This study was to examine the degree of market orientated effort by hospital type and size,. and analyzed the moderating effect of environments between market orientation and it's performance. First, there was no significant differences by hospital type, such public hospital, university hospital, and private hospital. However, the orders of market orientation implementation was university hospital. private hospital, and public hospital This finding suggest that university hospital and public hospital, should be market-oriented, or customer-oriented more now, relatively. Second, there were no significant differences in marketing as management policy by hospital types, i.e. public, university or private sector hospitals. However, as to the intensity of the implementation of the market-oriented approach, private hospitals came first, followed by the university hospitals, then the public ones. This finding suggests that university and public hospitals should be more market or customer oriented to compete in the market. Third, only the competitive environment does active moderating roll on hospital performance. The competitive environmental factor forces the organization to be more market oriented. This means the more you are positively situated in the competitive environment, the more you are looking for a market oriented approach. You become more aware of the value of customers and you become more focused on the customer satisfaction and thus become more patient oriented in every facet of decision making. And market oriented hospitals recognize the importance of utilization of high tech medical treatment skills and equipment in patient care. Fourth, according the analysis, market oriented effort gives more influence on hospital performance than the environmental factors. This means that the market oriented effort should become a culture of the hospital which seeks to out distance themselves from its competitors.

The purpose of this study was to determine the difference between estimated profit and utilization of medical equipment upon purchasing and actual results at one teaching hospital in Seoul, Korea Medical equipments over $100,000 from 1992 to 1997 were selected and results were as follows: 1. Twenty equipments out of thirty exceeded estimated profits and the difference was 3.98 billion won and ten equipments did not reach the estimated profits and 5.5 billion won was the difference. Diagnostic equipment exceeded the estimated profit which surgical equipment didn't. 2. Eleven equipments exceeded estimated utilization, which showed 100%. In the mean time, eighteen equipments didn't reach the estimated utilization, which was 71%. Diagnostic equipment showed the less estimated utilization than surgical equipment 3. Twenty-one equipments showed the 6.83 billion won profits and nine equipments showed the 1.6 billion won deficits. Diagnostic equipment was more profitable than surgical equipment. Finally. diagnostic equipment helped improving hospital management than surgical equipment. 4. Main factors which showed the big difference from the initial plan were lacking reasonable estimated method, no evaluation system for purchase, emphasis in medical treatment, excessive expenditure in maintenance, duplicated investment for medical equipment and leadership commitment. As a result. Substantial planning is required from the requesting department in consideration of estimated profit and utilization and systematic quality control is needed to confirm. Also, One-sided decision making should be avoided to purchase a high cost medical equipment and efforts should be made in examining carefully and developing a reasonable analytic method.

Nurses are medical personnel, who play a key role in supporting patient care, so it is important to supply them adequately in balance with ever increasing medical demand. But there appears severe shortage of nurses in some hospitals because of their uneven distribution, especially in small sized-hospitals and rural-hospitals. As nationwide distorted distribution of nurses in Korea is just like what monopsony model(a kind of market structure model) tells us, it is attempted to explain this situation of nurse labor market in Korea on the basis of monopsony model and presented in this paper. Specifically, determinants of nurse wage and the level of their relative employment were examined, and monopsony impact on their wage and the level of relative employment controlling those determinants were studied. Major results of this study arc as follows. The most important determinant of nurse wage level in this study was the wage level of a local community where each hospital located Hospital owner's characteristics an educational function of each hospital were also important factors. With these factor controlled, it was found that monopsony power of each hospital was negativel associated with nurse wage level as expected. 1% increase in monopsony power of hospital(measured by Herfindah-Hirschman Index) reduced nurse wage by $5,674{\sim}19,19$ won(in Korean currency). With regard to the level of relative employment, the most important determinant wa the capacity for supplying nurses of the local community. Again, hospital owner characteristics and educational function of each hospital were also important. With these factors controlled, it was found that monopsony power of each hospital was negative associated with the number of nurses per bed, as expected. 1% increase in monopsony power of each hospital(again measured by Herfindah-Hirschman Index) reduced the number of nurses per 100 bed as much as $0.46{\sim}0.67$. In conclusion. structural factors of nurse labor market influence the instability of nurse labor supply in Korea. Further consideration for these market structural characteristics needed for policy making related to nurse resource allocation.

There are increasing interest and need for information on health care consumer with the significance of hospital marketing and strategic planning being increasingly emphasized. This study was conducted to investigate the criteria for selection of medical facilities according to the characteristics of cataract patient. In order to investigate the major factors affecting selection of medical facilities by cataract patient, 300 subjects of cataract patients who was operated at 5 various medical care facilities were selected. Questionnaires are given on March, 2000 and 273 questionnaires were collected. Two types of hospitals(Eye Hospital and University hospital) were combined and analyzed. The main results of this research is as following; 1. In general characteristics of the patients, the variables shown statistically a significant difference between Eye Hospital and University Hospital; The6 educational level and average income are significantly higher in University Hospital Patient. 2. University Hospitals were preferred by the factors of social relationship, social reputation. The critical factors in reference for Eye hospital were kindness, service speed and convenience. This study can be used as a baseline data for marketing planning of hospital management. But the study may be limited in that the results cannot be generalized due to its small sample size and not being able to reflect demographic variables and life style. Further studies to investigate the hospital consumer behavior will be needed.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the opinions of hospital managers on DRG pilot study. Methods: Managers of 800 hospitals which had participated in DRG pilot study during the period 1997-1999, were requested to respond to structured self-administerd questionnaire. The questionnaire was composed with six categories: the motivation and satisfaction for the DRG pilot study, the opinions on the level of unit price, the appropriateness of DRG classification, the change of medical service quality during the pilot study, the patient's complains resulted from DRG system. and the opinions on the nation-wide application of DRG system. Results : Of the 800 subjects, 327(clinic, 210: 25 hospitals, 82 general hospitals, and 16 tertiary hospitals) completed the questionnaire, and the overall response rate was 41%, 121 hospitals(27%) answered that they participated in DRG pilot study because of convenience of claims and 118 hospitals(35%) dissatisfied with DRG system. 251 hospitals(85%) thought that the level of unit price under the DRG system was same as or lower than that of fee-for service. 297 hospitals(92%) responded that DRG classification should be modified and 137 hospitals(47%) experienced deterioration of medical service quality during the DRG pilot study. The 116 hospitals(35%) experienced the patient's complains resulted from DRG system. The 85 hospitals(88%) didn't want nation-wide application of DRG system. Conclusion: Most of the responded managers seemed to have negative opinions on DRG pilot study, even though they had been participated voluntarily. Further studies and extensive evaluations of DRG reimbursement system are needed before nation-wide application.

This study was conducted to understand the influences or satisfaction of mental disease patient's carer about medical service on utilizing hospital, for 202 mental disease patients who are in 19 hospitals from March 2, to 31, 2000 with questionnaire. Factor for understanding satisfaction of patient's carer includes ability of medical professional, view of facility, kindness of steps, convenience of medical procedure, cleanness of environment and convenience of traffic. The data collected were analyzed by SPSS program and the results of this study are summarized as follows; 1. There are not significantly difference bet wren general character and whole satisfaction of patient's carer. 2. Each factor has the positive relation with whole satisfaction of patient's carer about medical service. 3. Whole satisfaction of patient's carer have the significant positive relation with utilizing hospital($\beta$=.527, p=.000), this means that the higher whole satisfaction of patient's carer, the higher their tendance of utilizing hospital. 4. Knowledge for mental disease of patient's carer appear the positive results in view of medical care. In conclusion, the policy has to be developed in order to prevent the stop of utilizing hospital of patient and their carer. But there is a limit to except mental disease patients in this study.

The purpose of this study is to identify and clarify the factors which affect the complaining type, the complaining behavior, and the subsequent purchase intention. The data in this study is collected through questionnaires from patients with grievances who visited the help desk centers of :1 general hospitals in Seoul. Total 70 questionnaires were collected. The conclusions from this study can be summarized as follows; 1. The complaining type(related with medical service) have relatively correlation with the having of occupation among demographic characteristics and select motivation of hospital. 2. The complaining type(related with medical service) has an effect un the official complaining behavior. And the older persons take action with the official complaining behavior. 3. The complaining type(related with medical service) has an effect on the negative purchase intention. Therefore the most important thing in hospitals management is that hospitals improve their medical service quality. And hospital managers should station the complaining center and try to ease the complaining behavior and negative purchase intention.