◎Origin ·Mark Weiser(52-99)：Xerox PARC CTO ·Ubique in Latin = Everywhere ◎Simila Terms ·Ubiquitous Network/IT ·Pervasive/Nomadic/Wearable/Disappearing Computing ◎ Characteristics ·Everywhere, Mobility ·w/o Awareness w/ Awareness tech： e.g., Speedpass of Mobil, Intelligent cart of Wal-Mart(omitted)

Positivism ▣Quantitative research ▣Descriptive, predictive, explanatory ▣Quest for university laws ▣Concerned with the empirical testability of theories (·Causal models (if it's not about cause-and-effect, it's not Science)) ▣Assumptions：(·Existence of a priori fixed relationship within phenomena ·Regular patterns of causation ·Independent from human mind(objective, factual)(omitted)

The Semantic Web □ A Vision Of Possibilities ·"The Semantic Web is an extension of the current web in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation(omitted)

Information Quality Challenge ·Incomplete business process ·Islands of data ·Escalating costs ·No planned information architecture(omitted)

The Explosion of Content ·Over 80％ of enterprise content is unstructured(Fulcrum Research) ·Content volume is growing by over 200％ per year (Forrester Research) ·There are all kinds of Unstructured Content including Documents, Output, Web, Rich Media, Code etc ·ECM Market growing to more than ＞＄2.6 Billion in 2003. (Frost ＆ Sullivan)(omitted)

Today's Landscape Inside a Company ...how to capitalize on existing IT investments？ ...through integration of heterogeneous system！(omitted)

·Web Service 적용 -비용절감/새로운 Revenue 창출 기회 ·Business 환경 -SOA(서비스기반구조), 온디맨드, 그리드 컴퓨팅의 기반→Web Service로의 이행 가속화 ·IT Challenge -복잡성과 위험 ·관리 솔루션 -전반적인 관리 요구 -인프라 ＆ Web Service 레벨 ·Web Service 관리 기대 효과 -효율성, 일관성 및 안전성 제공 -근본 원인 분석 기반 제공

In the time of economic globalization, Chinese enterprises are facing with unprecedented challenges as well as the opportunities. With almost 10 years of development of enterprises informatization, we have acquired some experiences and we also have learned some lessons.(omitted)

The rapidly improving price-performance of wireless technologies is providing an unprecedented platform for the development of wireless applications for the business. Such applications are able to take advantage of a new paradigm of mobility for data services, with the ability to sensitize to location, time and personal features. While big business has been a central feature of wireless implementation, it is now clear that small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are beginning to take advantage of the strategic benefits of wireless data communications. This study examines the state-of-the-art of wireless data services in New Zealand. It provides a survey of 127 current applications in use, as well as two short illustrative cases of application use. The paper rounds off with a summary and conclusions.

The Internet is a social and economic foundation, apparently destined for human communication and interaction. It is supposed to allow for more interactive and innovative ways for people to do what they do in 'real lift'. There is no shilly-shallying to say that at present, Internet has become a commanding and useful tool for empowerment and income making in developing countries. It is very difficult to say that at present internet has turned into a popular and useful thing among the Bangladeshi people like students, doctors, engineers, businessmen, researchers as well as politician who are being logged into the internet for getting information what they want. Though the Internet was invented in 1970 but it came late in Bangladesh through UUCPs (Unix-to-Unix copy) email connectivity in 1993 and IP connectivity in 1996. Having launched Internet, on June 1996 National polls result were broadcast through the using of World Wide Web (WWW) that was the first ever practice trial in Bangladesh. On June 1996, the government has approved to allow VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) in the country's private sector to operate as Internet Service Provider (ISPs). At the end of year, there were only two ISPs in the country and number of users near about one thousand only. But next year in 1997, the total number of ISPs was more than a dozen and the clientele growth was ten times higher than that of the previous year. From then, the number of Internet users and ISPs are increasing significantly in Bangladesh. About 40 ISP are providing internet service among as many as 3, 20,000 users at present out of almost 130 license holder ISP provider but among the ISPs, most of the ISPs are placed in Dhaka and few are working in Comilla, Sylhet, Rajshahi, Chittagong and Khulna. It should be mention that currently, broadband internet (Radio, Cable) connection is working side by side dial -up connection where broadband accounts 10,000. This paper will have a comprehensive discussion on the current situations of Internet and some of the contemporary issues in the matter concerned.

Recently introduced by the major credit card associations as replacements for the decommissioned SET and 3DSET protocols, the new payment models, 3DSecure and UCAF/SPA, have been designed to provide online merchants with a solution to an existing problem in online credit card transactions - the lack of an effective and efficient means of authenticating cardholders. The expected benefits arising from this added level of security from the merchant′s perspective are increased consumer confidence, significant reduction in the levels of fraud and charge backs and "liability shift". Using data gleaned from preliminary interviews, discussion forums and promotional material, we present a critical analysis of the potential barriers and facilitators that will impact on the widespread traction of these programs in the marketplace in the coming years.

The purpose of this research is to explore the possible relationship between the successful implementation of knowledge management technology and specific organizational culture orientations. Data used to test hypothesis derived for this research were obtained from 227 responders from the Organizational Culture Profile (OCP) survey instruments and 67 responders from the Knowledge Management Technology Profile (KMTP) survey instruments representing 26 separate organizations. The OCP provides a profile of an organization's culture orientation while the KMTP provides a profile of the organization's degree of the KM technology implementation success. The results of this research suggests that employees of organization which are more successful in implementing KM technology have identified organizational culture that embodies a healthy mixture of both production-oriented and people-oriented attributes indicative of the [9,9] culture orientation.

1. Introduction; Fundamental Difference between conventional old commerce and e-commerce？ 2. "Quantity changes into Quality"; Phase transition and Critical phenomena Logarithmic Convergence and Emergence of Quality 3. Networked Small World; Indications from Genomics; Power-Law Ordered Plain Structure of Super-Complex System ⇔ The Structure of e-Biz. 4. Uniquitous Crisis to Ubiquitous Critical Points for the Emergence of Qualified Business with e-strucrure

1. Changing Business Environment; Before and After IT Revolution 2. Network as a Public Innovation; its Possibility and Fundamental Problem 3. e-Aircraft Career System; Reconstruction of 'Keynesian Cradle' from the viewpoint of MOT 4. Short Conclusion： For Plentiful Future of e-Biz Circumstances(omitted)

The purpose of the study is to develop an integrated knowledge management system for the domains of genome and nano-technology, in which terminology-based literature mining, knowledge acquisition, knowledge structuring, and knowledge retrieval are combined. The system supports integrating different types of databases (papers and patents, technologies and innovations) and retrieving different types of knowledge simultaneously. The main objective of the system is to facilitate knowledge acquisition from documents and new knowledge discovery through a terminology-based similarity calculation and a visualization of automatically structured knowledge. Implementation issue of the system is also mentioned.

· Dynamic Pricing vs. Fixed Pricing Auctions make both buyers and sellers engage in the price discovery process, Auctions of various kinds will replace the fixed pricing model that now pervades much of the web(pmitted)

Paradigm Shift： Business of government - Transition to egovernment · Citizens have become accustomed to the private sector delivering high standards of customer service on the Internet and expect government to do likewise(Schoeniger, 2000). · The rise of e-business in the private sector reinforce the shift in the focus of government(Alfred Tat-Kei). · Explosive growth in Internet usage and rapid development e-Business in the private sector have put growing pressure on the public sector to serve citizens electronically, which is often known as the "e-government" initiative(omitted)

최근에 인터넷을 통한 전자경매가 보편화되면서 경매 물품의 가격 결정에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 기존의 경매 시스템에서는 경매물품의 낙찰가를 판매자가 결정하거나 정보 검색 이론의 사례 유사도에 기초하여 생성하는 에이전트가 연구되었다. 그러나 이것은 경매물품에 대한 최근의 변화 요인을 반영하지 못하여 실제 낙찰 가능가와 차이가 큰 가격이 생성되는 경우가 많다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점을 해결하고자 시계열 분석에서 사용하는 이동 평균을 이용하여 최근의 경매 자료로부터 경매 등록 물품의 낙찰 예정가를 자동으로 생성하는 시스템을 제안한다. 본 시스템을 사용할 경우에 경매 물품의 실제 낙찰가와의 차이를 줄여 낙찰률을 높이고, 경매 물품의 객관적인 가격 형성이 가능함을 예측할 수 있다

최근에는 다양한 에이전트를 전자상거래시스템에 적용함으로써 전자상거래를 보다 활성화시키려는 연구가 늘어나고 있다. 그러나 현재의 에이전트 연구들은 주로 구매자의 선호도에 따른 물품을 추천하는데 있고, 판매 가격이 판매자의 실제 이윤에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 어려운 문제가 있었다 따라서 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서 원가 회계 이론에 기반한 고저점법과 학습 곡선법을 비교·분석하고 원가를 보다 정확하게 산정하여 입찰가를 결정함으로써 판매자가 적정 이윤을 얻을 수 있도록 한다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 각 원가 산정법을 적용한 에이전트의 성능 실험을 통해 성능이 좋은 원가 산정법을 알아내고, 이 에이전트를 활용할 수 있는 XML 기반의 공동구매시스템을 설계한다.

This paper is aimed at proposing a fuzzy inference mechanism to enhancing the quality of cognitive map-based inference. Its main virtue lies in the two mechanisms： (1) a mechanism for avoiding a synchronization problem which is often observed during inference process with traditional cognitive map, and (2) a mechanism for fuzzifying decision maker's subjective judgment. Our proposed fuzzy inference mechanism (FIM) is basically based on the cognitive map stratification algorithm which can stratify a cognitive map into number of strata and then overcome the synchronization problem successfully. Besides, the proposed FIM depends on fuzzy membership function which is administered by decision maker. With an illustrative B2B negotiation problem, we applied the proposed FIM, deducing theoretical and practical implications. Implementation was conducted by Matlab language.

■ Face-to-face ■ Object-medium-object ·Digital interaction with Internet ■ Setting Interpersonal Distance · Intimacy theory · Web interface development(omitted)

1. 연구배경 종합적인 온라인 비즈니스 행정 서비스 및 효과적인 비즈니스 및 산업 정보의 통합서비스에 대한 기업의 요구(Needs)가 증대되어, 종합적인 비즈니스 행정 서비스 및 산업정보 포털로써 G4B(Government for Business)가 추진되고 있음.(중략)

- Ongoing amplification of network infrastructure and activation of e-Business - More and more all kinds of business process are executed in electronic ways -Need to view e-Business software infrastructure as Social Overhead Capital(omitted)

급격한 시대적 변화속에 각국은 전자정부 프로젝트를 적극 추진하고 있다. 전자정부의 리더십은 민간부문의 전자상거래나 e-Business 활성화를 위해서도 중요한 기반이 된다 (Jutra et al., 2002). 한국은 2002 년에 전자정부 핵심과제를 완료하여 기술기반 구축에 성공했다고 하나 전자정부 활용도는 23％로 31 개국 중 20 위이다 (TNS, 2002). 이러한 전자정부의 활용도를 높이기 위해 기술기반 확충, 고객 만족 측정, 맞춤식 설계, 리엔지니어링 등의 노력이 병행되고 있으나, 서진완(2000)에 의하면 네트워크 이용능력이 0점인 응답자가 26.9%, 정보탐색능력은 5점 척도로 3점 미만이다. 시민의 정보 리터러시(information literacy) 수준이 낮다면 의견수령에 의한 시스템 설계방식은 한계가 있을 것이다. 요컨대 의견수령 방식도 중요하지만, e-Business 의 경우와 마찬가지로 e-Government 에서도 모델에 의한 전략적 접근이 필요하다.(중략)

Civil Services Goals -Drastically enhancing efficiency in administrative processes in civil and business services without visiting the relevant offices and raising the rank of business support competitiveness to 10th place(omitted)

Web Service ·A software application identified by a URI, whose interface and bindings are capable of being defined, described, and discovered as XML artifacts A Web service supports direct interactions with other software agents using XML-based messages exchanges via Internet-based protocols(W3C) ·Utilize the WWW infrastructure ·Example ： http：//etech.kaist.ac.kr：8080/search.html(omitted)

불확실성 시대의 도래 시장 Drivers-e.g. 전자산업 급변하는 시장 ·급변하는 시장 -매시각 변화하는 시장에 대한 예측 ·모든 요소들이 월스트리트와 사업 신뢰도에 영향(9/11., The War, SARS 등) ·때로는 위험 요소들이 기회로 반전 기업가치 극대화 ·많은 전자산업의 감소하는 고객보유량 ·투자자들은 완고하고 공격적이다.(중략)

·정의 -기존의 조직, 제품, 업무프로세스의 형태와 비즈니스 모델을 IT 기술을 사용하여 기존과는 다르게 변화시키거나 재창조하여 고객에게 새로운 가치를 제공하는 것.(중략)

■ The objective -Design of information system supporting electronics environments ■ The Results -Environmental analysis for e-Logistics ·Analysis for logistics business process -Modeling logistics business process using UMM -Developing electronic documents ■ Concluding remarks(omitted)

□ Value Chain 혁명을 통한 Real-Time Enterprise 실현 -비즈니스 환경 변화 ·Value Chain의 해체 및 재통합 ·Globalization(조달, 생산, 분배의 세계화) ·기업의 가상 기업화 ·비즈니스 프로세스 아웃소싱 ·지식 기반 사회 ·영역 간 경계의 붕괴 및 융합

Several studies have shown that the trust is a significant barrier for realizing the potential of e-commerce. Trust is not only a short-term issue but also the most significant long-term barrier for realizing the potentials of e-commerce. Because digital contents which have been used in e-commerce are easy to be duplicated, the enforcement of digital copyright protection is an important issue. Watermarking is a technique for labeling digital pictures by hiding secret information in the image. In this paper, a discrete wavelet transform(DWT) based technique for embedding digital watermark into image is proposed. The performance of the proposed watermarking is robust to a variety of signal distortions, such as JPEG and image processing operations.

Customer value is the source for competitive advantage of online businesses such as Internet shopping malls and portal service. It is important to analyze the relationship between customer value and repurchase in order to provide a guideline of successful online business. The purpose of this paper is to get answers for the following questions. First, what are key components of customer value in online business？ Second, What difference exists in the importance or expectance of customer value and its current service level of online business？ Finally, what influence relationships exist in customer value and repurchase intentions？ Data collected from 615 respondents who experienced purchase on the Internet shopping malls were used to test a research model.

The preference of customers change as time goes by. The existing Collaborative Filtering (CF) techniques has no room for including this change yet, although these techniques have been known to be the most successful recommendation technique that has been used in a number of different applications. In this study, we proposed a new methodology for enhancing the quality of recommendation using the customers' dynamic behaviors over time. The proposed methodology is applied to a large department store in Korea, compared to existing CF techniques. Some experiments on the real world data show that the proposed methodology provides higher quality recommendations than other CF techniques, especially better performance on heavy users.

1. Research Background ·Customer support or service in organization is one of the most important business improvement theme in improving their business competences. -Many customers view customer support as one of the most impotant criteria when evaluating a product or a service(Foo et al., 2000) -Customer service has a strong link to customer satisfaction, which then yields customer loyalty and long-term profitability(Szymanski ＆ Henard, 2001： McKenna, 1991)(omitted)

Customer Relationship Management CRM(Customer Relationship Management) is a customer-focused business strategy designed to optimized profitability, revenus and customer satisfaction [Gartner Group](omitted)

□목적 ·플랫폼에 독립적인 기업간 상호운영성 방법론의 획득 ·기업간 워크프로우 통합에 필요한 관련 기술 및 표준의 분석 ·기업간 정보시스템 통합 환경을 위한 시스템 구조 제공 ·협업 프로세스의 구축 및 실행 방안 제공 ·XML 기반 기업간 상호운영성의 획득에 필요한 기술적 사항 제공(중략)

Cyber CEO REMS 구축과정 1. Cyber CEO REMS는 실시간 경영관리를 하는 경영군단 이며, 경영전략에 따라 맞춤 제작되는 세스템임. 2. 법인생명체인 기업활동구조 진단 3. 기업활동구조 수술 처방 4. 기업활동 구조 수술 설계 5. 기업활동구축(중략)

Rapid developments in computing and communication technology have made broadband Internet service over the wireless phone networks possible. This so-called 3G (third generation) mobile services promise to usher us into an era of a seamless marriage between Internet data and mobile phone services. However,

■ Sounds the title intriguing to you, but suspicious about the content of our talk ？ · Title ： When Ontology meets e-Catalog. ·Hot subjects ： ·Terms (or topics) such as ontology, Sermantic Web. and e-Catalogs have been on many people's lips recently. ·However, we claim that the outcomes or contents of the majority of talks or workshops have touched the surface of the subjects. For examples. -Good for having Ontology... -Go for Semantic Web... -Probably Semantic Web being feasible for e-Commerce....(omitted)

·Text-mining approach to e-documents organization based on topic hierarchy - Machine-Learning ＆ information Theory-based ㆍ 'Category(topic) discovery' problem → document bundle-based user-constraint document clustering ㆍ 'Automatic categorization' problem → Accelerated EM with CU-based active learning → 'Hierarchy Construction' problem → Unsupervised learning of category subsumption relation

·Catalogs -information about products and services -Contents ＋ Classification Schema ＋ Operational Issues ·What do we do with them？ -[Schulten, et a;, 2001] ‥Narrow down search for complete set of applicable products ‥Comprehend individual description to the precision needed -Support other applications that use product information ‥SCM, ERP, e-Procurement, etc. ·Catalog Management System -Design, storage, navigation ＆ retrieval, transformation, communication, publication(omitted)

BCF ·Business Collaboration Framework ·Object implementation neutral approach to the exchange of global business requirements(omitted)

The ebXML (Electronic Business using eXtensible Markup Language) Specification Schema is to provide nominal set of specification elements necessary to specify a collaboration between business partners based on XML. As a part of ebXML Specification Schema, BPSS (Business Process Specification Schema) has been provided to support the direct specification of the set of elements required to configure a runtime system in order to execute a set of ebXML business transactions. The BPSS is available in two stand-alone representations, a UML version and an XML version. Due to the limitations of UML notations and XML syntax, however, current ebXML BPSS specification is insufficient to specify formal semantic constraints of modeling elements completely. In this study, we propose a classification schema for the BPSS semantic constraints and describe how to represent those semantic constraints formally using OCL (Object Constraint Language). As a way to verify a Business Process Specification (BPS) with the formal semantic constraint modeling, we suggest a rule-based approach to represent the formal constraints and to use the rule-based constraints specification to verify BPSs in a CLIPS prototype implementation.

■ Web services 0 A Web service is a software system designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network. (W3C)(omitted)

Issues ·Bottom-up v.s. Top-down Development ＆ Evaluation ·Syntax-Directed v.s. Conceptual Modeling -Reusing and Easy understanding -User friendliness and Concrete Rules ·No Aligned Rules and Guidelines for Developing Document Structures from Conceptual Information Models(omitted)

인터넷은 그 매체의 특성으로 인하여 새로운 비즈니스 기회를 창출하는 역할을 하고 있다. 본 연구는 기존의 기간통신서비스에 대응하는 새로운 서비스로서, 고객에게 다양한 가치를 제공하는 별정통신서비스를 중심으로 연구하였다. 최근 통신산업에서 번호자원의 중요성에 대한 인식이 높아지고 있지만 아직까지 이 분야에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정이다.(중략)

·Emerging requirements for EC environments ： -At eun-time： Dynamic process composition with various networked resources, i.e., application or participants -At build ＆ maintenance time： Agile technical enhancements. e.g., evolution in standards · Open issues of WfMS(Bussler, 1999： Sayal et al., 2002)： -Heterogeneity ＆ interoperability -Adaptability and flexibility(omitted)

□ Many specification language has been developed for workflow modeling, but their emphasis on the process semantics make it difficult for use on the business process modeling. □ Also their lack of understanding of global view of Business process adds another problem to model workflow in a seamless and accurate and timely fashion(omitted)

Mobile business, noticed as a constructive alternative for e-commerce and e-business, has been diversely defined and conceptualized. This study develops a comprehensive framework for the sake of clearing such a havoc of conceptual deluge. The framework for the comprehensive understanding of e-business (including m-business) consists of two dimensions： connectivity and mobility. These two dimensions represent to overcome the constraints of time and place in business transactions, respectively. Various cases for each combination of these two components are explained for clear understanding of this framework. By this framework, we can understand the value that Location-Based Service (LBS) brings anew to e-business services.