The chemical composition and properties of soil were determined at selected sites, such as Loess plateau, Gobi and sand deserts in northern China, where most dust storms occur. Although the transport of this sort of dust storms to Korean peninsula is a well-documented phenomenon, there is not enough information about the very source regions. In this reason, this study tried to measure the chemical composition, including soil elements, anthropogenic elements and ions for soil samples so that certain properties of some major source regions of Asian Dust can be provided. Furthermore, the results are classified into four types of soil like Loess, Loess & sand, Gobi, and sand in order to identify the characteristics and difference among the types. $(X/Al)_{crust}$ values for each soil type were also calculated in this study and compared with those of other references including Asian Dust material(ADM). The results indicated that Ca contribution was higher than Al in all the soil types of this study including ADM and, compared with the values of urban area, contribution of anthropogenic elements such as Cr, Pb, Zn was quite low. However, it must be noted that there is such a variation in the result of soil composition, but it is also certain that the very source region soil composition resolved from this study could support the enhanced study on Asian Dust phenomenon in Korea.

The purpose of this study is to understand the quantitative change of water resources using RMS(Remote Monitoring System) which takes real time data with high reliability. Also, the characteristic of stormwater runoff was understood by the application of the above system for three streams (Jiam, Yulmun, and Gongji stream) in Chuncheon City. The detailed results of these studies are as follows; RMS(Remote Monitoring System) was constructed by the combination of the automatic water-level meter, which measures water-level of streams at all times, and the wireless communication system sending real-time data from the meter. This system is used to evaluate the stormwater runoff in watersheds and the quantitative changes of streams. It is possible to overcome the limit of field investigations needed, which takes a lot of manpower and time, and it is very efficient to provide the reliable flowrate data. Also, it can be applied to the disaster prevention system for flood because the change of flowrate in stream is monitored at real-time. For 3 streams with different watershed characteristics, correlation equations induced from the relation analysis results. In terms of the relation between water-level and flowrate, flowrate was increased rapidly as the water-level rises in case of small watershed and steep slope. The application results of the proposed system for 3 streams (Jiam, Yulmun, Gongji) in Chuncheon city are as follows; The remote monitoring system was very useful for acquisition of the flow rate in stream that are basic data to understand pollutants runoff in watershed. In case of no-rainy day, the runoff ratio for pollutant loading rate was the highest level in Yulmun stream(BOD:2.3%, TN:20.2%, TP:1.2%). So, it shows the management of pollution source is needed such as rehabilitation of sewer line. Runoff ratio of total phosphorus by rainfall in Gongji watershed was increased about 19 times than no-rainy day, which is estimated as the influence of sewer overflow.

After the Rio declaration on environment and development in 1992, developed countries are undertaking "environmentally sustainable transportation (EST)" projects. To meet the needs for EST, current transportation policies in Korea are rapidly reforming and one of its concerns is modernizing and upgrading railway freight system. Planning new railroad construction projects is increasing and subsequent environmental impact assessment (EIA) demands improvements, especially in both the EIA and decision making systems. In this paper, we discuss the present status of EIA for railroad construction projects, especially, by analyzing the EIA documents for the last six years. The EIA for railroad construction projects accounts for only 4.9% of total 918 project EIAs during 1998-2003, and the portion is gradually increasing. Major environmental concerns for EIA in railroad construction projects were geomorphological and ecological changes, protection of rare organisms, air pollution, water pollution, waste management, and noise, etc. We compared characteristics of environmental impacts of railroad construction with those of vehicle road construction, based on environmental and construction-planning indicators appeared in Environmental Impact Statements. Railroad construction usually requires longer tunnels and bridges for a given length than those for vehicle road construction. In addition, the amounts of geomorphological and ecological changes (road-cutting, embankment, devegetation, etc.) in railroad construction were generally less than 50% of those in vehicle road construction. To develop environmentally friendly railway systems, monitoring studies for environmental impacts of railroads such as habitat fragmentation and road kills, dispersal of alien plants, tunnelling effects on groundwater and vegetation, and noise impacts are highly recommended.

Among large developmental projects, those of the government and public institutions with the total budget of more than 50billion wons can be executed only when the feasibility of the project has been testified through the procedure of preliminary feasibility study. Multi-purpose dams are public structures that can supply water, produce electricity, and control flood, they belong to large national projects that require legal evaluation procedures such as preliminary feasibility study and environmental impact assessment(EIA). The index that should be considered to be important in dam plan is the migration of residents in submerged district. The importance in the preliminary feasibility study is 4.93 points(98.6 in the scale of 100 at maximum). Among the 12 assessment elements of the policy and economy in the preliminary feasibility study, the element of environment assessment is turned out to be 4.68 points in the assessment importance (93.5 in the scale of 100 at maximum), which is the second in the total ranking and the first in the field of policy, indicating that the element is very important in dam construction planning.