Distribution of S-100 protein-immunoreactive cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the catfish, Silurus asotus was investigated by PAP method. S-100 protein-immunoreactive cells were mainly observed just under the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. Immunoreactive cells were distributed numerously in the stomach and moderately in the middle part of the intestine, however, a few in the upper and lower part of the intestine.

태아기, 신생아기, 생후 1개월령, 6개월령 및 성체의 한국재래산양 췌장에서 pancreatic poluypeptide(PP) 면역반응세포의 분포 및 출현빈도를 PAP 법에 의해 검색하였다. 외분비부에서는 모든 연령에서 관찰되었으며 췌장세포 사이에 분포하였다. PP 면역반응세포는 신생아가기에서 생후 1개월에 증가한 후 점차 감소하였다. 췌도관에서는 PP 면역반응세포가 생후 1개월부터 관찰되면 그후 점차 감소하였다. 췌도관에서는 PP 면역반응세포가 생후 1개월부터 관찰되면 그후 점차 감소하였다. 이들 면역반응세포는 생후 1개월령 및 6개월령의 췌도관 상피하 결합조직에서 소수 관찰되었다. 그러나 성체에서는 췌도관 상피세포 사이에서 극소수 관찰되었다. 그러나 성체에서는 췌도관 상피세포 사이에서 극소수 관찰되었다. 내분비부(췌장섬)에서 PP 면역반응세포는 신생아기부터 관찰되며, 생후 1개월령부터의 PP면역세포의 분포는 췌장성 주변부에 중등도 또는 소수가 산재하는 것과 다수의 PP 면역반응세포가 췌도 전체 (생후 1개월령)또는 췌도 중앙부(생후 6개월령)에 산재하는 것 등 두가지 유형을 나타내었다. 결론적으로 한국 재래산양의 췌장에 있어서 PP 면역반응세포의 분포와 출현빈도는 발생단계에 따라 상이하였다. 이는 발생단계 동안의 식이성 및 생리학적 조건변화가 이와같은 상이함을 유발하는 요인이 된 것으로 사료된다.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the involvement of CPP32 (caspase-3), one of the death-related enzymes, in the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). EAE was induced in Lewis rats immunized with an emulsion of rat spinal cord homogenate with complete Freunds adjuvant supplemented with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Ra, 5mg/ml). The expression of CPP32 in the spinal cords of rats with EAE was studied. In normal rat spinal cords, CPP32 is constitutively, but weakly, expressed in neurons and some neuroglial cells. In the EAE spinal cords, many inflammatory cells were positive for CPP 32, and the majority of CPP32(+) cells were identified as ED1(+) macrophages. During this stage of EAE, the number of CPP32(+) cells in brain cells, including neurons and astrocytes, increased, and these cells also had increased CPP32 immunoreactivity. CPP32 immunor eactivity was not always matched with apoptosis of inflammatory cells in EAE lesions. We speculate that CPP32, which is constitutlvely expressed in brain cells, increases in response to neuroimmunological stimulation in both brain neuronal cells and inflammatory cells. The functional role of CPP32 in neuroimmunological disorders is discussed.

The morphological development of lingual papillae in fetuses between 60, 90, 120 days gestation and neonates of Korean native goat were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. In 60 day old fetuses, the primordia of lingual papillae were observed on the dorsal surface epithelium and those of papillae were primordial fungiform, vallate and conical papillae. The many of microridges and microplicae were observed on the surface of those epithelial cells. In 90 day old fetuses, the rudiment of lentiform and filiform papillae were appeared. There were microplicaes on the surface of the conical papillae epithelium. In the 120 day old fetuses, the lingual papillaes were well developed. The taste bud were opened on the top of vallate papillae that were compactly many of short microvilli. Moreover, secondary papillae partially were observed on top of vallate papillae. In neonate, the fungiform, vallate and lentiform papillae were similar to the adult lingual papillae, but filiform and conical papillae were different from the mature lingual papillae. The outline of filiform papillae were irregularly in indented, but those of conical papillae were regularly. The diameters of filiform, fungiform, conical, vallate and lentiform papillae were about 80~100, 190~250, 230~470, 360~670 and $730{\sim}1,140{\mu}m$, respectively. The height of filiform and conical papillae were about $130{\sim}140{\mu}m$ and $145{\sim}250{\mu}m$.

The locus coeruleus(LG) is known to be observed a sexual dimorphism in rat CNS. LC is the largest collections of norepinephrine(NE)-containing neurons in the mammalian brain. Especially in rat, all LC neurons contained NE unlike other mammalians, so that specific reactions were found in the tyrosine-hydroxylase(TH) immunoreactive neurons. Sexual dimorphism of rat LC has affected by genes before sex hormone appeared, thereafter affected by sex hormones. In these day, many scientists founded morphological differences between male and female LC morphology, but differences of entire structure was not founded. Thus we investigated sex differences of the LC neuron's morphology in rat by three-dimensional(3-D) reconstruction using Confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM). We reported that neuron's shape was relatively-large multipolar neurons and neuron's processes in dorsal LC proceeded to ventral direction in the male and female rat. Male had a longer anterior-posterior length than female had in dorsal LC. In addition to middle-LC, male rat's LC had a more thicker posterior region but had not viewed in a previous study. In reverse, female rat's LC had a thicker anterior region like a previous study. This results using 3-D reconstruction by CLSM showed that the male's LC was more wide-ranging than female's relatively.

Until now peudorabies virus(PRV) has been used a neurotracer, because of it's properties of retrograde & anterograde transport. But it's anterograde transfort is not perfect, so we tested the applicability of the Bartha strain of PRV(PRV-Ba) isolated from South Korea as a neurotracer in the visual system. We performed immunohistochemical study of the rabbit brain after intravitreal injection of the PRV-Ba. After given survival time(24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144hrs), the brain was removed and processed immunohistochemical stain for PRV-Ba. The strong PRV immunoreactivity(PRV-ir) were almost oberserved contralaterally in oculomotor neurons, fro example Edinger-Westphal nucleus, trigerminal nucleus of pons and peritrigerminal zone but locus of innervating sensitive neurons. The latter were weak positive and selective. PRV-Ba immunoreactive neurons were stained strongly in nucleus compared to cytoplasm. This study suggests that PRV-Ba isolated from South Korea is also a useful neurotracer in the motor innervated system like other PRV-strain.

새로운 항HIV 후보물질인 19개의 KR-V 경구제제의 생체이용률을 평가하기 위해 랫드에서 정맥 및 경구투여후 약물동태를 연구하였다. 혈장내 KR-V 화합물들의 검출은 HPLC-UVD 법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 19개 KR-V series 중 KR-V 3, 10, 14, 16 및 18-1만이 랫드에서 경구로 흡수되어 생체이용성을 나타내었다. 10mg/kg의 정맥투여후 약물 통태 연구에 있어서는 5개물질, KR-V3, 10, 14, 16 및 18-1의 소실 반감기는 서로 비슷하였으나 KR-V 3, 10, 14 및 16의 총청소율($CL_{total}$, >4L/hr/kg)은 KR-V 18-1(1.1L/hr/kg) 보다 유의성있게 높았다. KR-V 3, 10, 14 및 16에 비해 KR-V3 18-1이 혈중곡선하면적(AUC, $8.97{\mu}g{\cdot}hr/ml$)은 크고 겉보기분포용적(Vd, 0.58L/kg)은 적었다. 50mg/kg의 경구투여후 약물동태 연구에 있어서는 KR-V 18-1의 반감기가 다른 4개의 물질에 비해 비록 짧았지만 경구 AUC($3.659{\mu}g{\cdot}hr/ml$), 최고혈중농도($C_{max}$, $1.891{\mu}g/ml$) 는 현저히 높았다. 또한 별도의 in virus 실험결과 생체이용률을 나타낸 이들 5개의 물질들 중 KR-V 18-1만이 HIV-1 돌연변이종(mutants)에 대한 억제효과를 나타내었다. 따라서 KR-V 18-1이 항에이즈(AIDS)제의 새로운 후보물질 혹은 선도물질로서 가능성이 기대되었다.

Several recent studies demonstrate that receptor-mediated cAMP (adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate) production evokes marked change in magnesium ($Mg^{2+}$) homeostasis. The effects of dimaprit or/and phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors on the $Mg^{2+}$ release from perfused guinea pig heart and collagenase-dispersed myocytes was studied to clarify an association of $H_2-histaminergic$ receptor-mediated $Mg^{2+}$ regulation with intracellular cAMP-degradation system. $Mg^{2+}$ efflux was stimulated in perfused hearts and myocytes by IBMX (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine), a calmodulin-sensitive PDE inhibitor, but not by RO 20-1724(4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone) or papaverine, cAMP-specific PDE inhibitors. $Mg^{2+}$ efflux was also be induced by dimaprit, a H-2-agonist. $Mg^{2+}$ effluxes induced by dimaprit were augmented by the presence of the PDE inhibitors. The augmentation of dimaprit-induced $Mg^{2+}$ effluxes by the PDE inhibitors were inhibited by ranitidine, a $H_2-antagonist$, and imipramine, a $Na^{+}-Mg^{2+}$ exchange inhibitor, in perfused hearts and myocytes and were also inhibited by amiloride in perfused hearts. These results suggest that the $H_2$-stimulated $Mg^{2+}$ effluxes from guinea pig heart can be regulated by the cytosolic nonspecific-dependent PDE systems and that it is induced by the $Na^{+}-Mg^{2+}$ exchanger stimulation.

본 연구에서는 Streptozotocin-induced 당뇨가 혈청과 간장 및 신장조직의 IGF-I, IGFBPs 및 IGF-I carrier protein 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 혈액과 조직중의 IGF-I 농도는 방사면역측정법으로 측정하였고, IGFBPs 양상은 Western Ligand Blotting(WLB)으로 관찰하였으며, IGF-I carrier protein의 특성은 column chromatography로 측정하였다. 혈청과 IGF-I 농도는 당뇨군이 대조군에 비하여 유의하게 감소하였다 (p<0.01). 당뇨군은 대조군에 비하여 간장 IGF-I 농도는 유의하게 감소한 반면, 신장의 IGF-I 농도는 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.01). 당뇨군은 대조군에 비하여 혈청과 간장의 IGFBP-3는 감소한 반면, IGFBP-2는 증가하였고, IGFBP-4는 변화가 없었다. 또한 당뇨군은 대조군에 비하여 150kDa carrier protein은 감소하였으며, 50kDa carrier protein은 증가하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해볼 때 Streptozotocin-induced 당뇨는 혈청 뿐만 아니라 조직의 IGF-I/IGFBP system 변동에 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었다.

To document that effects of hyperbaric oxygen(HBO) and ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ on full-thickness skin grafts in rat, we performed full-thickness skin grafts bilaterally on each rats. The HBO-treated rats were received HBO twice daily for 90 minutes at 2 ATA. Surgical control rats were not treated with HBO. ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ treated rats were received the agent via oral gastric tube daily for 3 days preoperative and a fourth dose 1 to 2 hours postoperative. HBO plus ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ treated rats were received HBO and ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ as mentioned above. Biopsy specimens were taken from each rat at the time of grafting and on days 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21, and 28, then were processed for tissue-concentration of total glutathione(GSHt), oxidized/reduced glutathione level, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance(TBARS) levels. The percentage of viable graft on day 10 ranged from 67 to 93%, and was not significantly different among the each other groups. The percentage of viable graft were, however, higher in HBO plus ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ treated rats(78.6%) than in HBO alone treated rats(59.1%), ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ alone treated rats(66.7%) and surgical control rats(58.2%). TBARS concentration had a significant increase from preoperative concentration at day 2, and peak concentration at day 4(p<0.01). Concentration then decreased to preoperative concentration at day 28. GSHt concentration of free skin graft had a similar patteren of change in four groups and decreased significantly from preoperative concentration at day 2, returning to preoperative concentration by day 7(surgical control, HBO-treated, and ${\alpha}-tocopherol-treated$, alone) and 28(HBO plus ${\alpha}-tocopherol-treated$). Percentage of the concentration of reduced glutathione decreased in surgical control, HBO-treated and, ${\alpha}-tocopherol-treated$(p<0.05), and HBO plus ${\alpha}-tocopherol-treared$(p<0.01) on day 7 after surgery, whereas the concentration of oxidized increased significantly in HBO-treated(p<0.05), ${\alpha}-tocopherol-treated$(p<0.05), and HBO plus ${\alpha}-tocopherol-treated$(p<0.01).

This study was conducted to investigate the isolation prequency, serotypes, and related epidemiological properties of 341 Salmonella spp from domestic poultry and environmental samples during the period 1993-1995. A total of 1,918 samples was collected during the three years period in nationwide. Most of Salmonella spp were isolated from the intestinal contents of poultry, especially cecal(46.0%) and rectal(35.8%) contents. Among the tested samples, rat(28.5 %) was the most predominant Salmonella reservoirs and followed by duck(24.8%), broiler(18.8%), layer(14.8%) and feed(7.1%), in order. More than twelve Salmonella serovars were identified among the 341 Salmonella isolates. The most prevalent serotypes isolated from non-human sources were S enteritidis (22.3%) and S pullorum (21.9%), S muenchen (13.9%), S typhimurium (12.6%), S gallinarum, S meleagridis, S heidelberg, and S senftenberg were followed, in order. In layer chickens, S pullorum (26.0%) was the most predominant serotype but S muenchen (33.0%) was in broiler chickens, S enteritidis (28.4%) was in ducks, and S typhimurium (60.0%) was in rats, respectively. As a results, S enteritidis was identified as the most prevalent serotype in non-human Salmonella isolates in Korea during the period 1993-1995. A preliminary study on the phage typing of 19 S enteritidis selected from the nationwide scale was shown that S enteritidis phage type(PT) 4 was the most predominant PT, and SEPT 1, SEPT 6a, SEPT 7 and SEPT 7a variant were also found in the same period.

The present study was conducted to investigate the phage types(PT) of Salmonella enteritidis(SE) isolated from animals and human patients in Korea during the period 1993-1999. SE were isolated from chickens including the layer and broiler, duck, rat, swine and human patients in nationwide scale. A total of 231 non-human and 14 human SE strains were phage typed and 80.4%(197/245) of SE isolates tested could discriminate as a ten SEPTs including the RDNC by the 10 standard phages, which were brought from the Central Public Health Laboratory in England. In analysing of phage types both animal and human SE isolates, SEPT 4(55.4%) was the most prevalent in domestic animals including the layer(39.3%) and broiler(64.5%), duck(55.5%), and swine(75.0%) since 1993. About 57% of the S enteritidis from human was SEPT 4. Along with SEPT 4, SEPT 1, SEPT 6a, SEPT 7 and SEPT 7a var, SEPT 9b, SEPT 15, SEPT 21b and SEPT 22 were also found from animal and human SE isolates. SEPT 4(40.0%) was isolated from frozen chicken meats imported from China along with SEPT 7 and 7a var strains in this study. In conclusion, SEPT 4 was the most predominant SEPT in our country regardless of animal or human hosts including the Che-Ju island and almost exclusively found in domestic poultry(layer and broiler). During the review period, SEPT 4 has already been spreading continually among the animal hosts since 1993.

Verotoxin을 산생하지 않은 Escherichia coli O157과 verotoxin을 산생하는 E coli(VTEC)를 건강한 소의 분변에서 분리하여 생화학적 및 유전적인 특성에 대해서 비교하였다. E coli O157 : nonH7(운동성은 있으나 H혈청형이 7이 아님)의 sorbitol 분해능과 ${\beta}-glucurondase$ 활성은 E coli O157 : H7이 나타내는 것과는 차이가 있었다. 그리고 uidA 유전자는 verotoxin 산생능과 상관없이 sorbitol과 ${\beta}-glucuronidase$ 음성인 E coli O157 : H7에서 특이적으로 검출되었다. 한편 6개 목장에서 수거한 소 분변 45예에서 VTEC를 분리한 결과, 7주(15.6%)가 분리되었으며 이들은 모두 sorbitol을 분해하였으며 ${\beta}-glucurondase$ 활성이 있었으나 장벽 부착인자를 지배하는 eaeA 유전자가 없었다. 비록 소가 VTEC의 보균원으로 추정되나, 정상 소에서 분리한 VTEC는 eaeA 유전자가 결여된 균주가 많으므로 공중위생학상 eaeA 유전자를 보유한 E coli 보다 위해성이 낮으며, 이러한 결과는 왜 사람에서 유행하는 VTEC 혈청형과 소에서 유행하는 것과 차이가 있는지를 일부 설명해준다.

Biochemical and genetic analysis were carried out to investigate the potential recovery of pathogenecity or related mutations of Brucella abortus RB51 vaccine strains. RB51 strains were recovered from commercial vaccines, including related seed stocks from private companies in Republic of Korea, strain from USA, a reference strain from C university and a field isolate (Daehungjin) from aborted dairy cow after RB51 vaccination were compared with two identified virulent wild strains (S2308 and a field strain isolated from dairy cow in Korea) at the same conditions. All the strains examined, except identified pathogenic strains, revealed the identical characteristics to the original RB51 in biochemical properties, antigen and bacteriophage typing. Outer membrane protein (OMP) profiles from strains of RB51 showed the same patterns with standard RB51 in SDS-PAGE. In addition, Western blotting with the brucella specific monoclonal antibody also indicated that all the vaccine strains were completely deficient in their LPS compared to the pathogenic Br abortus strains. The differences in DNA structures among strains were also possible to detect after PCR. All vaccine strains, except S19, S1119-3, S1075, S544 and Br suis, were amplified a 178bp DNA fragment of eri-gene, and 364bp of IS711 elements. In contrast, 498bp DNA product was only found with Br abortus. Overall evidences in the present study confirmed that the RB51 strains for vaccine production in Korea did not originated from the phenomena of possible recovery of pathogenicity or related to any potential mutation event at all.

The pathogenicity of Br abortus RB51 strains, producted by commercial vaccine companies in Republic of Korea and USA, were evaluated in mouse and guinea pig. BALB/c and ICR mice were intraperitoneally inoculated with RB51 vaccines or virulent field strain and the existence of RB51 including its ratio of spleen to weights and persistence in spleens were examined. Groups of guinea pigs on day 55-58 of received subcutaneously with various RB51 vaccines, RB51 field isolates (Daehungjin) or virulent field isolates(Sangju) to compare the histopathogenicity in uterus. All the mice received RB51 vaccines or RB51 field isolates survived for 10 days, but the groups of mice received virulent field isolates died 5 from 11 (45.5%) in case of BALB/c mice and 12 from 12 (100%) in ICR mice, respectively. The number of RB51 in the groups of mice given with vaccine strains and RB51 field isolates were declined rapidly were in spleens between 12 and 20 days after inoculation. In contrast the mice given with the virulent field isolates rose in number of bacteria up to 20 days after inoculation. In the groups of mice infected with virulent field isolates, the ratio of spleen weights to body weight were significantly higher than those in control or in the groups inoculated with RB51 strain, including RB51 field isolates, at 12 and 20 days after inoculation. At ten days after inoculation, placentas of both the pregnant and non-pregnant guinea pigs were conducted for histopathological examination. Although any abnormal lesions were not observed in non-pregnant guinea pigs, all the strains caused the inflammation of the placenta, implying pathogenecity of RB51 in pregnant guinea pigs.

Swine respiratory diseases have induced severe economic losses in swine industry worldwide. Several methods have been developed and applied to prevent and control the disease. However, those are still problematic in swine industry. Recently, the use of egg yolk antibodies with several advantages was introduced and applied to control diseases in animal as well as human. As the first step of the use of egg yolk antibodies in the control of the swine respiratory diseases, we investigated the immunogens of the causative agensts of the diseases and immune response in egg yolk of hens immunized with them. Bacterial antigens prepared from Bordetella bronchiseptica, Pasteurella multocida 3A and 4D, and Actinobacillus pleuropneumaniae serotype 2 and 5 were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Western blot and toxicity test in mice. The antigens were injected into laying hens in order to produce antibodies against them in egg yolk. After chickens were immunized three times in 2 weeks interval, the profile of antibody production was examined by ELISA. The production of antibody in egg yolk was started in 2 weeks after the first injection, reached peak in 6-8 weeks and maintained until 12 weeks. Of two adjuvants used in this study, ISA70 was more effective than aluminum hydroxide gel in enhancing immunogenecity, laying rates and safety in hens. These results suggested that egg yolk antibodies could be a good source for production of antibodies specific to pathogenic bacteria inducing respiratory diseases of swine.

Periodic outbreaks of Newcastle disease (ND) caused by velogenic viscerotropic ND virus (vvNDV) has become a major concern in Korea nowadays. Throughout last epidemic, the winter season in 2000, most chicken flocks infected early, under 2-4 weeks of age, showed high mortality up to 50-100%. Serum samples collected from 201 breeder, 284 layer and 112 broiler chicken flocks were examined to evaluate the efficacy of various vaccination methods and programs routinely used for mass vaccination in the field poultry farms. Despite repeated live vaccination, most poultry flocks vaccinated by drinking water route using nipple water supply system failed to produce solid active immune response to NDV during the growing time. In the present study, we applied the spray vaccination technique using Ulvavac or Desvac sprayer to the experimental poultry flocks and examined the efficacy of live vaccination effects induced by it under field condition. Measurable antibody to NDV as well as early protection against vvNDV challenge were found in poultry flocks vaccinated by spray route. Further, we did not found significant post vaccination reactions caused by spray vaccination if properly administered. These data indicate that the spray vaccination will be safe and reliable mass vaccination method for the prevention of ND.

This study was performed to observe the influence of host immune response on the chemotherapy of mice experimentally infected with Fasciola hepatica. Following immunosuppression with prednisolone or immunoenhancement with Freund's complete adjuvant(FCA), mice were experimentally infected with 3 Fasciola hepatica metacercariae and treated with closantel at 1 week post infection. In the group of mice infected with metacercariae alone, 2 mice of 10 were dead at 10 weeks post infection(20% mortality), and adult flukes were recovered from the liver and the peritoneal cavity of the remaining 8 mice(100% infectivity). In the group of mice treated with prednisolone and infected with metacercariae, 8 of 10 mice died before euthanasia with a mean time of death earlier than the control group (p<0.05). In the group of immunosuppressed mice infected with metacercariae and treated with closantel 20mg/kg, 4 of 10 mice died before sacrifice. In the group of mice infected and treated with closantel 20mg/kg, mortality and infectivity was 10% and 30%, respectively. Similar results were observed in mice infected and treated with closantel 5mg/kg which resulted in 10% and 50% mortality and infectivity, respectively. These results indicated that the efficacy of closantel treatment was decreased in immunosuppressed mice, while the pathogenicity was increased. In immunoenhanced mice infected with metacercariae, on the other hand, the efficacy of chemotherapy with both 5mg/kg or 20mg/kg closantel resulted in only 10% infectivity. The results shown in this study strongly suggest that a close interaction between chemotherapy against F hepatica with closantel and the host immune system exists. Considering that fascioliasis is a zoonosis, treatment regimen against the infection to immunosuppressed patients may require a concurrent prescription of an appro-priate immuno-enhancing adjuvant.

This study was conducted to observe the severity of the disease and pathogenecity of Babesia gibsoni parasite on the splenectomized dogs(SPD) and nonsplenectomized(intact) dogs (NSPD) experimentally infected with B gibsoni. The average prepatent period was 4 days in the SPD and 8 days in the NSPD, respectively. Peak parasitaemia(PE) ranged from 26% to 34% of erythrocytes infected in the SPD and from 4% to 5% in the NSPD. Latent parasitaemia was still detectable 40 days as low as under 1.0% of erythrocytes infected after the initial parasitaemia in the SPD. Blood packed cell volume(PCV) decreased to as little as 6.4% to 6.9% in the SPD. The clinical signs were mild fever and anemia in the NSPD, remissions and exacervations of temperature, intermittent or spike-like increases of temperature, progressive polychromatophilic macrocytic anemia with anisocytosis, icterus, marked loss of appetite, rarely haemoglobinuria, and deep brown-yellowish urine in the SPD. Gross pathologic changes mainly involved slightly enlargement of liver and spleen in the NSPD and marked enlargement of liver in the SPD. Anatomic changes associated with the disease included diffuse periportal and centrilobular hephatitis, and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Hyaline droplets, resulting protein metabolic alterations, were found in the convoluted ephithelium of the kidney. The density of lymphocytes within the liver sinusoids was markedly increased. Aggregates of large monocytes and macrophages were demonstrated in the centrilobular veins of the liver. The density of these cells in the centrilobular veins were greatest in the SPD. The forms of B gibsoni parasite found in the acute stage of SPD were large signet ring form, small signet ring form, pyriform, elongated form, comma form, head-phone form, oval form, peared form, racket-like form, amoeboid form, triangle form, quartered form, dot form, band form and multiple, and rosette form, et al. The severity of the disease and pathogenecity of B gibsoni parasite were mild in the NSPD but fatal in the SPD.

An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to screen residues of sulfadimethoxine (SDM) in edible animal products. An indirect competitive ELISA was allowed to compete with rabbit anti-SDM for binding to a limited amount of SDM-gelatin conjugate and SDM in serum samples. Sera was diluted 20 times with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and boiled for 5 minutes to destruct immunoglobulins of serum. Detection limit of this competitive ELISA for SDM was 0.1 ppb or less. Among eight sulfonamide analogues tested for specifity, only sulfamonomethoxine showed significant cross-reaction in the assay. The EC-50 value for sulfamonomethoxine was 3.5 ppm. Recovery of SDM in spiked serum samples between 100 ppb and 500 ppb ranged from 110.7% to 128.9%.

For the improvement of quality control of laboratory mouse, we investigated the environmental condition, histopathological findings and serological test using ELISA to mouse hepatitis virus(MHV), Mycoplasma pulmonis(MP), Clostridium piliforme(TZ) and Sendai virus (HVJ) of ICR, C57BL/6, CBA and C3H/He mice that were supplied from conventional laboratory animal facility. 1. The ammonia concentration of facility was below the recommended concentration, 15ppm, by the KNIH, and the room temperature($21{\sim}23^{\circ}C$) and relative humidity(40~60%) was optimum range recommend by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, respectively. 2. The incidence rate of inapparent disease was 86.6% and the major findings in the liver were vacuolar degeneration with nucleic pleomorphism. The lung was shown the thickening of alveolar wall and interstitial pneumonia with congestion. The kidney and spleen were observed the mild congestion and extramedullary hematopoiesis, respectively. 3. The positive reaction rates against MHV and MP in serological test was 97.9% and 37.5%, respectively but HVJ and TZ were negative. These results suggest that laboratory mice could be infected with MHV and MP under conventional environments. Therefore we recommend to select thoroughly inapparent infected mice and to convert conventional system into SPF facility as soon as possible.

9.3kg의 6년령인 수컷 바셋하운드가 1년 이상 진행된 양측성 전두부위로부터 심한 점액화농성 분비물의 병력을 나타내었다. 내원당시 환축의 신체상태와 식욕은 불량하였다. 전두골위 피부에 형성된 누공으로부터 농성 삼출물이 양측성으로 분비되었다. 삼출물 시료를 배양하여 진균을 분리하였다. 방사선 검사에서는 전두동의 경계가 불분명하고 두꺼운 점액성막으로 덮여 있었으며 전두동의 혼탁도가 미만성으로 증가되어 있었다. 최종적으로 만성 진균성 전두동염으로 진단하였다. 전두동의 외과적 제거후 국소와 전신성 항진균요법으로 Chlorhexidine과 Ketoconazole을 적용하였다. 환축은 점진적으로 건강과 식욕을 회복하였다.

본 실험은 carboxymethyl chitosan(CMC)이 복강유착에 미치는 효과를 밝히고자 수행하였다. 총 44마리의 rat를 유착유도후 아무런 처치하지 않은 대조군과 각각 1, 2, 3% CMC 용액 3ml로 처치한 3개 실험군 등 총 4군으로 나누었다. 유착은 회장의 장간막 반대측 장막부위를 노출시켜 수술도로 $0.5{\times}1cm$ 크기로 긁어 점상출혈을 유도하고, 우측벽측복막을 $0.5{\times}1cm$ 간격으로 창상을 유도한 후 두 창상을 봉합하였다. 2주후 halothane에 의한 안락사 후 유착정도를 computerized tensiometer로 측정하였다. 유착부 분리에 필요한 장력(Newton)은 대조군이 평균 $2.48{\pm}0.88$이었으며, 1% CMC 처치군은 $1.86{\pm}0.56$, 2% CMC 처치군은 $1.75{\pm}0.71$, 3% CMC 처치군은 평균 $1.55{\pm}0.60$로 3% CMC 처치군에서 유의적인 감소(p<0.01)가 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 rat에서 복강수술후 CMC의 복강내 투여는 복강장기 유착방지에 효과적이라고 사료된다.

This study was performed to investigate Mycoplasma (M) spp. infection status of dairy cow in South Korea. Among 8,485 bulk tank milk collected from dairy farms of the 5 areas, 26 samples (0.30%) were positive for Mycoplasma by direct culture method. The isolation rates of Mycoplasma spp. according to the areas were 0.51% in Kyonggi, 0.16% in Cholla, 0.23% in Gyoungsang, 0.12% in Chungchong, and 0.08% in Kangwon. In the species identification test by indirect immunoperoxidase test, 16 out of 26 isolates were identified as M bovis (61.53%), M bovigenitalium (23.07%), M californicum (7.69%), M alkalescens and Acholeplasma laidlawii (3.84%), respectively. The isolation rate of Mycoplasma spp. from 208 quarter milk samples in culling cows due to severe clinical mastitis was 3.0%. These Mycoplasma spp. were identified as M bovis (62.0%), M bovigenitalium (12.0%), M californicaum (12.0%), and M alkalescens (12.0%). This study shows that the bovine mammary gland infected by Mycoplasma spp. is present in some dairy farms and the routine culture test of bulk tank milk samples for Mycoplasma is needed for a high quality milk promotion services.