• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• 제36집
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• pp.153-199
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• 2020

The teachings of Sangje teachings have been spread to humanity and were provided as basis for building the earthly paradise due to His having performed the Reordering Works of the Universe (Cheonjigongsa) for nine years. The work that remains will be completed year by year following the cosmic program that Sangje set for the universe. The chapters titled 'Gyoun (Progress of the Order)' in Jeon-gyeong (The Canonical Scripture) can be summarized into three parts: Viewing Gyoun, Spreading Gyoun, and Establishing the firm ground of Gyoun. Viewing Gyoun is seeing how the teachings would be transmitted from the beginning to end. The work of Gyoun was established by Sangje and promoted as the teachings of Sangje which will ultimately unfold into the realization of an earthly paradise. Spreading Gyoun is performed by disciples who received the teachings from Sangje and then the successor to whom Sangje transmitted the religious authority. Since chapter two of Gyoun is about the hagiography of Doju Jo Jeongsan, it is shown that Doju unfolded and developed Sangje's teachings. Establishing the firm ground of Gyoun is carried out to enable practitioners to understand that Dotong-gunja ('Dao-Empowered Sages,' Earthly Immortals) will be produced as a result of Sangje's Reordering Works of Heaven and Earth and that humans can perfect themselves through cultivating the Dao. In conclusion, Gyoun can be summarized as a process that started during Doju Jo Jeongsan's 50 years (1909~1958) of holy works and spreading of the teachings. Next, it was continued through the time of Dojeon who was bestowed with religious authority through Doju's last words. Dojeon, like Doju before him, spread the teachings. In later times, there will be Dotong-gunjas who transmit Sangje's teachings to the whole world. Although the above characterizations are accurate, I compared some verses from Chapter 1 of Progress of the Order (Gyoun) in The Canonical Scripture (Jeon-gyeong) of Daesoon Jinrihoe to the 6 th edition (1965) of Daesoon Jeongyeong, a key scripture from the earliest strata of Jeungsanist scriptures, and found that there were a few earlier variations of the same content. The use of words and sentences were different though in several of these verses. Also, some of the verses indicated alternative historical dates (years), and some of the verses from Chapter 1 of Progress of the Order from The Canonical Scripture do not appear anywhere in the 6^th edition of Daesoon Jeong-gyeong.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.109-114
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical results of ACL reconstruction between two groups using hamstring tendon autograft and tibialis anterior tendon allograft. Materials and Methods: Between January 2006 and June 2007, we analyzed 68 cases of ACL reconstruction, 32 cases using hamstring tendon autograft and 36 cases using tibialis anterior tendon allograft, with a minimum follow-up of 24 months. For the clinical evaluation, we evaluated the Lysholm score, anterior laxity by Telos device and KT-2000 arthrometer. Results: The mean diameter of graft were 8.0 mm (7.0~9.0 mm) in autograft group and 9.1 mm (8.0~10.0 mm) in allograft group. In all cases, the range of motion was above 135 degrees. The average side to side difference in Telos stress test decreased from $7.3{\pm}1.0$ mm to $2.4{\pm}1.1$ mm in autograft group and from $7.4{\pm}1.2$ mm to $2.3{\pm}1.3$ mm in allograft group. The average Lysholm knee score improved from $72.6{\pm}3.4$ to $92.3{\pm}3.5$ in autograft group and from $72.3{\pm}3.5$ to $91.6{\pm}3.3$ in allograft group. There was no significant difference between two groups in clinical results. Conclusion: Both hamstring tendon autograft and tibialis anterior tendon allograft groups showed satisfactory clinical results, with no significant difference in outcomes between the groups. We suggest that both hamstring tendon autograft and tibialis anterior tendon allograft will be considered as acceptable graft for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 한국방송공학회 2013년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.48-49
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• 2013

Saliency는 인간의 시각에서 관심 영역이나 객체를 찾기 위한 기법으로 최근 영상 리타겟팅, 영상분할 등에 다양하게 활용되고 있다. 기존 제안된 방법들을 전체영상을 대상으로 saliency map을 구하게 되어, 복잡한 객체들의 구성, 큰 전경객체들의 존재 등의 경우에는 성능이 저하되는 문제점이 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 배경이 존재하는 영상들을 대상으로 기존 방식중의 하나인 histogram based contrast(HBC)을 개선하는 방법을 제안한다. 배경영역의 빈도확률을 HBC에 적용하여 배경에 존재하는 픽셀값의 saliency을 감소하면, 상대적으로 전경에 존재하는 픽셀들의 saliency는 증가하게 된다. 실험에서는 제안한 기법으로 배경의 saliency는 감소하고, 전경객체는 증가하는 것을 증명하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 한국방송공학회 2015년도 하계학술대회
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• pp.129-132
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 기존의 배경 분리 알고리즘 결과에 GrabCut 알고리즘을 도입하여 보다 정확한 배경 분리를 수행하고자 한다. 기존의 알고리즘은 동영상의 프레임 간 정보만을 이용하여 배경 확률 모델을 만들고 배경과 전경을 분리한다. 제안하는 알고리즘에서는 먼저 프레임 간의 정보를 이용하여 간단하게 배경과 전경을 분리하는 기존의 배경 분리 알고리즘을 적용한다. 분리된 결과의 정확도를 향상시키기 위해 프레임 내의 정보를 이용하는 GrabCut 알고리즘을 적용한다. 즉, 본 연구에서는 동영상의 프레임 간 정보와 프레임 내 정보를 모두 이용하여 배경과 전경을 분리하고자 한다. 실험결과에서 Change Detection Workshop dataset 에 포함된 몇 가지 영상에 대해 실험 한 후 결과 영상 비교 및 F-measure 를 통해 개선된 결과를 확인할 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 한국정보과학회 2003년도 가을 학술발표논문집 Vol.30 No.2 (2)
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• pp.520-522
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• 2003

디지털데스크는 일반 책상 표면에 프로젝션 화면을 만들어 가상물체를 사람이 직접 조작할 수 있는 인터페이스를 제공한다. 이러한 인터페이스를 구축하기 위해서는 전경물체 검출이 필수 과정인데, 지금까지는 조명과 배경의 변화로 인한 색상의 변화로 인하여 색상 정보를 사용하지 못하였다. 본 논문에서는 디지털데스크 상에서 색상 정보를 이용하여 전경물체를 검출하는 방법을 제안한다. 디지털데스크의 화면은 프로젝터를 통해 책상 표면에 투사되고, 투사된 화면은 카메라를 통해 영상으로 획득되는데, 이때 많은 왜곡이 존재하게 된다. 우리는 이런 왜곡을 기하 왜곡과 색 휘도의 왜곡 두가지로 정의하여 모델링하였고. 실험 결과에서 제안된 방법의 실효성을 입증하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 한국정보과학회 2012년도 한국컴퓨터종합학술대회논문집 Vol.39 No.1(C)
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• pp.388-390
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• 2012

도시 지역의 영상에서는 가로수, 행인, 자동차 등 3차원 대상이 아닌 전경 물체가 빈번하게 나타남에 따라 건물 모델의 텍스처 생성에 어려움이 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 건물 영상에서 전경 물체에 의한 가림이 제거된 정명평행 텍스처를 생성하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 사용자 조작을 이용하여 반자동으로 전경 물체에 의해 가려진 영역을 찾고, 이를 인페인팅 기법을 통해 채워넣음으로서 facade에 대한 텍스처를 생성한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 한국정보과학회 2004년도 봄 학술발표논문집 Vol.31 No.1 (B)
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• pp.784-786
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• 2004

프로젝션 화면(projection display) 상에 보여지는 가상의 물체를 사용자가 직접 조작할 수 있는 인터페이스를 제공하기 위해서는 전경 물체를 검출해내는 과정이 필수적이다. 이전의 색상 정보만을 이용하는 방법은 몇 가지 제약 조건을 가지고 있었다. 본 논문은 색상 보정 (color calibration)과 스테레오 정보(stereo information)를 이용하여 프로젝션 화면 내의 전경물체를 검출하는 방법을 제안한다. 실험에서는 프로젝터를 통해 책상 표면에 투사되는 영상과 일반 캠코더를 통해 얻어진 영상 사이의 왜곡을 기하 왜곡과 색상 왜곡으로 정의하여 모델링 하였고, 스테레오 정보를 이용하여 얻어진 최종 결과를 통해 제안된 방법의 실효성을 입증할 수 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.557-566
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• 2009

This study was to investigate gender differences in muscle activities on tibialis anterior muscle, gastrocnemius and vastus medialis obliqus and outside and prime mover, antagonist and assistance mover during golf drive swing by electromyography. Ten healthy professional golfers (KPGA(n)=5, KLPGA(n)=5) volunteered in this experiment. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS. Statistical differences were assess using t-test (p<.05). The conclusion of this study was as following. Muscle dislocation of differences, according to gender, was the highest in case of males in right side of gastrocnemius with the section from the address to the backswing of top and was the highest in case of females in tibialis anterior muscle. Results also show that prime mover was left side of low muscle in case of male with all the sections and situations and is right side low muscle in case of female. These results were significant differences. In case of males, it was though that primer mover was left side of tibialis anterior muscle with moving weight from backswing of top till the address section. In case of females, primer movers were right side of vastus medialis obliqus and tibialis anterior muscle with pushing action form the right knee to the left knee. Therefore, if they try to do the training be able to development right side of vastus medialis obliqus and tibialis anterior muscle in case of females and left side of vastus medialis obliqus and tibialis anterior muscle in case of males, it is consider that golfers' distance and direction will get better.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• 제35집
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• pp.1-37
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• 2020

In this paper, we investigated the principle of appropriation by which mythology and literature were accepted in the unique religious context of The Canonical Scripture (Jeongyeong 典經). First, we knew that almost all of the gods that appeared in the discourse of Kang Jeungsan (姜甑山) were related to Eastern Yi (東夷) mythology and deeply rooted in folklore. This is because the cultural tendency and historic consciousness of Kang Jeungsan was influenced by Danhakpa (the Danhak School 丹學派). Secondly, when we investigated the acceptance of literature into The Canonical Scripture, we discovered that Tang Poetry (唐詩), Romance of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguoyanyi 三國演義), and Journey to the West (Xiyouji 西遊記) were widely accepted in Kang Jeungsan's discourse. These works were used in diverse ways such as predictions, healing, and meditation. We knew that popular classical work like these were religiously appropriated in the context of The Canonical Scripture. Lastly, we investigated the mechanisms by which mythical and literary imagination was transformed into the Jeungsanist religious movements. Those mechanisms included the magical power of letter and images, sense-cognition of poetry, and the representational ability of mimesis. In conclusion, mythical and literary imagination helped Jeungsanist religious movements gain popularity and spread Kang Jeungsan's soteriology. This is especially true of how it transformed into unique religious techniques which functioned as key elements of the Reordering Works (公事).

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• 제35집
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• pp.255-293
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• 2020

This study examines the God, Jiutian Yingyuan Leisheng Puhua Tianzun (九天應元雷聲普化天尊, 'The Supreme God of the Ninth Heaven, Celestial Worthy of Universal Creation through His Thunderbolt, the Originator with Whom All Beings Resonate' in Daesoon Jinrihoe), in terms of narrative imagination, by investigating the narrative of Wen Zhong (聞仲) in Investiture of the Gods (Fengshenyanyi 封神演義) and the narrative of Kang Jeungsan (姜甑山) in The Canonical Scripture (Jeongyeong 典經). This examination occurs along three dimensions: Firstly, I look into the cultural contexts of the image of the Thunder God (雷神) in Gojoseon (古朝鮮) mythology and the Korean seondo (仙道) tradition both of which are reflected in the narrative of Wen Zhong. At the same time, I also argue that the cultural contexts examined above are able to be found in the narrative of Kang Jeungsan. Secondly, I consider the essential meaning of the concept of "deifying" (封神) in the narrative of Wen Zhong and its connection to "the resolution of grievances" (haewon 解冤) in the narrative of Kang Jeungsan. Thirdly, I consider the traits of embracing heterogeneous things (異類) in the religious group "Jiejiao" (截敎) that Wen Zhong belonged to in relation to the values of "mutual beneficence" (sangsaeng 相生) that Kang Jeungsan pursued. In this study's conclusion, I posit that the "mentalité" of Dong-yi (東夷) culture and tales including Yin (殷) is identifiable in narrative imagination applied to the God, Jiutian Yingyuan Leisheng Puhua Tianzun. This means that the nature of Jiutian Yingyuan Leisheng Puhua Tianzun is closely related to the tradition of Korean seondo and Korean Daoism.