Fig. 1. Regional geologic map of the Hwanggangri Mineralized District. J: Jecheon granite, M: Muamsa granite, S: Susan granite, W: Weolaksan granite, NM: Nangrim massif, PB: Pyeongnam basin, IB: Imjingang Belt, GM: Gyeonggi massif, OB: Okcheon belt, YM: Yeongnam massif, GB: Gyeongsang basin.
Fig. 2. Geologic map of the Wooseok deposit(Modified from Park and Park, 1979).
Fig. 3. Cross section of the Wooseok deposit(Modified from KORES, 1981).
Fig. 4. Rock slabs and microscopic images of skarn in the Wooseok deposit. (a) Pyroxene skarn in the No.3 adit, (b) Recrystallized limestone in the No.3 adit, (c, d) Pyroxene skarn replaced by sulfide minerals in the Main adit, (e, f) Garnet and pyroxene skarn cut by quartz and calcite vein in the Deajeol adit. (g) Pyroxene coexisting with quartz in the No.3 adit, (h) Recrystallized and/or altered calcite in the No.3 adit, (i, j) Pyroxene cut by ore vein in the Main adit, (k, l) Euhedral and zoned garnet replaced or cut by pyroxene, quartz and calcite in the Daejeol adit. Abbreviations: Cc: calcite, Cp: chalcopyrite, Fl: fluorite, Gt: garnet, Mb: molybdenite, Po: pyrrhotite, Py: pyrite, Px: pyroxene, Qtz: quartz.
Fig. 5. Representative images of polished sections from the South(a-c), No.3(d-f), Main(g-i) and Daejeol(j-l) adit in the Wooseok deposit. (a-c) Pyrrhotite coexisting with pyrite and replaced by sphalerite and chalcopyrite, (d) Galena and sphalerite in contact with subhedral pyrite, (e) Chalcopyrite disease showing dusting texture in sphalerite, (f) Molybdenite coexisting with pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite, (g) Pyrite and pyrrhotite replaced by galena, sphalerite and chalcopyrite, (h) Arsenopyrite replaced by pyrrhotite, chalcopryte and sphalerite, (i) Chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite and galena cut by late pyrite, (j) magnetite and hematite replaced by pyrite and chalcopyrite, (k) Molybdenite coexisting with scheelite and wolframite, (l) Pyrite and pyrrhotite replaced by sphalerite and galena. Abbreviations: Asp: arsenopyrite, Gn: galena, Ht: hematite, Mt: magnetie, Sch: scheelite, Sph: sphalerite, Wf: wolframite, Refer to Fig. 4 others.
Fig. 6. Paragenetic sequence of minerals in the Wooseok deposit.
Fig. 7. Ternary diagrams of chemical composition of garnet and pyroxene from the Wooseok deposit and representative ore deposits in the Hwangganri and Taebaeksan mineralized district (data from Chang and Park, 1988; Choi and Kim, 1989; Choi et al., 2007; Kim et al., 2012; Lim et al., 2013; Moon, 1983; Yun, 1979, 1983).
Fig. 8. Chemical compositions of sphalerite from the Wooseok deposit.
Fig. 9. Ternary diagram showing chemical compostions of sphalerite from the Wooseok deposit and representative Pb-Zn and W deposits in other areas: Dangdu(Lim et al., 2013), Subok(Shin et al., 2017), Eunch(Park et al., 1988), Samgwang(Yoo et al., 2002), Sangdong(Moon, 1983), Tungsten deposits in Japan(Shibue, 1988).
Fig. 10. Oxygen fugacity vs sulfur fugacity diagram showing depositional condition of oxide and sulfide phases at 1kb and 300℃(Modified from Pandit, 2015).
Table 5. Features of various metallic ore deposits in the Hwanggangri mineralized district
Table 1. Representative EPMA analyses of garnet from the Wooseok deposit
Table 2. Representative EPMA analyses of pyroxene from the Wooseok deposit
Table 3. Representative EPMA analyses of sphalerite from the Wooseok deposit
Table 4. Sulfur isotope compositions of sulfide minerals from the Wooseok deposit
참고문헌
- Chang, H.W. and Park, H.I. (1988) Metallogenesis and geochemistry of Dongnam Fe-Mo bearing skarn deposit. Report of Korea Science and Engineering Foundation, 63p.
- Choi, J.B. and Kim, S.J. (1989) Mineralogy of clinopyroxene from the Geodo mine. Jour. Miner. Soc. Korea, v.2, p.26-36.
- Choi, J.B. and Kim, S.J. (1991) Mineralogy and iron chemistry of garnets and clinopyroxenes in the skarn deposits, the Hambaek geosyncline belt, Korea. Jour. Miner. Soc. Korea, v.4, p.119-128.
- Choi, S.G. (1993) Compositional variations of sphalerites and their genetic characteristics from gold and/or silver deposits in central Korea. Jour. Korean Inst. Mining Geol., v.26, p.135-144.
- Choi, S.G., Park, J.W., Seo, J.U., Kim, C.S., Shin, J.K., Kim, N.H., Yoo, I.K., Lee, J.Y. and Ahn, Y.H. (2007) Hidden porphyry-related ore potential of the Geumseong Mo deposit and its genetic environment. Econ. Environ. Geol., v.40, p.1-14.
- Chon, H.T. (1983) Lithochemical features of Weolacsan granite mass and their relation to mineralization. Jour. Korean Inst. Mining Geol., v.20, p.199-208.
- Chon, H.T. and Shimazaki, H. (1986) Iron, manganese and cadmium contents of sphalerites and their genetical implications to hydrothermal metallic ore deposits in Korea. Jour. Korean Inst. Mining Geol., v.19, p.139-149.
- Chough, S.K., Kwon, S.T., Ree, J.H. and Choi, D.K. (2000) Tectonic and sedimentary evolution of the Korean peninsula: a review and new view. Earth-Sci. Rev., v.52, p.175-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-8252(00)00029-5
- Cook, N.J., Ciobanue, C.L., Pring, A., Skinner, W., Shimizu, M., Danyushevsky, L., Saini-Eidukat, B. and Melcher, F. (2009) Trace and minor elements in sphalerite: A LA-ICP-MS study. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, v.73, p.4761-4791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.05.045
- Einaudi, M.T. (1981) Skarn deposits. Econ. Geol., v.75, p.317-391.
- Faure, G. (1986) Principles of isotope geology. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 589p.
-
Jugo, P.J., Candela, P.A. and Piccoli. P.M. (1999) Magmatic sulfides and Au:Cu ratios in porphyry deposits: an experimental study of copper and gold partitioning at
$850^{\circ}C$ , 100MPa in a haplogranitic melt-pyrrhotiteintermediate solid solution-gold metal assemblage, at gas saturation. Lithos, v.46, p.573-589. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-4937(98)00083-8 - Kim, E.J., Park, M.E. and White, N.C. (2012) Skarn gold mineralization at the Geodo mine, South Korea. Econ. Geol., v.107, p.537-551. https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.107.3.537
- KORES(Korea Resources Corporation) (1981) Ore deposit of South Korea. v.8, p.166-167.
- Lee, I.S. and Park, H.I. (1982) Fluid inclusion studies on the Wolak tungsten-molybdenum deposits, Korea. Jour. Korean Inst. Mining Geol., v.15, p.17-32.
- Lee, S.G., Shin, S.C., Kim, K.H., Lee, T., Koh, H. and Song, Y.S. (2010) Petrogenesis of three Cretaceous granites in the Okcheon Metamorphic Belt, South Korea: Geochemical and Nd-Sr-Pb isotopic constraints. Gondwana Research, v.17, p.87-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2009.04.012
- Lim, O., Yu, J.H., Koh, S.M. and Heo, C.H. (2013) Mineralogy and chemical compositions of Dangdu Pb-Zn deposit. Econ. Environ. Geol., v.46, p.123-140. https://doi.org/10.9719/EEG.2013.46.2.123
- Martin, J.D. and Gil, A.S.I. (2005) An integrated thermodynamic mixing model for sphalerite geobarometry from 300 to 850oC and up to 1 GPa. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, v.69, p.995-1006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2004.08.009
- Megaw, P.K., Ruiz, J. and Titley, S.R. (1988) Hightemperature, carbonate-hosted Ag-Pb-Zn (Cu) deposits of northern Mexico. Econ. Geol., v.83, p.1856-1885. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.83.8.1856
- Meinert, L.D. (1992) Skarn and skarn deposits. Geoscience Canada, v.19, p.145-162.
- Meinert, L.D., Dipple, G.M. and Nicolescu, S. (2005) World skarn deposits. Econ. Geol. 100th anniversary volume, p.299-336.
- Moon, K. J. (1983) The genesis of the Sangdong tungsten deposit, the Republic of Korea. Doctoral dissertation, Univ. Tasmania, Australia, 366p.
- Ohmoto, H. and Rye, R.O. (1979) Isotopes of sulfur and carbon. In: Barnes, H.L. (ed.) Geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits, 2nd ed., 509-567. John Wiley, New York, 798p.
- Pandit, D. (2015) Thermodynamic model for hydrothermal sulfide deposition in the paleoproterozoic granite ore system at Malanjkhand, Indian. Indian J. Geo-Marine Sciences, v.44, p.1697-1711.
- Parat, F., Holtz, F. and Streck, M.J. (2011) Sulfur-bearing magmatic accessory minerals. Rev. Mineral. Geochem., v.73, p.285-314. https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2011.73.10
- Park, H.I., Woo, Y.K. and Hwang, J. (1988) Polymetallic mineralization in the Eunchi silver mine. J. Geol. Soc. Korea, v.24, p.431-449.
- Park, H.P. and Park, H.I. (1979) Studies on the fluid inclusions of Useok Polymetallic mineral deposits. J. Geol. Soc. Korea, v.15, p.282-294.
- Scott, S.D. and Barnes, H.L. (1971) Sphalerite geothermometry and geobarometry. Econ. Geol., v.66, p.653-669. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.66.4.653
- Shibue, Y. (1988) High cadmium contents of sphalerites from major tungsten deposits in Japan. Mineralogical J., v.14, p.115-125. https://doi.org/10.2465/minerj.14.115
- Shin, D.B., Im, H.K., Jeong, J.Y. and Lee, M.T. (2017) A genetic study for the estimation of Pb-Zn skarn ores in the Hwanggangri Mineralized District. Report of Korea Resources Corporation, 66p.
- Simon, A.C. and Ripley, E.M. (2011) The role of magmatic sulfur in the formation of ore deposits. Rev. Mineral. Geochem, v.73, p.513-578. https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2011.73.16
- So, C.S., Rye, D.M. and Shelton, K.L. (1983) Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur isotope and fluid inclusion study of the Weolag tungsten-molybdenum deposit, Republic of Korea: Fluid histories of metamorphic and ore-forming events. Econ. Geol., v.78, p.1557-1573.
- So, C.S. and Yun, S.T. (1992) Geochemistry and genesis of hydrothermal Au-Ag-Zn deposits in the Hwanggangri Mineralized District, Republic of Korea. Econ. Geol., v.87, p.2056-2084. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.87.8.2056
- So, C.S. and Yun, S.T. (1994) Origin and evolution of WMo- producing fluids in a granitic hydrothermal system: Geochemical studies of quartz vein deposits around the Susan granite, Hwanggangri district, Republic of Korea. Econ. Geol., v.89, p.246-267. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.89.2.246
- Williams-Jones, A.E., Samson, I.M., Ault, K.M., Gagnon, J.E. and Fryer, B.J. (2010) The genesis of distal zinc skarns: Evidence from the Mochito deposit, Honduras. Econ. Geol., v.105, p.1411-1440. https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.105.8.1411
- Yoo, B.C., Lee, H.K. and Choi, S.G. (2002) Stable isotope, Fluid inclusion and mineralogical studies of the Samkwang gold-silver deposits, Republic of Korea. Econ. Environ. Geol., v.35, p.299-316.
- Yun, S.K. (1979) Structural and compositional characteristics of skarn zinc-lead deposits in the Yeonhwa- Ulchin mining district, Southeastern Taebaegsan region, Korea Part I: The Yeonhwa I mine. Jour. Korean Inst. Mining Geol., v.12, p.51-73.
- Yun, S.K. (1983) Skarn-ore associations and phase Equilibria in the Yeonhwa-Keodo mines, Korea. Jour. Korean Inst. Mining Geol., v.16, p.1-10.
- Yun, S.K., Kim, K.H. and Woo, J.S. (1986) Studies on geology and mineral resources of the Okcheon belts- Mineralization in the vicinity of the Muamsa granite stock. Jour. Korean Inst. Mining Geol., v.19, p.3-17.
- Zuo, P., Liu, X., Hao, J., Wang, Y., Zhao, R., and Ge, S. (2015) Chemical compositions of garnet and clinopyroxene and their genetic significances in Yemaquan skarn iron-copper-zinc deposit, Qimantagh, eastern Kunlun. Jour. Geochem. Explor., v.158, p.143-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2015.07.011