• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.1250-1257
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• 2020

The early detection of diseases is important in agriculture because diseases are major threats of reducing crop yield for farmers. The shape and color of plant leaf are changed differently according to the disease. So we can detect and estimate the disease by inspecting the visual feature in leaf. This study presents a vision-based leaf classification method for detecting the diseases of tomato crop. ResNet-50 model was used to extract the visual feature in leaf and classify the disease of tomato crop, since the model showed the higher accuracy than the other ResNet models with different depths. We propose a new ensemble approach using several DCNN classifiers that have the same structure but have been trained at different ranges in the DCNN layers. Experimental result achieved accuracy of 97.19% for PlantVillage dataset. It validates that the proposed method effectively classify the disease of tomato crop.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.135-142
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• 2024

Cu-Cu bonding, one of the key technologies in advanced packaging, enhances semiconductor chip performance, miniaturization, and energy efficiency by facilitating rapid data transfer and low power consumption. However, the quality of the interface bonding can significantly impact overall bond quality, necessitating strategies to quickly detect and classify in-process defects. This study presents a methodology for detecting defects in wafer junction areas from Scanning Acoustic Microscopy images using a ResNet-50 based deep learning model. Additionally, the use of the defect map is proposed to rapidly inspect and categorize defects occurring during the Cu-Cu bonding process, thereby improving yield and productivity in semiconductor manufacturing.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.376-385
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• 2008

Twenty lactating crossbred cows yielding 10 to 15 litres of milk daily during mid lactation were selected and divided into four groups of five animals to assess the effect of feeding calcium soaps of palm oil fatty acids (bypass fat) on milk yield, milk composition and nutrient utilization in lactating crossbred cows. The animals in groups 1 (control), 2, 3 and 4 were fed concentrate mixture containing 0 (no bypass fat), 2, 4 and 6% bypass fat, respectively. The average daily dry matter consumption in the various groups ranged from 13.1 to 13.6 kg and showed no significant difference among treatment groups. There was no significant difference among different groups in digestibility of DM, OM, CP and CF, however, ether extract digestibility in cows of groups 2 and 4 was significantly (p<0.05) higher than the control group. The average milk yields of the cows in group 3 (4% bypass fat) showed a significantly (p<0.05) higher value than cows of groups 1 and 2. Similarly, a significant (p<0.05) increase in fat yield, 4% FCM yield and SNF yield was observed for the cows in group 3 (4% bypass fat). The milk composition in terms of total solids, fat, lactose, protein, solids-not-fat and ash percentage showed a varying response and bypass fat feeding did not have any effect on milk composition of cows in different groups. The gross and net energetic efficiency of milk production ranged from 23.6 to 27.5% and 37.1 to 44.4%, respectively, and showed no significant difference among different treatment groups. The gross and net efficiency of nitrogen utilization for milk production ranged from 24.0 to 28.7% and 37.2 to 43.5%, respectively, and no significant difference was noted among different treatment groups. The supplementation with calcium salts of palm oil fatty acid reduced the proportion of caproic, caprylic and capric acids and significantly (p<0.01) increased the concentration of palmitic, oleic, stearic, linoleic and linolenic acids in milk fat with increase in level of bypass fat supplementation. It was concluded that incorporation of calcium salts of palm oil fatty acids at a 4% level in the concentrate mixture of lactating crossbred cows improved the milk production and milk quality in terms of polyunsaturated fatty acids without affecting the digestibility of nutrients.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.270-279
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• 2017

최적의 재배관리나 식량생산 관력 정책 수립의 위해 지역적인 작물 생산성 모의 정보들이 사용 될 수 있다. 국내 주요 작물인 벼의 생산성 예측을 위해 ORYZA2000 모델이 널리 사용되어 왔지만, 지역 규모에서 생산성을 예측하기 위한 격자별 작물 모델 구동 체계는 보고되어 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 격자형식의 입력자료를 사용하여 작물 모델을 구동하고 공간적인 생산성 예측자료를 생산할 수 있는 시스템을 개발하였다. 이를 위해 입출력 처리 모듈과 격자별 모델 구동 모듈을 개발하였으며, 각각의 모듈은 C++와 R을 이용하여 구현되었다. 사례 연구를 위해 남한의 논 지역을 대상으로 2000년대에 대한 생산성을 모의하였다. 1km 및 12.5km 해상도의 격자형 기상자료로부터 13000여개의 기상입력자료가 생성되었다. 관행적인 재배관리 설정을 사용하여 격자별로 구동을 하였으며, 출력자료는 다시 netCDF 형태의 격자형 자료로 취합하였다. 모의된 벼 생산성의 공간적 분포는 실제 분포와 비슷한 경향을 보였으나, 실제 생산성과는 차이가 있었다. 이러한 차이는 이앙시기, 품종 등의 재배관리의 차이 또는 기상자료의 불확실성에 의해 생기게 된다. 본 연구에서 개발된 격자별 모델 구동 시스템을 통해 다른 작물 모델을 이용한 격자별 모의가 가능할 것이다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.680-685
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• 2012

본 연구는 착색단고추 재배온실 내의 위치에 따른 온도 환경 차이가 생육에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 수행하였다. 지상부의 온도는 중앙부가 북측부보다 일평균 온도가 $1.6^{\circ}C$ 정도 높게 측정되었으며, 근권부의 온도도 중앙부에서 $2.2^{\circ}C$ 높았다. 착색단고추의 초장, 절간수, 경경 등은 온실 내 중앙부에서 북측부보다 유의하게 높았다. 정식12주 후 초장은 중앙부에서 153cm/plant로 북측 127.2cm/plant보다 길었으며, 절간수는 2개 더 많았고, 경경 또한 1.5mm/plant 더 두꺼웠다. 또한 순광합성속도도 중앙부에서 북측부보다 높게 나타났다. 수확된 상품과의 수량도 중앙에서 49.1개/5주로 북측의 40.5개/5주에 비해 20% 정도가 증대되었다. 온실내 위치에 따른 온도 환경 차이는 착색단고추의 생육 및 광합성률에 영향을 주어 생산량에 차이를 나타내는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.629-636
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• 1996

득량만의 양식업에 대한 EMERGY분석결과 연안해역에 대한 영속성 에너지원의 EMERGY 유입은 $54.60\times10^{18}sej/yr$, 비영속성 에너지원인 화석연료의 유입은 $1.50\times10^{18}sej/yr$ 그리고 재화와 용역에 의한 유입은 $13.55\times10^{18}sej/yr$이고, 자연환경으로부터의 유입이 전체 에너지원의 $78\%$를 차지하고 있어 환경자원에 대한 의존도가 높은 1차 산업의 구조적 특징을 나타내고 있다. Net EMERGY yield ratio는 4.63으로 자원으로서의 가치가 높음을 나타내고, EMERGY investment ratio는 0.28로 주 경제로부터 유입된 에너지의 약 3.6 배에 해당하는 에너지를 자연환경으로부터 얻고 있음을 알 수 있다. 1994년 득량만의 환경용량은 영속성 에너지원에 근거하여 유입된 EMERGY량이 모두 현재의 EMERGY 생산비대로 생산이 된다면 득량만 전체에서는 어류; 1,140ton/yr, 갑각류; 110ton/yr, 패류; 1,553ton/yr, 해조류; 9,074ton/yr이며 1994년 생산량은 환경용량의 $80\%,\;92\%,\;80\%,\;84\%$를 생산하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그리고, 면적이 6,617ha(전체면적의 $17.67\%$)인 양식장만을 고려하여 유입된 EMERGY가 전부 패류의 생산에 이용된다면 패류양식장의 생산용량은 1,195ton/yr로 산출되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.292-298
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• 1997

인삼포의 관행해가림 (볏짚피복, 투광율 3％)과 개량해가림(P.E. 차광망피복, 투광율 10％)의 해가림간 인삼 개체군의 군낙구조를 비교하기 위해서 년근별 (2, 4, 6년근), 재식위치별, 높이별로 엽면적, 비엽중(S.L.W,), 경엽의 건물중 및 조도의 분포를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 투광률(지상 40cm부위)은 2년근에서 관행해가림은 전행이 3％, 중간행이 2％, 후행이 1.5％였으며 평균 2.2％로 행간에 차이가 심했으나, 개량해가림에서는 전행이 12％, 중간행이 10％, 후행이 8％였으며 평균 10％로 투광률이 증가되어 행간의 차이가 근소하였다. 4, 6년근에서는 관행해가림의 광환경이 더욱 악화되었으나 개량해가림에서는 수광량이 행간의 차이가 근소하였다. 2. 2년근에서 재식위치별로 엽면적, 비엽중, 경 및 잎의 건물중 분포는 관행해가림과 개량해가림간에 차이가 근소하였다. 3. 4년근에서 재식위치별로 엽면적, 경, 엽의 건물중 분포가 관행해가림에서는 전행 및 중간행부분에 많이 분포되고 후행쪽은 적은 반면, 개량해가림에서는 행간에 차이가 적고 고루 분포되었으며 이러한 경향은 6년근시에 더욱 심하여 통로쪽의 지상부 건물중이 관행해가림은 개량해가림보다 현저히 증가하였다. 4. 근수량은 개량해가림이 관행해가림에 비해 28％증가되었으며, 재식위치별 근수량 지수는 관행해가림은 전행인 1∼2행이 높은 반면 개량해가림은 5행을 제외하고는 각행 고르게 분포되었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.705-711
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• 2015

Management of soil water and fertilization is known to primarily affect physiological properties and yield in plant. The effect of soil water potential and nitrogen application on characteristics of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence in Schisandra chinensis Baillon was investigated on a sandy loam soil. Net photosyntheis rate and transpiration rate increased as a photon flux density and was highest at -50kPa of soil water potential. Light compensation point ($1.5{\mu}molm^{-1}s^{-1}$) and dark respiration ($0.13{\mu}molCO_2m^{-1}s^{-1}$) was lowest at -50 kPa but maximum photosynthesis rate ($13.10{\mu}molCO_2m^{-1}s^{-1}$) and net apparent quantum yield ($0.083{\mu}molCO_2m^{-1}s^{-1}$) was highest at -50 kPa. As results of chlorophyll fluorescence by OJIP analysis, maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) of photosystem II (PSII) and PIabs was higher in treatments of -50 kPa and -60 kPa respectively, which reflects the relative reduction state of PSII. But the relative activities per reaction center such as ABS/RC and DIo/RC were low with decreasing soil water potential. Net photosyntheis rate and transpiration rate were highest at treatment of soil testing 1.0 times ($92kgha^{-1}$). Application of nitrogen resulted in high Fv/Fm, $PI_{abs}$ and low ABS/RC, DIo/RC. This result implies that -50 kPa of soil water potential and nitrogen fertilizer may improve the efficiency of photosynthesis through controlling a photosystem in Schisandra chinensis Baillon.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권7호
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• pp.2572-2577
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• 2023

A field determination method for small D-T neutron source yield based on the oxygen prompt gamma rays was established. A neutron-gamma transport equation of the determination device was developed. Two yield field determination devices with a thickness of 20 mm and 50 mm were made. The count rates of the oxygen prompt gamma rays were calculated using three energy spectra processing approaches, which were the characteristic peak of 6.13 MeV, the overlapping peak of 6.92 MeV and 7.12 MeV, and the total energy area. The R-square of the calibration curve is better than 94% and the maximum error of the yield test is 5.21%, demonstrating that it is feasible to measure the yield of D-T neutron source by oxygen prompt gamma rays. Additionally, the results meet the requirements for field determination of the conventional D-T neutron source yield.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.285-285
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• 2022

Recent unpredictable climate change is a major cause of rice yield loss. In particular, methane is a key factor in global warming. Therefore rice breeders are trying to breed the reducing-methane gas emission rice using the crossbreeding method. However, the traditional crossbreeding method takes 8 to 10 years to breed a cultivar, and the anther culture method developed to shorten the breeding cycle also takes 6 to 7 years. On the other hand, CRISPR/Cas9 accurately edits the target trait and can rapidly breed rice cultivars by editing the target trait as a homozygous in 2-3 years. In addition, exogenous genetic elements such as Cas9 can be isolated from the G₁ generation. Therefore, the flowering time was regulated by applying CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and OsCKq1 genome-editing (OsCKq1-G) rice with early flowered and high yield was bred in the field. Genome-editing of OsCKq1 applied CRISPR/Cas9 technology up-regulates the expression of the flowering promotion gene Ehd1 under long-day conditions induces early flowering and increases the yield by increasing the 1,000-grain weight. And as the generations advanced, each agricultural trait indicated a low coefficient of variation. As a result, indicated that OsCKq1 plays an important role in regulating the flowering time and is related to the trait determining yield. Therefore, OsCKq1-G can suggest a breeding strategy for the Net-Zero national policy for reducing-methane gas emission rice by shortening the breeding cycle with the early flowered, and high-yield rice. CRISPR/Cas9 technology is a rapid and accurate breeding technology for breeding rice cultivars with important characteristics.