• Sijohaknonchong
• /
• v.24
• /
• pp.47-85
• /
• 2006

One of the famous Korean verses, Sijo 'In hemp clothes in winter(삼동에 베옷 입고)' is in thirty kinds of anthologies and ten kinds of Chinese writings. The major point in literary transmission of this work was the writer. The writer of this verse is Cho Sik(조식) in most anthologies. The writer of this work is recorded as Kil Jae(길재), Kim In-hoo(김인후), Kim Eung-jung(김응정), Lee Mong-gyu(이몽규) or Kim Ryung(김령) in Chinese writings. These people were famous for their studies and virtue, but they did not take office and retired from the world until they die. They were faithful to their principles serving their kings, though the country had wanted them to take a position in the government. Even though they did not in government service, they left some anecdotes and stories of lamentation after hearing their king's death. Because these stories and anecdotes can be easily connected with 'In hemp clothes in winter' which is about mourning over death of a king, they were known as the writer of this poem. Especially, their offsprings, juniors and followers often wrote these people as the writer of this work to represent their honor. Throughout the studies of several literary documents, this poem is written by Kim Eung-Jung, who lived in Kangjin(강진) in Jeonla province(전라도) and did not take office in all his life. He made this poem when he had heard the King Myoungjong(명종)'s death. Various transmission of literary documents with the records about 'In hemp clothes in winter' have a significance that can show the aspects of noble men's acceptance and transmission of Sijo.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
• /
• v.58 no.2
• /
• pp.249-277
• /
• 2012

Eugene O'Neill's one-act play Before Breakfast (1916) depicts a morning scene of a married couple who live in a slovenly flat at Greenwich Village. There is no apparent dramatic action occurring in the play. Instead, the play is full of Mrs. Rowland's incessant complaints about her husband Alfred's loafing around bars with artists friends, neglecting his role as breadwinner. An irony is that every morning she prepares breakfast for the good-for-nothing husband even in the moment of complaining. It is worth noting that Alfred is an 'unseen character' who is never directly observed by the audience but is only described by her wife. Deprived of all chances to speak and present himself on stage, he is kept in the room throughout the play. In contrast, Mrs. Rowland dominates the stage, monopolizing language and action. The audience has to listen to her, judge from her statements, and take her one-sided complaints. The accused husband, with zero chance of showing up and defending himself, has no choice but to be the sinner as the wife intends. Another irony is that the audience's feeling about the situation is quite different from what is expected. The wife's complaints are regarded to be unfair and groundless in the reason that the situation is monopolized by her. In case of the husband, in contrast, the loss of voice and presence stresses the injustice of his dead-lock situation. In other words, the 'absent' quality of Alfred works to evoke the audience's sympathy for himself and subsequently makes his presence recognized, not visually but emotionally, by the audience throughout the play. Discovered in this paradoxical moment where the spectators understand or 'see' the status of the unseen and the devoiced message is successfully conveyed to the listeners, is the theatricality of absence. Adding to the function as theatrical device, the 'unseen character' Alfred works as a device of self-reflection to mirror the author's own life. Alfred, the alter-ego of O'Neill, effectively exorcises the author's life-long feeling of guilty as the unfaithful husband and father in the unhappy first marriage, successfully evoking the audience's sympathy for himself.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
• /
• 2017.04a
• /
• pp.86-86
• /
• 2017

마늘파종기는 파종기구동부와 파종후 파종홀의 복토역할을 하는 파종기롤러, 지면과의 마찰을 통해 바퀴의 회전토크가 발생하며 발생된 토크는 파종기 내부 동력으로 전달되어 전체 파종시스템(배종, 호퍼캠, 파종부)을 동작 시키는 기능을 수행하는 파종바퀴, 마늘종구를 한알씩 집어올려 중간이송컵으로 이송하는 자세교정컵이 포함된 배종부와 자세교정컵에서 낙하된 마늘종구를 땅속으로 파종하는 파종장치로 구성된다. 배종율 95%, 2립 배종률 5% 성능을 확보할 수 있는 기술이 개발될 경우 세계적으로도 독보적인 기술 우위를 확보할 수 있다. 이와 같은 기본적인 기능을 구현할 수 있는 컨셉모델에 대한 설계를 수행하여 시제품개발 전 기구해석과 구조해석 등을 위한 기본설계를 수행하였다. 배종율 95% 이상을 확보하기 위해서는 기존의 현장경험의 의한 설계 방식으로는 한계가 있기 때문에 시뮬레이션 및 분석 개발이 필요한데, 프레임은 고정밀 마늘종구 배종부 장착을 위한 기본 구조물로써 작동시 동력을 얻기 위한 바퀴와 연계가 되도록 설계되었으며, 호퍼는 배종 수행을 위해 마늘을 저장해 두는 통으로써 배종부와 연결된다. 배종부의 배종판이 회전함에 따라서 배종판의 홈이 호퍼 내로 들어갔다 나오면서 마늘을 집게되며, 동력 전달부는 배종판을 회전시켜주고, 회전 속도 조절을 가능하게 한다. 파종부는 배종부에서 중간컵을 통해 하나씩 공급해준 마늘을 땅에 심는 부분으로서. 프레임의 바퀴 회전과 연동되어 회전하고 설계하였다. 배종판에서 중간컵으로 이송된 마늘을 파종부의 파종컵에 받아 회전하면서 땅속에 파종컵이 묻히면 파종컵이 열리면서 땅속에 마늘을 심는 원리이다. 조간조정은 7조식의 경우 초기설치시 고정되도록 설계되었으며 농촌진흥청 기계화 표준재배안에 따라 의성마늘 기준 $14{\times}14cm$(조간${\times}$주간)를 기준으로 개발하였다. 조간조정은 기계가 설치되면 조정하기 어려우므로 14cm로 설계하였으며, 주간조정은 원형배종장치의 구동기어부의 속도비로 간격을 조정할 수 있도록 기어장치를 설계하였다. 주간조정은 13에서 18cm의 범위에서 작동하도록 설계되었으며, 필요에 따라 간격조절이 가능함. 마늘은 그 크기가 다르고, 형상도 다르기 때문에 종자에 따른 개별적인 파종기술들이 개발되어야하기 때문에 개발 기간이 오래 걸리고, 수익에 비하여 개발비가 과다하게 요구되는 실정인데 축적된 시뮬레이션 툴을 이용한 파종기 분석 기술을 확보할 경우 다른 파종기의 연구 개발에도 크게 도움이 될 것으로 기대되며, 생육측정 실험과 동역학 해석 툴 RecurDyn을 통해 파종기의 기구학적 분석을 통한 설계반영 인자를 도출할 계획이다.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
• /
• v.51 no.1
• /
• pp.187-192
• /
• 2017

In various crops, seedlings are preferred to seeds for faster and more effective growth, so transplanters are used for them. This 2-row transplanter was developed to promote the mechanization of vegetable transplanting work which depends on human power. and it can automatically supply seedling tray and transport picked up seedling to the planting hopper. Also, we judged performance of transplanter with comparing seedling missing plant ration according to two types of pick-up method. Result of experiment, in finger-type picking up of 265 seedlings, missing plant ratio was 13.7% with 17 failures of pick-up and 15 collapse of bed soil. and In fork-type picking up of 200 seedlings, failure of pick-up was not appeared and missing plant ratio was low as 4% with 6 dropped during transfer. Therefore for 2-row automatic transplanter, fork-type pick-up device was found to be compatible.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.225-231
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between oral health habits and oral diseases in an attempt to raise awareness of the need for prolonged dental checkup projects and lay the foundation for oral health education and sustained oral health care projects. The subjects in this study were 2,643 workers from 76 workplaces in Siwha Industrial Complex in the city of Ansan, Gyeonggi province, who were at the age of 20 and up. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. Concerning the experience of visiting a dental clinic over the past year, 760 male workers (37.4%) and 237 females (38.9%) visited dental clinics in the past year. By age group, those who were in their 50s (54.0%) visited dental clinics the most, and the workers in their 30s (67.9%) paid a visit the least. The gap between the age groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001). 2. In regard to the time for toothbrushing by age group, the workers in their 20s (64.6%) made up the largest group that brushed their teeth before breakfast, and those who were in their 60s and up constituted the greatest group that did toothbrushing after breakfast. The workers in their 20s brushed their teeth the least, as the rates of the workers of this age group who did toothbrushing after breakfast and dinner respectively stood at 64.0 percent and 54.5 percent. The disparities between the age groups were statistically significant (p < 0.001). 3. As for scaling experience for the past year, 302(46.0%) out of the workers who got their teeth scaled in the past year had periodontal diseases, and 1,600(80.6%) out of those who didn't suffered from periodontal diseases. The gap between them was statistically significant (p < 0.001). 4. Regarding the relationship of subjective oral health state to dental caries among the workers without dental caries, the largest group that numbered 327(54.1%) considered themselves to be in good oral health. In the event of the workers with dental caries, the greatest group that numbered 708(75.5%) found themselves to have one or more carious tooth(teeth). The disparity between them was statistically significant (p < 0.001). 5. As for connections between dietary habits and dental caries, those who had dental caries (2.29) showed a greater preference for snack than the others who hadn't (2.21). The preference for snack made a bigger statistically significant difference to dental caries than the other dietary habits (p < 0.05).

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.142-152
• /
• 1992

This paper presentes a new method to measure high electric field (or high voltage) by using crystalline SiO2 which has very high half wave voltage. There are many difficulties in measuring high electric field using other crystals which have generally low half wave voltage.By applying Stokes parameter and Mueller matrix. We derive optical modulation equation in the sensor which is composed of a polarizer, and Mueller matrix, we derive optical modulation equation in the sensor which is composed of a polarizer, a Pokels material, and an analyzer, We theoretically analyzed electro-optic effect, and calculated the phase retardation and half wave volt age of the birefringent material. The designed optical valtage sensor has very excellent linearity up to 20KV without divided volt-age. The maximum error was measured within 3%. Before annealing of Sio2 crystal, the maximum variation of the output voltage is 7.5% with varying temperature from \ulcorner20˚c to 60˚c. But, after annealing of SiO2 crystal, the output voltage variation is improved within 1%error.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.337-343
• /
• 1981

Growth duration and grain and silage yields of corn was studied at eight planting dates. Yield of com was similar among planting dates upto April 25 for grain and May 10 for silage, but it decreased as planting date was delayed after the critical planting date. The number of days from planting to silking varied from 108 to 52 days according to planting dates, but growing degree days (GDD) from planting to silking was similar regardless planting dates. Both the number of days and GDD from silking to physiological maturity was similar among the planting dates when corn was planted before the above critical planting dates. However, when corn was planted later than the critical planting dates, the number of days from silking to maturity was extended as planting was delayed although GDD was similar among the planting dates.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.39-43
• /
• 2004

This study was conducted to determine the optimum planting distance under rain-shielding condition for improving quality and productivity of squash by staking cultivation. The squashes were grown by 3 planting distances, such as 120${\times}$30, 120${\times}$40 and 120${\times}$50 cm during 3 months under non heat condition. The vine length, fresh weight and leaf area were reduced as planting distance was decreased until main branch was pinching. The first female flowering day and first fruit setting nodes were not different among treatments. The first fruit length and second fruit weight were increased in 120${\times}$50 cm planting distance, but the soluble solid contents were not different among treatments. In 120${\times}$30 cm plant distance, total yield was highest (6,510 kg/10a), but marketable yie이 was lowest. When the planting distance was between 120${\times}$40 cm and 120${\times}$50 cm, the marketable rate was similar (over 98%), but marketable yield was highest in 120${\times}$40 cm planting distance (5,012 kg/10a). The results of this study indicated that the optimum planting distance of staking cultivation in squash seemed to be 120${\times}$40cm.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
• /
• no.54
• /
• pp.387-416
• /
• 2014

This article explored the duplicity relation between the Daxue/Zhongyong of Confucianism and the Yonghobigyeol of Taoism, which was advocated by Bongwoo Gwon Tae-hoon, who was a Confucian scholar and the progenitor of Sundoism. The view of Bongwoo Gwon Tae-hoon was that the Confucian scriptures that contain the mind control method handed down from Confucius are Daxue, Zhongyong and Zhouyixicichuan (周易繫辭傳). His another view was that Zhuzi (朱子) intentionally did not expose the original object of Confucian mind control method in the interpretation of Sangangling (三綱領) of Daxuezhangju (大學章句) annotated by him, since he was invoked by the contemporary logic of Sung Period (宋代). Bongwoo Gwon Tae-hoon added a new annotation on Daxue Sangangling and tried to disclose the original object of Confucian mind control method through new interpretation by explaining the implied meaning of character '中' (zhong) of Zhongyong Yunzhijuezhong (允執厥中) by way of Iljungron (一中論). In addition to this new interpretation, Bongwoo Gwon Tae-hoon took the Yuanxiangfa (原象法), which Confucius compiled as the extract of Yijing (易經) from Zhouyixicichuan (周易繫辭傳), as the core of Confucian metaphysical philosophy study. He suggested Yuanxiangfa as a methodology to reach the ultimate target of study together with the Yonghobigyeol of Taoism and paid attention to the close relationship between the two. Bongwoo Gwon Tae-hoon verified the original object of Daxue by new interpretation on Daxue Sangangling, left an analytical thought on the consistency among Daxue, Zhongyong and Xicichuan (繫辭傳) and the study method of Igyohabil (異敎合一), where he integrated the principle of Taoism and Confucianism. Bongwoo Gwon Tae-hoon left a new topic to Korean world of thought, which is as important as the Seondanhosuron (禪丹互修論) of Cheonghaja Gwon Geuk-jung (靑霞子 權克中) in Joseon Period.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• v.3
• /
• pp.129-150
• /
• 1985

The present investigation was conducted to provide a systematic approach necessary to establish an integrated insect pest management program of barley in Korea. Some ecological surveys on insect pests of barley have been undertaken at the field of Experimental Station, Ky$\check{o}$ngbuk Provincial Office of Rural Development as a fixed point survey area, and at 23 localities for round survey throughout southern and central Korea from 1983 to 1984. Previously known insects injurious to barley in Korea were revised and the population dynamics of 10 dominant harmful species were analyzed according to either 24 localities or 25 cultivars respectively by using several sampling methods of net sweeping, black light traps, yellow water pan traps and visual counting. As the results, a total of 94 species belonging to 77 genera under 32 families are known to be injurious to barley, among them 20 species are newly added here. In the population density level, the dominant species were disclosed as Laodelphax striatellus (43.1 %), Macrosiphum avenae(27.0 %), Rhopalosiphum padi(6.5 %), R. maidis(5.4 %), Psammolettix strialus(2.7 %), Chlorops oryzae(2.2 %), Agromyza albipennis(2.1 %) Phyllotreta nemorum(1.4 %), Chaetoenema cylindrica(1.0 %), Dolycoris baccarum(1.0 %) in order. For the general abundance of major insect pests, it was highest in the cultivar P'aldal whereas lowest in Milyang #22. There were tendencies that Psammotettix striatus, Dolycoris baccarum, Phyllotreta nemorum and Chaetocnema cylindrica represented a maximum increase in the beginning of June, while Chlorops oryzae and Agromyza albipennis showed in the middle of May but aphids were in the end of May. In the dominance of natural enemies, Nabis stenoferus occupied 21.4 % and Propylaea japonica 9.6 %.