This study is a descriptive study which was done to examine the circumstances surrounding burn accidents in children in order to develop a burn prevention program. The subjects for the study were the mothers of 107 children admitted to two burn specialty hospitals in seoul and the mothers of 172 healthy children attending day care or kindergarten. The tool used in the study was developed by the researchers, pretested and refined. Cronbach's alpha was 0.72. Data collection was done between November 1995 and April 1996. Statistically analysis was done using SAS Version 6.04 and the data was analyzed using test, chi square, regression and logistic analysis. A suumary of the results shows the following : Eighty percent of the children in both groups lived in nuclear families but comparatively more of the children with burn accidents lived in apartments. More of the parents in the group of healthy children had university education and held white collar or professional jobs, while the parents of the children with burn accidents were slightly younger than the parents of the healthy children. but not significantly younger. A significantly greater number of families of children with burn accidents had more than one child and the characteristics of the children with burn accidents that they were more frequently boys, either first or last born and very active. Most of the burn accidents occurred in fall or winter. sometime between noon and midnight and the majority occurred in the home and were caused by hot liquid. In 86% of the cases emergency care was not given at home but the child was brought to the hospital emergency unit. Most of the burns were second degree or greater. involved the arms or legs. required admission, and 41.5% occurred when the parents were preparing or eating meals. In a test of knowledge of preventive measures, the mothers of children who had suffered burn accidents scored slightly higher than the mothers who had no experience with burn accidents, but this was not statistically significant. As to what to do in the case of a fire, the mothers of the healthy children had more knowledge about who to notify. but 70% of the mothers in both groups did not know how to escape from the house if it was of fire. 80 to 96% did not know what do to in case of a fire, such as rolling if clothes were on fire. 80% did not know what emergency care to give for a burn, and 74 to 87% did not know when it is appropriate to try to put out a fire. It can be concluded from this study that. since the results show that the most frequent situation which resulted in burn accidents was when the parents were not aware of the danger of burns or were not paying attention to the child. and when there were no protective devices to prevent burns. and that accidents most frequently occurred at home. the most effective way of preventing accidents is to develop in the parents a "safety mind", Since burn accidents in children are usually more severe than in adults. the physical. emotional. psychological and social damage is greater. In order to develop and awareness of this in the general public. the use of mass media. books and pamphlets and other educational media that provide education on prevention of burn accidents need to be utilized.

Applying effective coping strategies and reducing powerlessness for the chronic pain adjustment of musculoskeletal patients were researched for basic data in the development of nursing intervention. The subjects were 99 musculoskeletal patients with chronic pain. Data was gathered with direct interview using a questionnaire. With the SAS tool. data were analyzed for percentage. Pearson correlation. t-test. and ANOVA according to characteristics of variables. Internal consistency(alpha) coefficients were .91 for coping scales and .71 for powerlessness scales. The results are as follows: 1. Pain duration was mainly 6 - 12 months(52. 5%). 2. Primary pain site was mainly lower limbs(58.6%) and pain severity was a moderate level. 3. The preference of coping strategies was decreased in the order named in resting. seeking social support. exercise or stretch. guarding. and asking for assistance. 4. The longer pain duration. the more the coping strategies of asking assistance used. This was stastically significant(F=3. 35. p<.05). 5. The group with the experience of hospital admission was more powerless than the group without that(F=3. as. p<.01). 6. Pain severity and powerlessness were significantly positively correlated(r=.444. p<.001). Coping strategy applying and powerlessness were significantly negatively correlated(r=-. 288. p<.01). In consequence. the nurse should playa role as the supporter of patient's maximal usage of his resources in pain relief. adjustment, and control. The nurses should also develop for the nursing intervention of physical therapy and educational programs.

This study examined effect of preceptorship on clinical education of 39 senior nursing students. Competency scores and satisfaction with preceptors scores were investigated. Competency scores of the students before the clinical education (pre-competency scores) were compared with the competency scores after the clinical education (post-competency scores), and satisfactory scores were also examined after the clinical education. Study results showed that the total post-competency scores were increased compared to the total pre-competency scores, and this increment was statistically significant. However, analyzing sub-domains of the competency scores indicated only the nursing-skill domain scores were increased while the scores of interpersonal domain and management domain were increased but statistically insignificant. Satisfaction with preceptors scores were also more than the average scores reflecting the students were satisfied with their preceptors generally. The students, However, grade low in the preceptors' intellectual ability while their professional and interpersonal ability were rather satisfied. This study indicated preceptors should make more efforts to teach interpersonal and management skill and increase their intellectual ability. This study recommended a systematic reward system for the preceptors to increase the motivation to teach students is needed.