Fig. 1. Bjerrum diagram for dissolved CO2 species at closed system. This figure shows that the alkalinity end point where [H+] = [HCO3-] changes according to DIC.
Fig. 2. The relation between alkalinity end point and pH titration curve. End point exactly matches with the inflection point of pH titration curve at pH between 4 and 5. This diagram was prepared with the DIC condition of 5.4 mmol/L and pCO2 of - 1.0.
Fig. 3. An illustration of Gran titration method based on actual data.
Table 1. Alkalinity values (meq/L) of Korean groundwaters measured using the Gran titration technique
Table 2. Methods for alkalinity measurements
Table 3. Estimation of alkalinity contribution from various components indicated in Standard Methods (APHA et al., 2012a)
Table 4. The pH ranges for color changes of various pH indicators used for alkalinity measurements
Table 5. End-point pH values suggested by Standard Method (APHA et al., 2012a)
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