• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2020

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a clinically heterogeneous group of monogenic disorders characterized by ß-cell dysfunction. MODY accounts for between 2% and 5% of all diabetes cases, and distinguishing it from type 1 or type 2 diabetes is a diagnostic challenge. Recently, MODY-causing mutations have been identified in 14 different genes. Sanger DNA sequencing is the gold standard for identifying the mutations in MODY-related genes, and may facilitate the diagnosis. Despite the lower frequency among diabetes mellitus cases, a correct genetic diagnosis of MODY is important for optimizing treatment strategies. There is a discrepancy in the disease-causing locus between the Asian and Caucasian patients with MODY. Furthermore, the prevalence of the disease in Asian populations remains to be studied. In this review, the current understanding of MODY is summarized and the Asian studies of MODY are discussed in detail.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.331-340
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• 2022

Purpose: Thisstudy aimed to identify the effect of varying the expansibility of elastic tape on the onset time of muscle contraction during neck extension for forward head posture syndrome. Methods: Forty-five young adults with forward head posture syndrome volunteered to participate and were randomly assigned to one of three groups according to the expansibility of the elastic tape (25%, 50%, 75%). The onset time of muscle contraction for the neck extensor during neck extension was measured using an electromyographic system (Free EMG, BTS, Italy). Multivariate analysis of variance was employed to determine the effect of different expansibilities of elastic tape on the onset time of muscle contraction during neck extension for forward head posture syndrome. When there was a statistically significant difference by MANOVA, Scheffe was used as a post-hoc test. The level of significance was set at α=0.05. Results: In the comparison of the onset time of muscle contraction of varying elastic tape expansibilities and measurement times, there was a significant difference between the groups (Lt. UT, Lt. SCM, Rt. SCM) (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the interaction between the measurement time and the group, between the measurement time (p > 0.05). Conclusion: In the neck extension, 75% of the tape extensibility in the Lt. UT and both SCM shortened the muscle contraction onset time.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.94-100
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• 2021

Early onset scoliosis (EOS) describes the onset of scoliosis before the age of 10 years and is associated with significant health risks. Compared to adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, studies on the etiology of EOS in children are more common. EOS includes inhomogeneous groups of patients, and the etiology of EOS may be congenital, neuromuscular, syndromic, or idiopathic. The identification of the molecular etiology underlying patients with EOS has been increasing. This could provide valuable information for optimizing the management and care of these children. In this review, EOS was reviewed from a medical genomic perspective.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.70-76
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of hip extension velocity (7.5 degree/second, 30 degree/second) on the relative onset time of the gluteus maximus in relation to the hamstring during hip extension in prone position. Thirteen healthy male subjects (mean age=22.6 years [SD=1.8], mean weight=73.4 kg [SD=10.3], mean height=176.1 cm [SD=6.3]) voluntarily participated in this study. Electromyographic data was collected on the gluteus maximus and hamstring to determine onset time. Statistical analyses were performed with the paired t-test. The results showed that the onset time of the hamstring was significantly faster than that of the gluteus maximus in both fast and slow hip extension velocity. The gluteus maximus began contraction .079 seconds later following the contraction of the hamstring. The onset time of the hamstring was significantly faster in fast hip extension velocity compared with slow hip extension velocity. In conclusion, it was determined that the onset time of the gluteus maximus was faster with fast hip extension velocity compared with slow hip extension velocity. There was a statistically significant difference between the onset times of the gluteus maximus and hamstring in relation to the two velocities (p<.05). Further study is needed to examine whether the velocity of hip extension can influence the onset time in a similar fashion in patients with low back pain.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.38.3-39
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• 2010

While major solar proton events (SPEs) come from the coronal mass eject (CME)-driven shocks in solar wind, there are many evidences that potentiality of CMEs to generate SPEs depends on its early evolution near the Sun and on different solar activities observed around the CME liftoff time. To decipher origin of SPE release, we have investigated onset time comparison of the SPE with CME, metric type II radio burst, and hard X-ray flare. For this, we select 30 SPEs observed from 1997 to 2006 by using the particle instrument ERNE onboard SOHO, which allows proton flux anisotropy measurement in the energy range ~10 - 50MeV. Onset time of the SPEs is inferred by considering the energy-dependent proton transport time. As results, we found that (1) SPE onset time is comparable to that of type II but later than type III onset time and HXR start time, (2) SPE onset time is mostly later than the peak time of HXR flare, (3) almost half of the SPE onsets occurred after the HXR emission, and (4) there are two groups of CME height at the onset time of SPE; one is the height below 5 Rs (low corona) and the other is above 5Rs (high corona). In this talk, we will present the onset time comparison and discuss about the origin of the SPE onset.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.175-180
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• 2022

Purpose: Leg length discrepancy causes the posture deformation, gait asymmetry, and lower back pain. The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlation among functional leg length discrepancy (FLLD), muscle activity, muscle contraction onset time and vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) during simple lifting task. Methods: Thirty-nine subjects participated in this study. FLLD was measured from the umbilicus to medial malleolus of left and right leg using a tape. The subjects performed to lift a 10 kg box from the floor to chest. The muscle activity and muscle contraction onset time of rectus abdominis, erector spinae and rectus femoris was measured using EMG system and vGRF was measured by two force plate. Pearson correlation was used to fine out the correlation among FDDL, muscle activity, muscle contraction onset time and vGRF during simple lifting task. Results: Correlation between FLLD and difference of muscle activity of short-long side was very high (r>0.9) during simple lifting task. Correlation between FLLD and difference of muscle contraction onset time of short-long side was very high (r>0.9) during simple lifting task. And correlation between FLLD and difference of vGRF of short-long side was high (r>0.7) during simple lifting task. Conclusion: This study suggests that there is high correlation between FLLD and muscle activity, muscle contraction onset time, and ground reaction force during simple lifting task. Therefore, FLLD could negatively affect the postural balance.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.467-473
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• 1997

South Korea has been free from endemic malaria by P. vivax since the mid-1980s, but malaria infections, including military outbreak in 1995, have been increasing steadily in the soldiers serving near the western part of Demilitarized Zone(DMZ) since its first resurgence in 1993. We experinced 8 cases of delayed onset P. vivax malaria in young men who had never been abroad and had no history of blood transfusion or parenteral use of drug. All the patients had served near the western part of DMZ during their military life. They were admitted to Yeungnam University hospital due to cyclic fever with chills and the clinical symptoms were developed 2 months to 11months after discharge from military service. Peripheral blood smears showed typical ring forms and trophozoites of P. vivax in red blood cell. Patients were treated with hydroxychloroquine and primaquine showing rapid clinical and hematologic responses in all cases, but 2 cases were relapsed later. We presumed that theses cases were delayed onset of P. vivax infection resulted from the recent outbreak in the western part of DMZ, in 1995. Therefore, we reported theses cases to emphasize the need of active surveillance and prevention.

• Journal of Interdisciplinary Genomics
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2021

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is characterized by a heterogeneous group of monogenic diabetes. MODY has autosomal dominant inheritance, a primary defect in pancreatic β-cell, and an early onset. Discriminating MODY from type 1 or type 2 diabetes is often challenging at first. To date, 14 different disease causing mutations have been identified in MODY patients worldwide. Targeted DNA sequencing is the gold standard to diagnose MODY and their asymptomatic relatives. Next-generation sequencing may help successfully to diagnose MODY patients and identify new MODY genes. In this review, the current perspectives on diagnosis and treatment of MODY and discrepancy in the disease-causing mutations between the Asian and Caucasian patients with MODY are summarized.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.267-272
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• 2003

The isothermal cure reactions of blends of epoxy (DGEBA, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A)/anhydride resin with polyamide copolymer (poly(dimmer acid-co-alkyl polyamine)) or PEI were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Rheological measurements have been made to investigate the viscosity and mechanical relaxation behavior of the blends. The reaction rate and the final cure conversion were decreased with increasing the amount of thermoplastics in the blends. Lower values of final cure conversions in the epoxy/thermoplastic blends indicate that thermoplastics hinder the cure reaction between the epoxy and the curing agent. Complete miscibility was observed in the uncured blends of epoxy/thermoplastics up to $120^{\circ}C$ but phase separations occurred in the early stages of the curing process at higher temperatures than $120^{\circ}C$. According to the rheological measurement results, a rise of G' and G" at the onset of phase separation is seen. A rise of G' and G" is not observed for neat epoxy system since no phase separation is seen during cure reaction. At the onset of phase separation the rheological behavior was influenced by the amount of thermoplastics in the epoxy/thermoplastic blends, and the onset of phase separation can be detected by rheological measurements.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.143-149
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• 2004

Background: Some clinical trials have reported that a new analgesic combination of tramadol and acetaminophen provides good efficacy in various pain models. For the more clinical uses of this agent, comparisons about the onset of analgesia and analgesic efficacy in the acute state of pain with the other drugs known as strong analgesics were needed. Purpose: The goal of this study was to compare the times to onset of analgesia and the other analgesic efficacy of 75 mg tramadol/650 mg acetaminophen and 20 mg codeine/500 mg acetaminophen/400 mg ibuprofen in the treatment of acute pain after oral surgery. Patients and Methods: Using a randomized, single-dose, parallel-group, single-center, and active-controlled test design, this clinical study compared the times to onset of analgesia using a two-stopwatch technique and the other analgesic efficacy of the single-dose tramadol/acetaminophen and codeine/acetaminophen/ibuprofen. These were assessed in 128 healthy subjects with pain from oral surgical procedures involving extraction of one or more impacted third molars requiring bone removal. From the time of pain development, the times to onset of perceptible and meaningful pain relief, pain intensity, pain relief, an overall assessment, and adverse events of the study medications were recorded for 6 hours. Results: The demographic distribution and baseline pain data in the two groups were statistically similar. The median times to onset of perceptible pain relief were 21.0 and 24.4 minutes in the tramadol/acetaminophen and codeine/acetaminophen/ibuprofen groups respectively and those to onset of meaningful pain relief were 56.4 and 57.3 minutes, which were statistically similar. The other efficacy variables such as mean total pain relief (TOTPAR) and the sum of pain intensity differences (SPID) were also similar in the early period after pain development and drug dosing. The safety of tramadol/acetaminophen was well tolerated and very comparable to that of codeine/acetaminophen/ibuprofen. Conclusions: In this acute dental pain model, the onset of analgesia and analgesic efficacy of tramadol/acetaminophen was comparable to that of codeine/acetaminophen/ibuprofen. These results showed that tramadol/acetaminophen was recommendable for fast and effective treatment in the management of postoperative acute pain.