• School Mathematics
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.447-466
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• 2007

Math education in schools have to enable students to understand the importance of math and nurture the capacity to resolve various problems in daily life with reasoning, which is therefore, always applicable to the actual world. Proportional reasoning capacity is being often used in daily life, and some kind of unit is not fixed. So students are considering it very difficult. This study looks into the difficulties that students have in proportional reasoning, what kind of problem solving strategy is being used, what the problems are in current textbooks, etc. Based on this, it tried to check the concept changes in students' proportional reasoning by developing the instruction program for 'proportional expression' unit in the 6th grade. Based on the results, this study analyzes the features of proportional reasoning instruction programs and the instruction results. Also it analyzes in-advance & after examination papers of the experimental class and comparison class to contribute to the instruction method and instruction contents improvement of 'proportional expression' unit.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.374-384
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• 2014

Purpose: Health professionals and policy makers confront the failure of provider-administered, conventional behavioral interventions in the fight against obesity epidemic. The aim of this study was to develop a tailored, cost-effective delivery system for a child obesity prevention and management program through technology convergence using Web-enabled smart cellular phones. Methods: Assessment of service needs and development of a delivery system for the program were based on a comprehensive literature review and expert reviews, and results from in-depth interviews and a need-assessment survey. Results: The user- and site-centered service delivery system using Web-enabled cellular telephones as the hardware platform for obesity prevention and management has been developed. A tailored informational service and intervention will be provided interactively between stakeholders through the platform. The potential legal issues associated with the service design have also been considered. Conclusion: The user-centered convergence design and platform based on principles of Transtheoretical Model and Stages of Change using the Health Promoting School framework could enable effective intervention and promote acceptance in the long-run.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2012

Purpose: There is little known about teachers' self-efficacy in health teachers even though over 75% of Korean health teachers have offered school health education. The purpose of this study was to examine factors related to teachers' self-efficacy in Korean health teachers. Methods: Data were collected from school nurses from 474 schools such as 236 elementary schools, 140 middle schools and 98 high schools in Seoul with the stratified random sampling method. The associations among school characteristics, health teachers' characteristics, and teachers' self-efficacy were examined by ANOVA (Anlaysis of variable). To identify the possible predictors of teachers' self-efficacy, ANCOVA (Analysis of covariance) was performed. Results: Two factors, school stage (elementary, middle or high schools) and types of school (public or private school), were significantly related to teachers' self-efficacy. Teachers' self-efficacy of health teachers in elementary schools was significantly higher than that in middle and high schools. Health teachers in private school had significantly higher teaching self-efficacy than ones in public school. Conclusion: Given the fact that health teachers in elementary and private school had higher teachers' self-efficacy, an intervention to strengthen teachers' self-efficacy of health teachers in middle and high schools as well as ones in public school is required to help children and adolescents learn good health behaviors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.467-478
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• 1995

The school food service system has been an important national policy in Korea. To find out the reference data of the school food service system, we surveyed four primary schools, one middle school, and one food service center in Nara, Japan. The results are as follows; 1. The school food service was carried out in 99.4% of primary school children and in 82.5% of middle school students. 2. The central commissary school food service system was utilized at 49.0% of primary schools and 68.5% of middle schools. 3. The expense of the system is supported partially by the student's parents and partially by the government, of which the support rate was noticed by the law of school food service. 4. The dietary content of school food service was laid down by 'The rule of the operation basis of school food service'. The menu was chosen by the 7 kinds of stepwise meetings. 5. The teachers emphasized on the food etiquette, the appreciation to the food and the personal relationship during meal, as well as on the nutritional balance. 6. We found other problems in Japanese food service system, such as the sanitary problems, the problems of the new tableware, and whether the central kitchen had less advantage than the individual school kitchen. We can conclude that the school food service system is becoming the essential part in school education, and hope to design not only economical but also educational system in Korea, with the consideration of Japanese system.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.49-66
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• 2015

This study analyzes the effects of women's labour force participation and work-family reconciliation support on life-cycle fertility in Korea. The analysis is based on the longitudinal data from Korean Labour and Income Panel Study (KLIPS), which include the available information on life-cycle fertility and employment history. Employing a dynamic model of fertility, we estimated the life-cycle fertility of all the 15-49 years old women considered in this study by using a duration model. The major results of this study were as follows: First, women's labour force participation had a negative effect on the first birth, second birth, and all births (transition to births starting at different parities). Women's employment tended to lengthen the interval between births. Second, the availability of maternal leave had a positive effect on the first birth and all births for working women. Providing maternal leave to working women decreased the opportunity cost of childbearing and in turn, reduced the interbirth interval of women. However, the availability of parental leave had no significant effect on the births of working women. Third, the financial support for childcare had a positive effect on the first birth and all births. The economic support for childcare led to the reduction in the interbirth interval of women by increasing the probability of births. The use of a childcare center for the first child, which substitutes for the time that women needed to take care of their children, classified as time-intensive consumption goods, did not have any effect on the second birth. Fourth, the part-time employment of women had a positive effect on the second birth. A flexible working time schedule tended to decrease the interval between the first and the second births.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.221-231
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the toilet training status (TTS) of Korean toddlers and their mothers' level of knowledge of toilet training (TT) and to identify the relationship between toddlers' TTS and mothers' level of knowledge of TT. Method: The participants in this study were 315 12-29 month old infants and their mothers recruited from outpatient clinics of hospitals and day care centers. T-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to analyze the data. Results: TTS of Korean toddlers showed was more advanced compared with previous research samples except for independent hand washing after toileting and this improved with age. The mothers showed higher understanding of the importance of a positive experience and a different pace for each child in the appropriate period for toilet training but less appreciation of the readiness of child to initiate TT. There was a significant correlation between TTS and mothers' level of knowledge of TT. Conclusion: Using the above findings, health professionals who work with children and their families need to develop parent education programs on TT that will promote toddlers' physical and socio-emotional development.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.37-45
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• 2012

The case of South Korea's Internet newspapers, harmful advertising is illegal but rampant. The children and youth are not protected, so effective measures are urgently required. Therefore, to achieve self-regulation, a discrimination system model using collective intelligence and collective emotions is proposed. This study is to suggest a Discrimination System Model of harmful contents using collective intelligence and collective emotions as the actual program of self-regulation. The Discrimination System model forms the level of harmful contents by using contents, form, text, size as well as the implied and reminiscent story of image as discriminant factors of a group testing. The formed level is established for harmful contents discriminant criteria after going through the process of generalization again. It can be not clear and ambiguous for internet newspaper banner ads to be measure the level of harmfulness. This Discrimination System will have the strengths of resolving this problem.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.77-97
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine 1) the relations among parent-reported, teacher-reported, and task-observed effortful control, and 2) the differences of preschoolers' effortful control based on preschoolers' gender and parenting behaviors (affectionate, controlled). In this study, the subjects were 221 preschoolers (104 boys, 117 girls) and their parents. The preschoolers' effortful controls was measured by Effortful Control Battery (Snack Delay, Turtle and Rabbit, and Red-Green Sign) and the Children's Behavior Questionnaire-Short Form. Parenting behavior was measured by the Parenting Style scale. The major results of this study were as follows. First, there were positive correlations between parent-reported effortful control and both teacher-reported and task-observed effortful control. Second, there were significant differences in preschoolers' effortful control by gender and level of affectionate parenting behavior. And there was an interaction effect between gender and level of affectionate parenting behavior on preschoolers' effortful control. The implications of this study were as follows. It is needed to evaluate effortful control in various circumstances and by multiple raters, and affectionate parenting behavior had an important role upon boys' effortful control rather than that of girls.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.58-71
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of an unbalanced diet by elementary school students using a qualitative approach to nutrition counseling. To achieve the purpose of this study, client-centered counseling was performed over one semester with four volunteer children in the fifth grade who admitted eating an unbalanced diet. Their perceptions of an unbalanced diet were examined while focusing on cause. The contents of the counseling sessions were recorded and their eating habits observed. The proposed perceptions of the clients of an unbalanced diet were as follows: regarding the causes of an unbalanced diet, there may have been a certain negative event or memory related to food as well as an individual disease or history of disease; regarding the meaning of an unbalanced diet, the clients had two kinds of time concepts (formal one and informal one) and defined the meaning of an unbalanced diet as a matter of being able to eat proper amounts of food within an inter-meal time; and regarding the results of an unbalanced diet, they based their results on the approval of their parents and teachers. Feeding at school was used as the background of this study, which examined the meanings and results of an unbalanced diet, and there existed a correlation between the meanings and the results.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.51-59
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• 2005

The purpose of the present study is to seek measures to increase the quality of farmers lives by considering the results of a survey on the welfare demand for them when setting up policy. The results are as follows: First, though many concerns and policies to control the rural exodus have been exerted in terms of maintaining agricultural communities, which is one of critical components for the development of Korean agriculture and farming villages, the rural exodus became more and more serious. It is urgently required, therefore, for the Korean administration to correspond actively to the reasons why farmers depart their villages, such as bad prospects, low incomes or problems with their children's education. Second, as the number of females who take part in farming has increased, it is necessary to reform the rural educational environment. In addition, as the agricultural community develops, and other industries flow in, the greater the worries about crime, and consequently, it is necessary to equip a local safety system, share information on job opportunities, and provide educational opportunities. Third, since rural districts nay have financial difficulties because of old-aged and small-sized farmhouse, it is necessary to mainly support the welfare of the aged and lower-income farmers, considering the characteristics of each group and area. Fourth, over half of the farmers responded that they cannot bear to pay the national pension and health insurance premiums, and therefore it should be considered to reduce the pension and premium, or to readjust the insurance value appropriate to the level of the farmer's income. Fifth, despite a number of agricultural policies now in place, farmers desire a policy which can promise a prosperous vision for Korean agriculture and the facilities needed for education and health. It is necessary for the administration to set up policies that are characterized by locality with the view that farmers are not mere recipients, but participants in the policies.