• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.156-165
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• 2024

Sprout products, such as broccoli, alfalfa, and cabbage, have positive health effects. Thus far, sprout foods have attracted attention owing to their good bioavailability. In particular, young broccoli sprouts exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer effects. They contain 100 times more chemoprotective substances than adult broccoli. This study examined the anti-inflammatory effects of freeze-dried young sprout broccoli (FD-YB) in vitro using RAW264.7 macrophage cells. The FD-YB powder antioxidant ability test showed that the radical-scavenging activity and superoxide dismutase enzyme activity increased in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, FD-YB was not cytotoxic to RAW264.7 cells, and nitric oxide production decreased after the FD-YB treatment of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, FD-YB significantly decreased the expression of inflammation-related proteins (Cyclooxygenase-2, Inducible nitric oxide synthase, and Prostaglandin E Synthase 2) and cytokines (Tumor necrosis factor-α and Interleukin-6). In conclusion, FD-YB can be a potential nutraceutical for preventing and regulating excessive immune responses during inflammation.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.189-198
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• 2023

Background: Brassica oleracea var. italica (broccoli), a rich source of antioxidants, can prevent various diseases and improve human health. In this study, we investigated the antioxidative effects of broccoli sprout extract on oxidative stress induced by lipopolysaccharide and cisplatin in cell and organ tissue models. Methods: Antioxidative effect of BSE was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS in RAW 364.7 cells, and effects of BSE on testes were investigated using Cisplatin-induced testicular damage model with an in vitro organ culture system. Results: The DPPH assay showed that the antioxidant activity of the alcoholic broccoli sprout extract was higher than that of the water extract. Additionally, the expression levels of antioxidation-related genes, Nrf2, Gsr, HO-1, and catalase, were significantly increased in broccoli sprout extract-treated RAW 264.7 cells, and the extract suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Based on the results in the RAW 264.7 cell culture, the antioxidative effects of the extracts were investigated in a mouse testis fragment culture. The expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and Ddx4 was clearly decreased in cisplatin-treated mouse testis fragments and not in both broccoli sprout extract- and cisplatin-treated mouse testis fragments. In addition, the oxidative marker O-HdG was strongly detected in cisplatin-treated mouse testis fragments, and these signals were reduced by broccoli sprout extract treatment. Conclusions: The results of this study show that broccoli sprout extracts could serve as potential nutraceutical agents as they possess antioxidant effects in the testes.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.81-86
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• 2012

In this study, the antioxidative effect and protective potential against oxidative damage of extract and fractions from broccoli were investigated under in vitro and cellular system. The methanol (MeOH) extracts of broccoli flowers and sprouts were partitioned as dichloromethane, n-butanol (BuOH) and aqueous fractions. The comparison of antioxidative effect of broccoli flowers and sprouts showed that broccoli sprouts exerted the more effective protective activity from 2,2'-azobis (2-aminopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced oxidative stress in LLC-$PK_1$ porcine renal epithelial cell. In addition, the extract and fractions from broccoli sprouts showed strong scavenging effect of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical and the BuOH fraction exerted the strongest activity. Therefore, the BuOH fraction was evaluated as the most active fraction with strong radical scavenging activity among the fractions of broccoli flowers and sprouts. The present study suggests the antioxidative potential against free radical-induced oxidative damage of flowers and sprouts of broccoli. In addition, the BuOH fraction of broccoli is considered as the active fraction with antioxidative effect.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.207-213
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• 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant contents and activities of twelve vegetable sprouts (broccoli, red radish, radish, mizuna, kale, taatsai, pak choi, Chinese cabbage, turnip, rapeseed, chicory, and alfalfa). The total flavonoid contents of the broccoli, red radish, and radish sprout were $25.36{\pm}0.13$, $25.26{\pm}1.80$, and $25.16{\pm}1.25mg$ CE/100 g FW, respectively, and were significantly higher than those of the other tested vegetables. Radish sprouts had the highest total phenolic content (112.42 mg GAE/100 g FW), followed by red radish and broccoli sprouts. The main polyphenols in the vegetable sprouts were epicatechin and chlorogenic acid, but they varied across sprout varieties. The correlation between total flavonoids and total phenolics for the 12 vegetable sprouts was very high (r=0.926). The total antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities) was also highly correlated with total flavonoids and total phenolics.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.12a
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• pp.78-78
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• 2020

Cruciferous plants such as broccoli and radish contain glucosinolate, which is a bioactive precursor that is most often used in Korean foods and is unique as a food ingredient. In addition, it contains various other phytochemicals and is promising as a health-oriented food material. In particular, Sulforaphane is a hydrolyzate of the glucosinolate, which has a more beneficial effect on the human body. Glucosinolate may be hydrolyzed by enzymes called myrosinase, which is voluntarily possessed by cruciferous plants. However, the ESP(Epithiospecifier protein) in broccoli sprouts could acts competitively with myrosinase, and convert to the less bioactive sulforaphane nitrile form. Therefore, we improved the yielding of sulforaphane in broccoli sprouts with a new method. We induce inactivation of the ESP protein by heat treatment. At this time, a myrosinase was introduced from the radish sprout because myrosinase in broccoli sprouts is also denatured by heat treatment. According to the results, we have confirmed by GC / MS that formation of sulforaphane increases more than 7 fold using set heating and mixing conditions.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.587-592
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• 2014

Brassica spp. vegetables have been known to have biological activities such as anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we investigated the in vitro physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activities of commonly used Brassica spp. sprout vegetables such as kohlabi (Brassica oleracea var. gongyloides), red radish (Raphanussativus L. var. sativus), broccoli (B. oleracea var. italica), cabbage (B. rapavar. glabra Regel), rape (B. napus), radish (R. sativus), and tatsoi (B. campestris var. narinosa) sprouts. Our results showed that the vegetables with the highest total phenolics contents were the radish sprout ($24.40{\pm}1.24mg\;TAE/g$) and kohlabi sprout extracts ($23.97{\pm}0.46mg\;TAE/g$). Furthermore, the vegetable with the highest total flavonoid content was the radish sprout extract ($15.30{\pm}1.35mg\;CE/g$). However, the kohlabi sprout extract showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging value ($IC_{50}=1.95mg/mL$) and ORAC value (79.03 mM TE/g). In addition,the six kinds of Brassica spp. sprout vegetable extracts, except tatsoi, significantly inhibited the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and showed that intracellular oxidative stress is closely related tothe accumulation of differentiated adipocytes and fat during the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. These results suggest that Brassica spp. sprout vegetables, especially kohlabi and radish sprout extracts, can be used to develop natural antioxidants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.965-974
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the effects of vegetable sprout powder on serum and adipose tissue lipid metabolism in rats fed high-fat diet for 4 weeks for induction hyperlipidemic model rat. Weight-matched male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to five groups according to dietary fat level (10% or 20% of diet wt.) and mixture of vegetable sprout powder levels (5% or 10% 10% or 20% of diet wt.). Vegetable sprout powder was the mixture of same amounts of dried barley, broccoli, rapeseed, alfalfa, radish, mustard, buckwheat and brussels sprouts. Experimental groups were normal fat diet with 5% cellulose (NF-C), high fat diet without fiber (HF-N), high fat diet with 5% cellulose (HF-C), HF-C diet with 5% vegetable sprout powder (HF-CSL), and HF-C diet with 10% vegetable sprout powder (HF-CSH). The body weight of HF-N group increased 16% compared with the NF-C group, while it was decreased by 15% and 22% for HF-CSL group and HF-CSH group, respectively. Fat mass and fat cell size of adipose tissue were lower in HF-CSL group and HF-CSH group compared with HF-C group, and lower in HF-CSH group compared with HF-CSL group. Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol contents were markedly decreased by vegetable sprout powder containing diet, while the serum HDL-cholesterol and phospholipid contents were higher in vegetable sprout powder containing diet in a dose-dependent manner. Leptin and insulin levels in serum showed a decrease in HF-CSH group. Significantly increased contents of triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, leptin and insulin in the serum of HF-N group were returned to normal or even below normal levels by feeding 10% vegetable sprout powder diet. The increased activities of NADP-malate dehydrogenase (ME), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in adiposetissue by HF-N group were decreased to the activity of normal fat group by feeding vegetable sprout powder in a dose-dependant manner. These results indicate that lipid metabolism in rats fed high-fat diet was suppressed by feeding vegetable sprout powder.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 1995

The antimutagenic effects of insoluble dietary fibers(IDF) extracted from some green-yellow vegetables(kale, carrot, spinach, broccoli and soybean sprout) and soybean by binding the carcinogens of MeIQ (2-amino-3,4- dimethyl-imidazo(4,5-f) quinoline) and Trp-P-2(3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b] indole) in Salmonella tylhimirium TA100 and TA98 were studied. All of the insoluble dietary fiber samples which binded MeIQ exhibited high antimutagenic effects by removing the mutagen. Among the samples, IDFs from kale and soybean showed strong binding capacity fo the carcinogen and revealed about 90% of the antimutagenic activity. the IDF samples showed somewhat lower binding capacity to the Trp-p-2. The lignin which extracted from kale, soybean and carrot, and the cellulose strongly removed the mutagenicity of MeIQ by the binding. Among the samples, the level of lignin in kale revealed the highest(about 10%), and it seemed that the higher content of lignin in kale is one of the reasons to increase its antimutagenic effect.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.11
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• pp.1658-1664
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• 2014

Sprout vegetables containing various types of polyphenols and flavonoids, are known to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cholesterol-lowering, and anti-obesity activities. However, there have been few reports on the anti-diabetic efficacy of sprout vegetables. Here, we investigated the anti-diabetic effects of sprout extract obtained from buckwheat, beet, rape, broccoli, kohlrabi, red young radish, and dachai, in high fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type II diabetes mellitus mice. The mice were fed a HFD (60% calories as fat) for 8 weeks prior to intraperitoneal injection with STZ (75 mg/kg). The diabetic mice were divided into four groups: standard diet (STD, 10% calories fat), HFD, HFD with sprout extract (SPE) and HFD with metformin (MET). After 4 weeks, body weight gain was much lower in both SPE and MET groups than in HFD group. In contrast, there was no difference experiment groups regarding food intake ratio. The level of fasting blood glucose was significantly lower in the SPE and MET groups compared to the HFD group. Oral glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance in the SPE and MET groups were significantly ameliorated in comparison to the HFD group. The concentrations of serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol in the SPE and MET groups were remarkably reduced in comparison to the HFD group, and HDL cholesterol concentration was higher in the SPE and MET groups than in the HFD group. Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase levels were between SPE and HFD groups. The serum insulin and leptin concentrations were significantly reduced in both the SPE and MET groups compared to the HFD group. Therefore, these results indicate that sprout extract could improve insulin resistance and attenuate blood glucose level in HFD/STZ-induced type II diabetes mellitus mice. We conclude that this study may provide positive insights into sprout extract as a functional food ingredient for treatment of type II diabetes mellitus.