• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.309-320
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• 1995

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of calcium levels(50, 100 and 200% of requirement) on metabolism of Ca, Na and K in Young and adult female rats for 3 weeks. There was no significant difference in feed intake, body weight gain and feed efficiency ratio among the groups of different Ca intake level. Serum Na level of high-Ca group was significantly lower than that of low-Ca or normal-Ca group in Young rats. There was no significant difference in liver Ca and K contents among the groups of different Ca intake levels. But, Na content in liver was decreased by the increase of dietary Ca intake. Ca content in kidney of high-Ca group in young rats and normal-Ca group in adult rats were significantly higher than those of other groups. Na content in kidney of low-Ca group was lower than those of normal-Ca and high-Ca groups. Urinary excretions of Na and K and fecal excretion of Ca were increased by the increase of dietary Ca intake. But, fecal excretions of Na and K were not affected by dietary Ca intake. According to this study, it was found that the high Ca consumption promotes excretions of fecal Ca and urinary Na and K in rats. The study verifies the need for more study on the interrelationship among Ca, Na and K metabolism and bood pressure.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 1980

Inclined plane, one of frequently used orthodontic appliances, may cause posterior displacement of mandible and injure the normal growth of temporomandibular joint. So author carried out the mandibular posterior displacement experimentally induced by inserting inclined plane in the rat incisors in order to investigate the histological reactions occuring in the temporomandibular joint of experimental animals. Following results were obtained. 1. The posterior displacement of condyle resulted in the widening of anterior synovial space with anterior condylar hyperplasia and posterior condylar atrophy. In addition, tissue changes were more severe in young rats than in adult rats. 2. The tissue reactions were localized only to condylar head ana there were no evidence of traumatic features in young rats. In adult rats, hemorrhage was an additional finding 1 week after experiment. 3. The remodelling processes were accompanied by the increasing or reduction of fibrous layer and subsequent replacement by cartilage layer occured massively and abruptly in young rats, it occured slightly and slowly in adult rats. 4. The remodelling process of injured condyle occured from 1 week to 4 weeks after experiment and completed between 8 weeks after experiment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 1994

This study was designed to investigate the effects of dietary protein and caffeine consumption levels on Ca, P, Na and K metabolism. One hundred twenty rats were divided into twelve groups according to age, protein level and caffeine consumption such as group(120-130g young rat, 250-300g adult rat) , dietary protein group (20% normal protein , 85 low protein) , caffeine consumption group(0, 3.5mg, 7.0mg). Low protein diet containing high caffeine levels caffeine levels increased calcium, phosphorus, sodium and potassium contents of urine and fecal in rats. Young rat has higher level of calcium, phosphorus , sodium and potassium than adult rat. In the serum, calcium contents were not affected by age, dietary protein levels and caffeine consumption . However, phosphorus, sodium and potassium contents of serum in adult rat were higher than young rat. In the liver, potassium decreased with decreasing dietary protein levels. In the kidney, calcium , phosphorus and potassium contents were not different by age group, dietary protein levels and caffeine consumption , but sodium content was significantly reduced in the adult rat.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.321-326
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• 1993

Sixty eight wild rats were caught from Seoul, Kyonggi, Kangwon, Cholla, and Kyongsang provinces in Korea. All of them were confirmed in the same species, Rattus norvigicus. All of sera from wild rats were examined by indirect immunofluorescent test against Hantaan-related virus. Detection of anti-body to Hantaan-related virus were 4 out of 68 rats(5.9%), including 2 of 8(25.0%) rats in Kangwon and 2 of 20 rats(10.0%) in Kyongsang province. No difference of the sero-positive rates between sex of rats tested to Hantaan-related virus was recognized. According to age, four rats with antibodies(1:320~640) to Hantaan-related virus belonged one subadult, one young adult, one middle aged adult, and one old adult, respectively.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 1994

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of caffeine level on food intake and weight gain in 120 Sprague-Dawley rats of different ages and sexes for 3 weeks. The results were as following : the food intake of caffeine group was significantly lower than that of caffeine free group in young and adult rata(p<0.05). The bo여 weight gain, body weight gain efficiency ratio and food efficiency ration of rats were not significantly different between two groups. The results showed that body weight gain was not affected by increased caffeine level in young and adult rats.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 2000

Multisystem organ failure resulting from gram negative bacterial sepsis is associated with high morbidity and mortality in surgical neonates. There are differences in the clinical characteristics of organ failure in neonates and adults. The purpose of this study is to identify the differences and determine the order of organ failure between baby rats and adult rats after induction of gram negative sepsis. Fifty baby rats less than 30-day-old and another 50 adult rats more than 2-month-old were divided into control group (G1) and experimental group (G2). The G1 consisted of 10 baby- and 10 adult-rats, and the G2 consisted of 40 babies and 40 adults. E. coli ($10^8/mL$ per 100g of body weight) were injected into the peritoneal cavity in G2 and same amount of saline was injected in G 1. Blood samples were obtained before injection, 24 hour, 48 hour, 72 hour and after death. WEC, platelet, $PaO_2$, $PaCO_2$, total bilirubin, BUN, creatinine, albumin and abdominal wall thickness were measured to evaluate the sequence of organ failure. The mortality was 55.0 % in G2-babies and 32.5 % in G2-adults. In baby rats, microvascular, hematologic and renal failure appeared within 24 hours after injection and pulmonary failure followed. Pulmonary, renal and liver failure developed within 24-48 hours in adult rats; however, microvascular failure did not appear until they were moribund. Thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, increased BUN and generalized edema was the earlist sign of sepsis in baby rats.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.47-64
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• 1987

Morphological difference of the renal glomerulus at different age groups have been studied in young (three month-old), adult (twelve month-old) and old (thirty month-old) Fisher strain 344 rats. Pieces of the tissues were taken from renal corticies prefixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde-1.5% paraformaldehyde (0.1 M Millonig's phosphate buffer, pH 7.3), following by post-fixation with 1% osmium tetroxide (0.1 M Millonig's phosphate buffer, pH 7.3) and embedded within Araldite. The ultrathin sections contrasted with uranyl acetate and lead citrate were observed under a JEM 100CX electron microscope. The mean thickness of glomerular basal lamina and Bowman's capsule were determined by measuring the thinnest portion of basal lamina, and by taking the average of 50 readings from electron micrographs at different ages. The numerical changes of the slit pores were compared based upon the numbers over the length of 10um of glomerular basal lamina. The results were as follow: 1. The thickness of glomerular basal lamina is increased during aging; 140.4 nm in young rats, 270.0 nm in adult ones, and 437.8 nm in old ones. 2. The thickness of basal lamina of parietal cells of Bowman's capsule is 187.5 nm in young rats, 914.0 nm in adult ones, and 2850.0 nm in old ones. 3. The numbers of the slit pores of basal lamina are reduced during aging, 30.3 slit pores/$10{\mu}m$ in adult ones, and 24.2 slit pores/$10{\mu}m$ in old ones. 4. Accumulation of dense intracytoplasmic filamentous material in the parietal cells of Bowman's capsule is increased in the vicinity of the basal lamina during aging. The proximal tubule-like epithelial cell in Bowman's capsule is observed at one glomerulus in a young rat. 5. The endothelial cells are edematous and form balloon-like structure protruding into capillary lumen in young and old rats. 6. Cytoplasm of the podocyte shows a variety of alteration during aging, such as swelling of mitochondria and of endoplasmic reticulum, and increase of microtubules, microfilaments, lysosomes and lamellated myelin structures, etc. Accumulation of dense intracytoplasmic material in the foot processes is increased in the vicinity of the basal lamina during aging. The podocytic membrane-like structures are seen in young and o]d rats. 7. The mesangial matrices and mesangial cells are increased during aging, and slight swelling of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi cisternae in young and old rats.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.283-287
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• 2006

Although estrogen is known to playa role in fatty acid metabolism, it remains unclear whether fatty acid oxidation in mature female rats differs from fatty acid oxidation in peri-pubertal young rats. In this study, we measured fatty acid metabolism in the skeletal muscles and livers of 5 and 50 weeks old male and female rats. The rate of palmitate oxidation in the liver and gastrocnemius red in the 50-week-old female rats were elevated as compared to the 5-week-old females, whereas there were no differences in the male rats. The rate of palmitate oxidation in the gastrocnemius red was correlated inversely with intra-abdominal fat mass in the 5-week-old male and female rats, whereas the palmitate oxidation rate was positively correlated with fat mass in the liver and gastrocnemius red in the 50-week-old rats. HOMA-IR and plasma insulin levels were positively correlated with intra-abdominal fat mass in the pooled 50-week-old male and female rats, but this correlation was not apparent in 5-week-old rats. In summary, the rate of fatty acid oxidation measured in the middle-aged adult female rats was significantly higher than those measured in the peri-pubertal young female rats. This difference may be attributed to the influence of ovarian hormones.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 1985

The effect of feeding Sequency on the growth and composition of individual organs in young and adult rae were investigated Young and adult male rats were received 20% casein diet by one-meal, three-meals per day or ad libitum for 24 days The rats were tilled and analyzed with regard to the composition of individual organs DNA, RNA, Protein lipid and water content of the liver, kidney, speen were determined In both young and adult rats, the body weight gain of the three- meal group was similar to that of ad -lib. group, but the body weight gain and food intake of the one - meal group were lower than those of others. In case of young rats, DNA, RNA and protein content of liver, kidney and spleen was less in one- meal group than in ad-lib group : their compositions per DNA were, however, similar in both instances In case of adult rats, the weight of liver increased significantly and their composition per DNA except lipid increased in one - meal group, but the total DNA content in the liver did not show any significant difference. The size of stomach and intestine tend to increase in meal -feeding group, but the serum cholesterol showed no significant change.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.911-919
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• 1997

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of caffeine levels on calcium utilization in rats of different age and sex. Calcium utilization was compared in rats of different age(4 weeks and 10 months) and sex that were fed various levels of caffeine (0, 3.5, and 7mg/100g body weight) for 3 weeks. There was no significant difference in feed intake, serum calcium level, and ash content in tibia among the groups. Fecal calcium excretion was lower in young rats than in adults, Urinary calcium excretion significantly higher in the caffeine groups than that in the no-caffeine group. Daily retention and apparent absorbability of calcium in young rats were higher than those in adult rats. However, there was no significant difference among groups of different sex and caffeine levels. The results of this study suggest that caffeine consumption promotes urinary calcium excretion.