with $5{\times}10^8$ and $1{\times}10^8$ tachyzoites were 30.0 and 188.4 hr, respectively, significantly shorter than those of the other 4 mammalian isolates. Chickens exposed to $10^8$ of T. gondii tachyzoites and higher showed acute signs of toxoplasmosis, and the lesions were relatively more severe than those exposed to lower doses. The results indicated that the pathogenicity of JS strain was comparatively stronger to the chicken, and the pathogenicity was dose-dependent.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.299-306
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• 1999

Purpose : The human genetic disorder ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) is a multisystem disease characterized by extreme radiosensitivity. The recent identification of the gene mutated in AT, ATM, and the demonstration that it encodes a homologous domain of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K), the catalytic subunit of an enzyme involved in transmitting signals from the cell surface to the nucleus, provide support for a role of this gene in signal transduction. Although ionizing radiation was known to induce c-fos transcription, nothing is known about how ATM or PKCI mediated signal transduction pathway modulates the c-fos gene transcription and gene expression. Here we have studied the effect of PKCI on radiation sensitivity and c-fos transcription in normal and AT cells. Materials and Methods: Normal (LM217) and AT (AT5BIVA) cells were transfected with PKCI expression plasmid and the overexpression and integration of PKCI was evaluated by northern blotting and polymerase chain reaction, respectively. 5 Gy of radiation was exposed to LM and AT cells transfected with PKCI expression plasmid and cells were harvested 48 hours after radiation and investigated apoptosis with TUNEL method. The c-fos transcription activity was studied by performing CAT assay of reporter gene after transfection of c-fos CAT plasmid into AT and LM cells. Results: Our results demonstrate for the first time a role of PKCI on the radiation sensitivity and c-fos expression in LM and AT cells. PKCI increased radiation induced apoptosis in LM cells but reduced apoptosis in AT cells. The basal c-fos transcription activity is 70 times lower in AT cells than that in LM cells. The c-fos transcription activity was repressed by overexpression of PKCI in LM cells but not in AT cells. After induction of c-fos by Ras protein, overexpression of PKCI repressed c-fos transcription in LM cells but not in AT cells Conclusion: Overexpression of PKCI increased radiation sensitivity and repressed c-fos transcription in LM cells but not in AT cells. The results may be a. reason of increased radiation sensitivity of AT cells. PKCI may be involved in an ionizing radiation induced signal transduction pathway responsible for radiation sensitivity and c-fos transcription. The data also provided evidence for novel transcriptional difference between LM and AT cells.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.896-901
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• 2017

This study was performed to investigate the protective effects of succinic acid of Succiniter against carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. After an adaptation period of one week, Sprague-Dawley rats were administered succinic acid of Succiniter at 200 mg/kg every day for 21 days. Then $CCl_4$ (3.3 ml/kg) was intraperitoneally injected into rats of the other groups except the normal group, five hours after the last treatment of succinic acid of Succiniter on day 21. The succinic acid-treated group showed 93.20% and 88.76% of inhibitory effects in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities, respectively, compared with the $CCl_4-treated$ group. The succinic acid-treated group showed inhibition of malonedialdehyde (MDA) by 85.17% compared with the $CCl_4-treated$ group. The succinic acid-treated group in liver homogenate promoted effects of 38.65% and 47.99% in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), respectively, compared with the $CCl_4-treated$ group. In conclusion, the AST and ALT activities of the succinic acid-treated group were both decreased compared with the $CCl_4-treated$ group. The MDA level of the succinic acid-treated group was decreased compared with the $CCl_4-treated$ group. However, the SOD and CAT levels of the succinic acid-treated group in liver homogenate were both increased compared with the $CCl_4-treated$ group. Also, histological examinations showed that the liver cell necrosis and centrilobular congestion aggregation induced by $CCl_4$ were clearly eliminated by treatment with succinic acid of Succiniter. These results suggest that succinic acid of Succiniter has a protective effect against liver damage and could be used in the development of the appropriate drug.