Fig. 1. Concept of the pre-cooling system in HRS
Fig. 2. Size of the heat exchanger
Fig. 3. Experimental apparatus for indirect cooling of the gases
Fig. 4. Experimental apparatus for direct cooling of the gases
Fig. 5. Relationship between the temperature of chiller and the cooling temperature of H2 gas obtained by direct cooling
Table 1. Construction plan of hydrogen refueling station in South Korea
Table 2. Relationship between the flow rate of heat medium oil and the cooling temperature of N2 and He gas obtained by indirect cooling
Table 3. Relationship between the temperature of chiller and the cooling temperature of N2 and He gas obtained by direct cooling
References
- G. J. Hwang, H. S. Choi, A. S. Kang, J. W. Kim, and K. Onuki, "Thermochemical water-splitting IS(iodine-sulfur) process for hydrogen production", J. Korean Ind. Eng. Chem., Vol. 13, No. 6, 2002, pp. 600-605.
- G. J. Hwang, K. S. Kang, H. J. Han, and J. W. Kim, "Technology trend for water electrolysis hydrogen production by the patent analysis", Trans. of the Korean Hydrogen and New Energy Society, Vol. 18, No. 1, 2007, pp. 95-108.
- G. J. Hwang and H. S. Choi, "Hydrogen production systems through water electrolysis", Membrane J., Vol. 27, No. 6, 2017, pp. 477-786, doi: https://doi.org/10.14579/MEMBRANE_JOURNAL.2017.27.6.477.
- J. AIazemi and J. Andrews, "Automotive hydrogen fueling satations: An international review", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 48, 2015, pp. 483-499, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.03.085.
- T. H. Lee, B. W. Kang, E. W. Lee, C. J. Bae, and H. S. Jin, "The study to find causes for measuring differences of hydrogen fillings in hydrogen refueling station", Trans. of the Korean Hydrogen and New Energy Society, Vol. 29, No. 1, 2018, pp. 32-40, doi: https://doi.org/10.7316/KHNES.2018.29.1.32.
- Press release, "Road map of the hydrogen economy vitalization", Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy of South Korea, Korea, 2019. 1. 17. Retrieved from http://www.motie.go.kr/motie/ne/presse/press2/bbs/bbsView.do?bbs_seq_n=161262&bbs_cd_n=81¤tPage=531&search_key_n=title_v&cate_n=&dept_v=&search_val_v=.
- D. Melideo, D. Baraldi, M. C. Galassi, R. O. Vebolla, B. A. Iborra, and P. Moretto, "CFD model performance benchmark of fast filling simulations of hydrogen thanks with pre-cooling", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 39, No. 9, 2014, pp. 4389-4395, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.12.196.
- Society of Atomotive Engineers (SAE)-J2601, "Fueling protocols for light duty gaseous hydrogen surface vehicles", Surface Vehicle Standard, USA, 2014. Retrieved from https://www.sae.org/standards/content/j2601_201407/.
- S. Pique, B. Weinberger, V. De-Dianous, and B. Debray, "Comparative study of regulations, codes and standard and practices on hydrogen fuelling station", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 42, No. 11, 2017, pp. 7429-7439, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.02.158.
- A. Elgowainy, K. Reddi, D. Y. Lee, N. Rustagi, and E. Gupta, "Techno-economic and thermodynamic analysis of pre-cooling systems at gaseous hydrogen refueling stations", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 42, No. 49, 2017, pp. 29067-29079, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.09.087.
- E. Talpacci, M. Reuss, T. Grube, P. Cilibrizzi, R. Gunnella, M. Robinius, and D. Stolten, "Effect of cascade storage system topology on the cooling energy consumption in fueling stations for hydrogen vehicles", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 43, No. 12, 2018, pp. 6256-6265, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.02.030.
- A. Bauer, T. Mayer, M. Semmel, M. A. G. Morales, and J. Wind, "Energetic evaluation of hydrogen refueling stations with liquid or gaseous stored hydrogen", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 44, No. 13, 2019, pp. 6795-6812, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.01.087.
- J. Xiao, X. Wang, P. Benard, and R. Chahine, "Determining hydrogen pre-cooling temperature from refueling parameters", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 41, No. 36, 2016, pp. 16316-16321, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.06.084.
- J. Xiao, J. Cheng, X. Wang, P. Benard, and R. Chahine, "Final hydrogen temperature and mass estimated from refueling parameters", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 43, No. 49, 2018, pp. 22409-22418, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.10.131.
- T. Kuroki, N. Sakoda, K. Shinzato, M. Monde, and Y. Tanaka, "Prediction of transient temperature of hydrogen flowing from pre-cooler of refueling station to inlet of vehicle tank", Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 43, No. 3, 2018, pp. 1846-1854, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.11.033.