• 전산구조공학
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.169-177
• /
• 1996

구조물에 있어서 위상학적 최적화 문제는 최적화를 구하는 과정에서 구조체가 변화함으로 인한 어려움 때문에 최적화 분야에서 가장 어려운 문제로 간주되어 왔다. 종래의 방법으로는 일반적으로 구조요소 사이즈가 영으로 접근할 때 강성 매트릭스의 singularity를 발생시킴으로써 최적의 해를 얻지 못하고 도중에 계산이 종료되어 버린다. 본 연구에 있어서는 이러한 문제점들을 해결하기 위한 비선형 프로그래밍 formulation을 제안하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이 formulation의 주된 특성은 요소 사이즈가 영이 되는 것을 허용한다. 평형방정식을 등제약조건으로 간주함으로써 강성 매트릭스의 singularity를 피할 수 있다. 이 formulation을 하중을 받는 구조물에 있어서 응력과 변위의 제약조건하에서 중량을 최소화할때의 유한요소의 두께를 구하는 디자인 문제에 적용하여, 이 formulation이 위상학적 최적화에 있어서의 효과를 입증하였다.

• 비파괴검사학회지
• /
• 제30권5호
• /
• pp.458-463
• /
• 2010

음향 비선형성은 재료 물성의 미세한 변화에 민감하기 때문에, 이를 측정하는 비선형 초음파 기술은 재료의 열화나 피로를 평가할 수 있는 기법으로 연구되어 왔다. 하지만 벌크파를 이용하는 일반적인 비선형 초음파 기법은 얇은 판재에 적용하는 것에는 여러 한계가 있다. 이와 같은 경우에는 비선형 Lamb 파의 사용을 생각할 수 있지만, Lamb 파는 벌크파와 매우 다른 전파 특성을 가지고 있어 그 비선형 특성에 대한 별도의 연구를 필요로 한다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 Lamb 파에서 비선형성에 의해 전파하면서 누적 성장할 수 있는 2차 고조파 모드의 발생 조건을 분석하였으며, 그 결과 네 가지 조건, 즉 (1) phase matching, (2) non-zero power flux, (3) group velocity matching, (4) non-zero out-of-plane displacement 를 제시하였다. 그리고 제시된 조건으로 알루미늄 판재에 대책 실험한 결과 이론 예측과 동일하게 전파 거리에 따라 2차 고조파 성분의 크기와 비선형 파라미터가 증가하였고, Al6061-T6 과 Al1100-H14에서 측정된 상대적인 비선형 파라미터의 비율이 이론적인 비율과 근접함을 보였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.519-528
• /
• 1998

A numerical method is presented for the dynamic analysis of cam and follower. Contact and separation between the cam and the follower are analyzed by imposing dynamic contact condition. The correct solution is obtained without spurious oscillation by imposing the velocity and acceleration constraints as well as the displacement constraint on the possible contact point. The constraints are satisfied by iteratively reducing the constraint errors toward zero, and a simple time integration of ordinary differential equation is employed for the solution of the equation of motion. The solution procedure associated with the iterative scheme is presented, and numerical simulations are conducted to demonstrate the accuracy of the solution.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국수자원학회 1983년도 제25회 수공학 연구발표회 논문초록집
• /
• pp.78-79
• /
• 1983

It is well known that small amplitude wave theory, a first approximation to the complete theoretical description of wave behavior, yields a maximum investment in mathematical endeavor. But, if the wave amplitude is large, the small amplitude considerations are not valid, and finite amplitude wave theory which retains higher-order terms to obtain an accurate representation of the wave motion is numercal theory. The Stream function wave theory, one of the numerical methods, was developed by Dean for use with asymmetric measured wave profiles and with symmetric theoretical wave profiles. Dalrymple later improved the comjputational procedure by adding two Lagrangian constraints so that more efficient convergence of the iterative numerical method to a specified wave heigh and to a zero mean free surface displacement resulted. This paper introduces in details the Dean and Darlymple Stream Function Method in case of the symmetric theoretical wave, because in design purposes, wave height and wave period are given.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
• /
• 제22권11호
• /
• pp.883-887
• /
• 2016

Navigating an unknown environment is a challenging task for a robot, especially when a large number of obstacles exist and the odometry lacks reliability. Pose tracking allows the robot to determine its location relative to its previous location. The ICP (iterative closest point) has been a powerful method for matching two point clouds and determining the transformation matrix between the maps. However, in a situation where odometry is not available and the robot moves far from its original location, the ICP fails to calculate the exact displacement. In this paper, we suggest a method that is able to match two different point clouds taken a long distance apart. Without using any odometry information, it only exploits the features of corner points containing information on the surroundings. The algorithm is fast enough to run in real time.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.229-247
• /
• 2020

This study analyzed stresses in concrete and its reinforcement, computing the additional loading transferred by concrete creep. The loading varied from zero, structure exclusively under its self-weight, up to the critical buckling load. The studied structure was a real, tapered, reinforced concrete pole. As concrete is a composite material, homogenizing techniques were used in the calculations. Due to the static indetermination for determining the normal forces acting on concrete and reinforcement, equations that considered the balance of forces and compatibility of displacement on cross-sections were employed. In the mathematical solution used to define the critical buckling load, all the elements of the structural dynamics present in the system were considered, including the column self-weight. The structural imperfections were linearized using the geometric stiffness, the proprieties of the concrete were considered according to the guidelines of the American Concrete Institute (ACI 209R), and the ground was modeled as a set of distributed springs along the foundation length. Critical buckling loads were computed at different time intervals after the structure was loaded. Finite element method results were also obtained for comparison. For an interval of 5000 days, the modulus of elasticity and critical buckling load reduced by 36% and 27%, respectively, compared to an interval of zero days. During this time interval, stress on the reinforcement steel reached within 5% of the steel yield strength. The computed strains in that interval stayed below the normative limit.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제71권5호
• /
• pp.469-483
• /
• 2019

In this paper, an improved mathematical model is presented for the bending analysis of doubly curved functionally graded material (FGM) sandwich rhombic conoids. The mathematical model includes expansion of Taylor's series up to the third degree in thickness coordinate and normal curvatures in in-plane displacement fields. The condition of zero-transverse shear strain at upper and lower surface of rhombic conoids is implemented in the present model. The newly introduced feature in the present mathematical model is the simultaneous inclusion of normal curvatures in deformation field and twist curvature in strain-displacement equations. This unique introduction permits the new 2D mathematical model to solve problems of moderately thick and deep doubly curved FGM sandwich rhombic conoids. The distinguishing feature of present shell from the other shells is that maximum transverse deflection does not occur at its center. The proposed new mathematical model is implemented in finite element code written in FORTRAN. The obtained numerical results are compared with the results available in the literature. Once validated, the current model was employed to solve numerous bending problems by varying different parameters like volume fraction indices, skew angles, boundary conditions, thickness scheme, and several geometric parameters.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.237-247
• /
• 2011

현수교의 초기평형상태를 결정하기 위한 개선된 초기부재력법을 제시한다. 먼저 현수교의 주케이블과 행어가 만나는 절점에서 힘의 평형조건을 이용하여 초기평형상태를 결정한 뒤, 이 때 계산된 주 케이블의 절점좌표와 각 케이블 부재의 무응력장을 입력 값으로 하여 초기부재력을 도입한 비선형 해석을 수행하였다. 일반적인 초기부재력법의 경우 각 단계에서 계산된 부재력을 통하여 케이블의 무응력장을 재산정하지만, 본 연구에서는 각 케이블 부재의 무응력장을 매 계산 단계에서 고정된 값으로 취한다. 2차원 및 3차원 현수교 모델에 공통적으로 적용할 수 있다. 수치예제 결과 값의 비교를 통하여 연구의 타당성을 검증하였다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.599-607
• /
• 2002

형상 최적설계 중에 발생하는 절점의 과도한 이동은 요소망을 왜곡하고, 결국 최적해의 저하를 유발한다. 이러한 문제를 개선한 형상 최적설계 기법을 개발하였다. 이 방법은 구조물의 형상이 변해 갈 수 있는 충분한 공간의 설계 영역을 정하여, 균일하고 세밀한 요소망을 미리 생성한다. 각각의 최적화 단계마다 모든 요소들과 구조물의 위치 관계를 검사하여, 내부의 요소에는 실제의 물성치를 부여하고, 외부에 존재하는 요소는 0에 가까운 물성치를 부여한다. 변위와 고유 진동수의 제한조건을 가진 두 개의 예제를 통해 이 방법의 특징을 살펴보았다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제38권5호
• /
• pp.497-521
• /
• 2021

In this study, an effective numerical method is introduced for nonlinear inelastic analyses of rectangular concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) frames for the first time. A steel-concrete composite fiber beam-column element model is developed that considers material, and geometric nonlinearities, and residual stresses. This is achieved by using stability functions combined with integration points along the element length to capture the spread of plasticity over the composite cross-section along the element length. Additionally, a multi-spring element with a zero-length is employed to model the nonlinear semi-rigid beam-to-column connections in CFST frame models. To solve the nonlinear equilibrium equations, the generalized displacement control algorithm is adopted. The accuracy of the proposed method is firstly verified by a large number of experiments of CFST members subjected to various loading conditions. Subsequently, the proposed method is applied to investigate the nonlinear inelastic behavior of rectangular CFST frames with fully rigid, semi-rigid, and hinged connections. The accuracy of the predicted results and the efficiency pertaining to the computation time of the proposed method are demonstrated in comparison with the ABAQUS software. The proposed numerical method may be efficiently utilized in practical designs for advanced analysis of the rectangular CFST structures.