DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A study on the false-positive reaction of Kastle-Meyer(KM) test and the application of KM reagent

Kastle-Meyer(KM) test의 위양성 반응과 시약 적용 방법에 관한 연구

  • Kim, Chae-Lin (Division of Forensic Science, Soonchunhyang University) ;
  • Kim, Chang-Yong (Division of Forensic Science, Soonchunhyang University) ;
  • Kim, Min-Yeong (Division of Forensic Science, Soonchunhyang University) ;
  • Yu, Je-Seol (Division of Forensic Science, Soonchunhyang University)
  • 김채린 (순천향대학교 법과학대학원) ;
  • 김창용 (순천향대학교 법과학대학원) ;
  • 김민영 (순천향대학교 법과학대학원) ;
  • 유제설 (순천향대학교 법과학대학원)
  • Received : 2020.08.12
  • Accepted : 2020.10.20
  • Published : 2020.10.28

Abstract

Kastle-Meyer (KM) test is one of presumptive tests used to detect latent blood in crime scenes. While this method is more sensitive than others, false positive reaction can be shown where blood does not exist. In this study, we tried to suggest a new application method to solve this problem. Reaction time and aspect of reaction of this new method was compared with two conventional methods in order to identify the effectiveness and identifiability. As a result, there was no statistically significant difference in sensitivity between the methods. In addition, in case of blood with a dilution ratio of 5000:1 or less, positive reaction showed immediately, making it easy to distinguish the reaction from false positive reaction. However, it became difficult to distinguish them with the reaction time as the dilution ratio increased, and this phenomenon could be supplemented observing aspect of the reaction when using the new method. Therefore, this study suggested a new method for KM test that can be used more accurately in the field.

Kastle-Meyer (KM) test는 현장에서 잠재혈흔을 확인하는 예비검사 방법으로, 다른 방법에 비해 감도가 뛰어난 반면, 혈액이 존재하지 않는 곳에서도 위양성 반응이 나타날 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 KM test의 위양성 반응의 문제를 해결하기 위해 새로운 적용 방법을 제시하고자 하였다. 새로운 KM test 적용 방법의 효과와 위양성의 식별 가능성을 확인하기 위해 기존의 두 가지 KM test 적용 방법과 반응 시간 및 양상을 비교하였다. 실험 결과, 실험에 사용된 KM test 적용 방법 간의 감도에는 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 희석비율이 5000:1 이하인 혈액에서는 즉시 양성반응이 나타나 위양성과 구분하기 용이했다. 하지만 혈액의 희석비율이 높아질수록 양성 반응의 발현 시간이 늦어지면서 위양성과 구분하기 어려웠고, 새로운 KM test 적용 방법은 반응의 양상을 통해 이를 보완할 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구는 KM test가 현장에서 보다 정확하게 사용될 수 있도록 새로운 적용 방법을 제시하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. J. T. Fish, L. S. Miler, M. C. Braswell & E. W. Wallace. (2013). Crime Scene Investigation Third Edition. Amsterdam : Elsevier DOI : 10.4324/9781315721910
  2. R. R. Ogle. (2012). Crime Scene Investigation and Reconstruction Third Edition. London : Pearson
  3. G. Schiro. (1997). Collection and Preservation of Blood Evidence from Crime Scenes. Crime Scene Investigator Network [Online]. www.crime-scene-investigator.net/blood.html
  4. S. S. Tobe, N. Watson & N. N. Daeid (2007), Evaluation of six presumptive tests for blood, their specificity, sensitivity, and effect on high molecular-weight DNA, Journal of Forensic Sciences. 52(1), 102-109. DOI : 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2006.00324.x
  5. S. J. Seashols, H. D. Cross, D. L. Shrader & A. Rief. (2013). A Comparison of Chemical Enhancements for the Detection of Latent Blood. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 58(1), 130-133. DOI : 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2012.02259.x
  6. R. S. Ramotowski. (2013) Advances in fingerprint technology. New York : CRC Press DOI :10.1201/b12882
  7. H. C. Lee, T. M. Palmbach & M. T. Miller. (2001). Henry Lee's Crime Scene Handbook. Amsterdam : Elsevier
  8. J. I. Creamer, T. I. Quickenden, M. V. Apanah, K. A. Kerr & P. Robertson (2003), A comprehensive experimental study of industrial, domestic and environmental interferences with the forensic luminol test for blood. The Journal of Biological and Chemical Luminescence, 18(4), 193-198. DOI : 10.1002/bio.723
  9. M. J. Lee et al. (2018). Comparative study of serological detection methods on old bloodstain samples. Analytical Science and Technology, 31(5), 201-207. DOI : 10.5806/AST.2018.31.5.201
  10. M. Cox. (1991). A Study of the Sensitivity and Specificity of Four Presumptive Tests for Blood. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 36(.5), 1503-1511. DOI : 10.1520/jfs13170j
  11. M. Vennemann, G. Scott, L. Curran, F. Bittner & S. S. Tobe. (2014). Sensitivity and specificity of presumptive tests for blood, saliva and semen. Forensic Science Medicine and Pathology, 10(1), 69-75. DOI : 10.1007/s12024-013-9515-6
  12. M. Grodsky, K. Wright & P. L. Kirk. (1951). Simplified Preliminary Blood Testing.An Improved Technique and a Comparative Study of Methods. The Journal of Criminal Law Criminology and Police Science, 42(1), 95-104. DOI : 10.2307/1140307
  13. V. Stewart, P. Deacon, N. Zahra, M. L. Uchimoto & K. J. Farrugia. (2018). The effect of mark enhancement techniques on the presumptive and confirmatory tests for blood. Science & Justice, 58(6), 386-396. DOI : 10.1016/j.scijus.2018.06.007
  14. S. Bleay, V. Sears & R. Downham. (2017). Fingerprint Source Book. London : Home Office Centre for Applied Science and Technology.
  15. $Sirchie^{(R)}$. (2014). Technical Information - DCB101 Phenolphthalein Solution. USA : $Sirchie^{(R)}$