• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.577-584
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine how the term Yin-Yang and Sasang categorized in the book "Huangdineijing". In order to investigate how the terms are used, we reviewed the text including the terms expressed in the manner of [(Yin/Yang) within (Yin/Yang)] and [Sasang]. We found three forms of expressions; [(Yin/Yang) within (Yin/Yang)], [Sasang], [(Sasang) within (Yin/Yang)]. Two paragraphs of [(Yin/Yang) within (Yin/Yang)] was found in one chapter, two paragraphs of [(Sasang)] was found in two chapters, and three paragraphs of [(Sasang) within (Yin/Yang)] was found in three chapters. We found five types of relation between [(Yin/Yang) within (Yin/Yang)], [Sasang], and five phases in "Huangdi neijing" as follows; (1) Yang within Yin, lesser Yang, and wood (2) Yang within Yang, greater Yang, and fire (3) ( ), ( ), and extreme Yin (4) Yin within Yang, lesser Yin, and metal, and (5) Yin within Yin, greater Yin, and water. And, as for the [(Yin/Yang) within (Yin/Yang)] and [(Sasang) within (Yin/Yang)], the classification criteria for Yin-Yang were brightness, abdomen/back or lumbar. The order of Sasang with the description form of [Sasang] or [(Sasang) within (Yin/Yang)] in "Siqi Tiaoshen Dalun" and "Liu Jie ZangXiang Theory" was lesser Yang, greater Yang, greater Yin, and lesser Yin, which is based on the meridian system or a plant-shaped change order. We discussed the results and its implication for the analysis of medical classics with the consideration of previous studies on Yin-Yang theories in "Huangdi neijing".

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.9-24
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• 2013

Objectives : I would find out the interpretation of cong Yin yin Yang(從陰引陽) cong Yang yin Yin(從陽引陰) in Su Wen(素問) Yin Yang Yin Xiang Da Lun(陰陽應象大論) and its clinical meanings. Methods : I had searched the opinions of annotators about this paragraph and compared treatment principles that TCM clinicians, such as Li Dong-yuan(李東垣), Zhang Jie-bin (張介賓), Yu Jia-yan(喩嘉言) developed. Results : This paragraph is related to treatment principles of the paragraph Yang bing zhi Yin(陽病治陰) Yin bing zhi Yang. Li Dong-yuan applied it to treatment principle of internal injuries(內傷病), Zhang Jie-bin extended its clinical meanings to the opposite treatment principles(反治) such as gu han wu xie(求汗於血) sheng Qi wu Jing(生氣於精), yin huo gui yuan(引火歸源) and na Qi gui shen(納氣歸腎), Yu Jia-yan used it as treatment principle of tuo zheng(脫症). Conclusion : This paragraph can mean several messages and be applied to several treatment principles.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.563-569
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• 2013

This study was undertaken to apply the yin-yang theory in action potential. In order to apply the yin-yang theory in action potential, nature of yin and yang, interrelation of yin and yang and action potential in cell were reviewed. According to the yin-yang theory, inner cellular space corresponds to yin, but outer cellular space corresponds to yang. If we classify ions in intracellular fluid or extracellular fluid by nature of yin and yang, potassium(K+) corresponds to yang within yin(陰中之陽), protein(Pr-) corresponds to yin within yin(陰中之陰) in intracellular fluid, and sodium(Na+) corresponds to yang within yang(陽中之陽), chloride(Cl-) corresponds to yin within yang(陽中之陰) in extracellular fluid. Double donnan equilibrium and equilibrium potential were caused by intracellular anion(Pr-) and extracellular cation(Na+) are related with mutual rooting of yin and yang(陰陽互根) and opposition of yin and yang(陰陽對立). The influx and efflux of ion through cell membrane means waxing and waning of yin and yang(陰陽消長), the change of membrane potential means yin-yang conversion(陰陽轉化) during action potential.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.207-223
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• 2021

Objectives : This paper studied the different disease sites according to Yin and Yang deviation and the principal to applying the Five Shu Points acupuncture method to these sites of the Yin-Yang needling method as explained in the Shouyaogangrou chapter of the Lingshu. Methods : Of the seasonal needling method in the Neijing, the principle to managing the Five Shu Points and indications of each point were examined. Next, clinical applications of the Five Shu Points were analyzed. Descriptions of clinical expression were collected and examined to understand the underlying pattern. Results : If we connect the disease sites of the Yin-Yang needling method to the Five Shu Points needling method according to the seasonal changes, the Yang of Yin connects to Spring, Yin of Yang to Summer, Yang of Yang to Autumn, and Yin of Yin to Winter. Of the needling site, the collateral vessel is the collateral vessel of Spring, 'Meridian of Yin' is the meridian of the Yin domain or the meridian points of the Yin meridian. 'He of Yang' is the He point of the Yang meridian, and the Yin Xing and Shu are the Xing and Shu points of the Yin meridian. Upon examining cases in the Neijing where the Five Shu Points were applied, it could be found that the Xing and Shu points of the Yin meridian were used together, while the He point of the Yang meridian was used to eliminate Yang pathogen or to stimulate Yang qi, which matches the Yin-Yang needling method of the Shouyaogangrou chapter of the Lingshu. Conclusions : The Yin and Yang of the needling sites from the Yin-Yang needling method in the Shouyaogangrou chapter of the Lingshu refers to the Yin and Yang meridians, or the Yin and Yang domains. In the context of disease site description, the former Yin and Yang describes a spatial aspect, while the latter Yin and Yang refers to the vicissitudes of qi according to temporal change.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.73-85
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• 2013

Objectives : I would find out the exact interpretation and meaning of 'Yin sheng ze Yang bing Yang sheng ze Yin bing' in "Su Wen(素問) Yin Yang Yin Xiang Da Lun(陰陽應象大論)". Methods : I had searched the opinions of annotators about this paragraph and compared treatment principles that clinicians, such as Son Samak(孫思邈), Lee Cheon developed. Results : This paragraph is related to theory of the paragraph 'chong han ze re(重寒則熱), chong re ze han(重熱則寒)'. Yin and Yang in Yin sheng and Yang sheng mean the chill and heat of herb, food or symptoms, Yin and Yang in Yang bing and Yin bing mean outer and inner portion in body. Conclusions : The meaning of this paragraph moved from the aspect of recuperation to the aspect of disease-related change.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1347-1355
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• 2003

The adapted scope of the Opening-covering-axis of Three-yin-three-yang can summary two parts. the first, former treatise of Gyeng-Lak emphasized the line structure by point and line but now we can understand expansible structure as not only line but also space of structure by the space structure of six-meeting. So the application of Gyeng-Lak can be various by extensive analysis of the Hand-three-yin-three-yang in Sky(Yang) including the Foot-three-yin-three-yang in Ground (Vin), even if the original text has limited examples. The second, former additional explanations of Hwangjenegyeng Sanghanlon by doctors can be profoundly analysis about the pathology and cure process of Three-yin-three-yang of human body. It has base on the metaphorically symbolized theory of Three-yin-three-yang. This is the Saeng-jang-shu-chang of So-yin, Tae-yang, Yang-myeng, So-yang. Tae-yin, Guel-yin in order. Also the circulation of Opening-covering-axis of Three-yin-three-yang has order in Tae-yang (Opening), Yang-myeng (Covering), So-yang (Axis), Tae-yin (Opening), Guel-yin (Covering), So-yin(Axis).

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2014

Objectives This research was proposed to present Clinical Practice Guideline(CPG) for Soeumin Disease of Sasang Constitutional Medicine(SCM): Greater Yin Symptomatology. This CPG was developed by the national-wide experts committee consisting of SCM professors. Methods First, it was performed that search and collection of literature related SCM such as "Dongeuisusebowon", Textbook of SCM, Clinical Guidebook of SCM and Fundamental research to standardize diagnosis of Sasang Constitutional Medicine. And journal search related clinical trial or Human complementary medicine of SCM was performed domestic and overseas. Finally, 1 article was selected and included in CPG for Greater Yin Symptomatology of Stomach Cold-based Interior Cold disease in Soeumin disease. Results & Conclusions CPG of Greater Yin symptomatology in Soeumin Disease include classification, definition and standard symptoms of each pattern. Greater Yin symptomatology is classified into mild and moderate pattern by severity. Greater Yin Symptomatology Mild pattern is classified into Greater Yin Symptomatology accompanied abdominal pain and bowel irritability and Greater Yin pattern accompanied Epigastric stuffiness and fullness. And Greater Yin Symptomatology moderate pattern is classified into Greater Yin pattern accompanied Jaundice, Greater Yin pattern accompanied Edema and Greater Yin pattern by Yin toxin.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.289-298
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• 2013

The purposes of this article are understanding the meaning of yin deficiency interpreted with a perspective of Traditional Korean Medicine and a modern perspective a study and assigning modern diseases to yin deficiency pattern types. Clinical papers were searched in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) from 1995 to 2013. Results are as follows. First, yin deficiency written in the "Neijing" has been understood in many ways. It is translated such as deficiency of yin qi, inner qi, essence, cubit pulse, yin meridians qi, viscera yin and kidney. Second, yin deficiency pattern are related with disorders of the endocrine system, immunity, energy metabolism, blood circulation, cytokine, microelements, lipid metabolism and capability of getting rid of oxygen free radicals. Third, from pattern types, diverse diseases classified in types involving the heat from yin deficiency, which reflects pathologic conditions of deficiency heat which is distinct characteristics of yin deficiency pattern. Various diseases classified in types related with liver or kidney are reported, which reflects two viscera are more related with yin deficiency than other viscera. Fourth, levels of pattern types surveyed are more specific than Korean Standard Classification of Diseases(KCD) and specific enough to be applied clinically. This article surveyed the categories of modern diseases yin deficiency pattern types is assigned to but the detailed relation between them will be necessary to be studied in the future.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.465-477
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• 2014

In Korean Medicine (KM), the Yin-Yang doctrine is still used as a theoretical tool for understanding and explaining the clinical experiences. However, as the traditional culture declined in East Asia and the scientific culture took over, there was an increased negative view on the Yin-Yang doctrine, and thus a heightened distrust over KM. For KM to survive in an unfamiliar culture of science, a novel outlook on the Yin-Yang doctrine is needed. In this sense, I consider a thoroughly medical take on the Yin-Yang doctrine to be most important. The focus needs to be on the goals of medicine: this includes riddance of any discourses on Yin-Yang that cannot contribute to the goals, and an enhancement of the Yin-Yang concept as a rational and scientific terminology. One way to achieve this is by understanding Yin-Yang as a type of metaphor. The Yin-Yang doctrine that is utilized in KM corresponds well to the conceptual metaphor suggested by Lakoff and Johnson. As a metaphor, the Yin-Yang concept plays a role in structuring the target domain, that is life phenomena, metaphorically. Through the Yin-Yang metaphors, the life phenomena are understood as the Yin-Yang phenomena, and are systematically organized by the subcategories contained in the Yin-Yang doctrine. Understanding Yin-Yang as a metaphor is a good way to enhance the Yin-Yang concept and doctrine as a rational terminology and method.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2014

Objectives This research was performed to establish the clinical practice guideline(CPG) for Lesser Yin Symptomatology of Soeumin disease. Methods Dongeui suse bowon(sinchuk edition), textbook for Sasang constitutional medicine, Clinical guidebook for Sasang constitutional medicine, and standardization reports on Sasang constitutional medicine and papers concerning symptomatology of Soeumin Disease, especially Lesser Yin Symptomatology was collected and classified. Additionally experts' conference was held to make agreement on the conflicting issues on a regular basis. Results & Conclusions There was no concerning paper on Lesser Yin Symptomatology. Experts' agreement was needed to establish the CPG. Lesser Yin pattern can be classified into 2 groups; Lesser Yin severe pattern and Lesser Yin critical pattern. There are Lesser Yin pattern accompanied abdominal pain and bowel irritability pattern and Lesser Yin pattern accompanied green tinged watery diarrhea pattern in Lesser Yin severe pattern. There are Visceral syncope pattern and Exuberant yin repelling yang pattern in Lesser Yin critical pattern. Lesser Yin symptomatology has several symptoms like abdominal pain and diarrhea, thirst, oral discomfort, chest discomfort, whole body pain, articular pain and coldness of hands and feet. Additionally there are abdominal pain and diarrhea in Lesser Yin symptomatology accompanied abdominal pain and bowel irritability pattern, there is green tinged watery diarrhea in Lesser Yin pattern accompanied green tinged watery diarrhea pattern and if this symptoms exacerbate, delirious speech and constipation can occur. There are restlessness and coldness on hands and feet in Visceral syncope pattern and severe restlessness and coldness on hands and feet and symptom which the patient cannot drink water in Exuberant yin repelling yang.