• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.1049-1054
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• 2003

A group of Hanwoo (Korean cattle) steers (n=14,386) was sampled from a commercial abattoir located in Seoul over one year period (spring, summer, autumn and winter) and their carcass traits were collected. Carcass traits assessed by an official meat grader comprised degree of marbling, meat color, fat color, texture and maturity for quality grade, and back fat thickness, ribeye area and carcass weight for yield grade. A heavier carcass with a higher marbling score, more red meat color and white fat color received better quality grade (p<0.05). Regression analysis showed that the marbling score was the strongest attribute (partial $R^2=0.88$) for quality grade. Lighter carcasses with a thinner back fat and larger ribeye area received higher yield grade score. The back fat thickness was the most negative determinant of yield grade (Partial $R^2=-0.66$). The slaughter season had a little effect on quality and yield grades. As slaughter weight increased, back fat thickness and ribeye area increased linearly, whereas marbling score reached its asymptotic level at approximately 570 kg. As a consequence, quality grade showed a considerable improvement up to 570 kg, but increases in slaughter weight afterward showed a little benefit on quality grade. There was a clear curvilinear relationship between slaughter weight and yield grade in that the yield grade reached its highest point at approximately 490 kg and decreased afterward. These results suggested that 570kg at the age of 24 months might be the economic slaughter weight for quality grade but 490 kg for yield grade.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권1호
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• pp.143-154
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• 2022

This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship among market weight, slaughter age, yield grade, and primal cut yield in Hanwoo. A total of 403 Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) was assessed for carcass traits such as carcass cold weight, backfat thickness, ribeye area, dressing percentage, yield index, and marbling score. The production yield of the individual major primal cuts of Hanwoo beef was also measured. Carcass cold weight, ribeye area, and backfat thickness, which affect meat quality increased with increased market weight (p < 0.05). The production yield of the ten major primal cuts also increased with increased market weight (p < 0.05). In terms of slaughter age, carcass cold weight, ribeye area, and backfat thickness all increased from 25 months to 28-29 months, and the production yield of all prime cuts also increased with increasing slaughter age. According to the meat yield grade, carcass cold weight and backfat thickness increased from grade A to grade C, although the ribeye area was not affected. The combined findings of the study suggest that slaughtering Hanwoo at the weight of 651-700 kg and 701-750 and age of 28.23 and 29.83 months could be desirable to achieve the best quality and quantity grade of Hanwoo beef. However, the positive correlation of carcass cold weight and backfat thickness, and the negative correlation of the yield index according to primal cuts yield indicated that it is necessary to couple the slaughtering management of cattle with improved genetic and breeding method of Hanwoo to increase the production yield of the major prime cuts of Hanwoo beef.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.305-316
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• 2013

The strategy for increasing the palatability of Hanwoo beef through fattening could lead to a decline in yield grade. The aim of this study was to examine the meat quality traits of Longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle from carcasses of Hanwoo steers at different yield grades. A total of 246 Hanwoo steers was divided into the following yield grades: A (n=77), B (n=76) and C (n=93). Meat quality traits, including proximate composition, cholesterol content, nucleotide content, dipeptide content, creatine and creatinine, free amino acid content, fatty acid composition, instrumental meat color, pH, water holding capacity, drip loss, cooking loss, and sensory qualities of the LD muscle from the 3 yield grades of Hanwoo carcasses were measured. The decline in yield grade from A to C resulted in an increase in crude fat and cholesterol content as well as a decrease in inosine 5'-monophosphate and aspartic acid in the LD muscle (p<0.05). In terms of fatty acid composition, the LD muscle from yield grade A had higher SFA and PUFA and lower MUFA content than that from yield grade C (p<0.05). However, the ratio of PUFA/SFA and n-6/n-3 did not differ among LD muscles from the 3 yield grades. There were no significant differences among other meat quality traits in relation to the yield grade. In conclusion, we suggest that the changes of substances related with health and flavor can be considered in order to obtain better quality Hanwoo beef.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.591-595
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• 2002

Three hundred thirty five progeny testing steers of Korean beef cattle were evaluated ultrasonically for back fat thickness (BFT), longissimus muscle area (LMA) and intramuscular fat (IF) before slaughter. Class measurements associated with the Korean yield grade and quality grade were also obtained. Residual standard deviation between ultrasonic estimates and carcass measurements of BFT, LMA were 1.49 mm and $0.96cm^2$. The linear correlation coefficients (p<0.01) between ultrasonic estimates and carcass measurements of BFT, LMA and IF were 0.75, 0.57 and 0.67, respectively. Results for improving predictions of yield grade by four methods-the Korean yield grade index equation, fat depth alone, regression and decision tree methods were 75.4%, 79.6%, 64.3% and 81.4%, respectively. We conclude that the decision tree method can easily predict yield grade and is also useful for increasing prediction accuracy rate.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.291-298
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• 2008

We separately cultured follicular oocytes collected from individual ovaries of slaughtered Korean native cows and examined both the embryonic development rate and pregnancy rate after embryo transplantation according to the meat yield and quality grades of the source beef carcass. Oocytes from meat yield grade B cows exhibited a higher fertilization rate and embryonic developmental rate to the eight-cell stage than oocytes from grade A or C animals (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in rate of development to the blastocyst stage among meat yield grades A, Band C. The oocyte cleavage rate and development rate to the eight-cell stage from meat quality grade 3 cattle was higher than grades 1++, 1+, 1 and 2 (p<0.05). Embryos derived from grade animals displayed a development rate to the blastocyst stage of 19.4%, which was also higher than all other meat quality grades (p<0.05). Transplantation of in vitro-cultured oocytes from meat yield grade A ovaries led to a higher pregnancy rate (64.2%) than in vitro-cultured oocytes from meat yield grade B ovaries (56.5%), but there was no significant difference between the two groups in pregnancy or abortion rates. In conclusion, embryonic development rate and pregnancy rate has a close relation to meat quality grades of the source beef carcass, this results is to give information for the Korean native cows improvement of breed.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.202-208
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• 2014

This study was carried out investigate the effects of dietary addition of mineral and sugar on the dry matter intake, daily gain, yield grade and quality grade of Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) steers. Three diets fed to steers included a control diet (concentrate mix and rice straw : C) and two treatments diet (control diet + black sugar 100 g + mineral 100 g : T1, and control diet + black sugar 150 g + mineral 50 g : T2). The results are summarized as follows; total feeding intake, body weight gain and daily gain did not show significant differences among the three treatments. Cold carcass weight was significantly (p<0.05) higher in T2 than in the other two treatments (C and T1). There was no significant difference in yield traits of back fat thickness, longissimus muscle area and yield grade among the three treatments (C, T1 and T2). Marbling score showed significantly (p<0.05) higher in order of T2 (5.67) > T1 (4.67) > C (3.67). Meat color, fat color, texture and maturity were no significant difference. Quality grade was higher in T2 than in the other two treatments (C and T1), but there was no significant difference. The results show that marbling score and quality grade of Hanwoo can be increased by high dry matter intake with feeding addition of mineral and sugar.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2012

본 연구는 고도 차이 혹은 수송 거리의 차이가 한우(거세우 및 암소)의 도체특성, 표면육색 및 혈중 cortisol 농도 변화에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위해 실시되었다. 공시동물은 총 190두로 이중 거세한우는 118두 암소는 72두였다. 자료는 사육 고도(100, 200, 300, 400 및 500 m) 혹은 수송 거리(50, 100, 150, 200 및 250 km)에 따라 분석하였다. 사육 고도의 차이가 거세한우 및 암소의 육량 및 육질 형질 변화에 미치는 영향은 적었으며, 수송 거리의 차이가 거세한우 및 암소의 육량 형질에 미치는 영향은 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 수송 거리의 차이가 거세한우 및 암소의 근내지방도, 육색 및 지방색에 미치는 영향과 사육 고도 혹은 수송 거리의 차이가 거세한우 및 암소 등심의 명도, 적색도, 황색도, 선명도 및 색상색에 미치는 영향은 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 암소의 경우 사육고도 100 m에서 200 m에 비해 등심의 명도가 증가되었으며(p<0.05), 거세한우의 경우 수송 거리 250 km 그리고 암소의 경우에는 200 km에서 등심의 명도가 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 한편, 혈중 cortisol 농도는 낮은 사육 고도에 비해 높은 사육 고도에서 낮아지는 경향을 보였으나, 통계적인 유의차는 없었다. 수송 거리가 거세한우 및 암소의 cortisol 농도에 미치는 영향은 없었다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과에서 사육 고도 혹은 수송 거리가 한우의 생산성에 미치는 영향은 적은 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.151-156
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• 2003

국내에 생우로 수입된 호주산 육우 Hereford, Angus, Murray Grey, Hereford${\times}$Angus 각각 10두의 도체등급 특성을 비교 분석하여 수입생우의 국내 비육에 대한 기초자료를 제시하고자 실시하였다. 육량등급요인 중 등지방 두께는 Hereford종이 13.7mm로 가장 얇았으며, Angus, Murray Grey, Hereford${\times}$Angus은 각각 18.20, 18.90, 17.30mm로 나타났다(p<0.05). 배최장근 단면적에서는 품종간 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았으며(p>0.05), 육량지수는 Hereford종이 64.63으로 가장 높았고, Murray Grey종이 62.43으로 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). 육질등급요인 중 육색은 다른 품종들에 비하여 Hereford종이 낮았으며, 지방색은 Angus종이 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 성숙도는 다른 품종에 비하여 Angus종이 가장 낮았으며(p<0.05), 근내지방도, 조직감에서는 품종간에 차이가 없었다. 품종별 근내지방도 등급 출현율은 Angus종이 근내지방도 1++등급 이상이 50%를 차지하여 가장 높았으며, Hereford종이 전두수 1++등급 미만으로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 품종별 최종 도체등급 출현율에 있어서 육질등급에서는 Angus종이 육질 2등급 출현율이 20%로 가장 좋았으며, Hereford종과 교잡종(Hereford$\times$Angus)은 100% 육질 3등급으로 가장 저조한 성적을 보였다. 육량등급 출현율에 있어서는 Hereford종이 육량 B등급 출현율 30 %로 가장 좋은 성적을 보였으나, Angus종과교잡종(Hereford${\times}$Angus)은 100% 육량 C등급으로 가장 저조한 성적을 보였다. 전체적으로 볼 때 교잡종은 전 두수 육질 3등급, 육량 C등급을 보여 육질 및 육량 면에서 가장 저조하였다. 본 연구결과 수입생우(거세우)는 한우거세우에 비하여 육량, 육질 모든 면에서 저조한 결과를 보였다. 그러나 비육시험에서 한우와 동일하게 시험을 하지 못한 면에서는 아쉬운 점이 있었으며, 한우거세우와 정확한 비교를 위해서는 동일조건에서 한우와 수입생우의 비교시험이 필요하다고 사료된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권5호
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• pp.1086-1097
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• 2021

This study examined the impact of using total mixed ration (TMR) and concentrate on feed intake, daily gain, carcass yield grade, and carcass quality grade of Hanwoo steers and its subsequent economic efficiency. Thirty six 7-month-old Hanwoo steers were assigned to one of the four treatment groups, and each group was divided into three repeated pens, with each repeated pen comprising three steers. The treatment groups were: 1) separate feeding with commercial concentrate and forage (namely, SCF) for the entire experimental period; 2) TMR feeding for a growing period followed by SCF for the early and late fattening period (namely, TMRGSCF); 3) TMR feeding for growing and an early fattening period followed by SCF for the late fattening period (namely, TMREFSCF); and 4) TMR feeding for the entire experimental period (namely, TMRW). The results showed that the SCF treatment had significantly (p < 0.05) higher feed intake during the growing period than other treatments. In contrast, the total feed intake had little difference during early and late fattening as well as the whole period regardless of feeding strategies. Daily gain showed no difference during the growing period. However, it was significantly higher in SCF and TMREFSCF treatments for the early and late fattening period, respectively (p < 0.05). The daily gain during the total raising period is in the order of TMREFSCF > TMRGSCF > SCF > TMRW. Carcass characteristics, including carcass weight, loin eye muscle area, and carcass yield grade, did not significantly differ among different treatments. However, TMRW treatment, wherein TMR was fed for a long time, showed that the cold carcass weight was less compared with other treatments, but carcass yield grade was higher with thinner backfat. Backfat thickness was in the order of SCF > TMRGSCF > TMREFSCF > TMRW, showing that the thickness reduced with longer TMR feeding (p < 0.05). TMRGSCF, which numerically had a higher carcass quality grade, showed higher economic efficiency, whereas SCF showed low economic efficiency. In conclusion, it was more feasible to apply TMR strategy in the growing and early fattening period and then SCF for the early or late fattening period to improve carcass yield, quality grade, and economic efficiency.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.161-170
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• 2015

These studies were conducted to establish the practical Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) improvement system through the combining of embryo transfer technology and confirming individual Hanwoo oocyte culture system and to investigate that correlation of Hanwoo carcass classification (intramuscular marbling) and oocyte donor for blastocyst production in vitro. In case of Hanwoo, the carcass meat quality grades were divided to grade $1^{{+}{+}}$, $1^{+}$, 1, 2, and 3 depends on fat distribution of longest muscle cross-sectional surface. As results, the numbers of follicular oocytes collected from individual fundamentally-registered Hanwoo yielded $1^{{+}{+}}$, $1^{+}$, 1, 2 and 3 meat quality were 9.5, 9.4, 8.5, 8.8 and 8.8 per ovary, respectively. The numbers of retrieval oocyte from follicles were significantly higher in the cattle yield $1^{{+}{+}}$, $1^{+}$ meat quality than in the cattle yield 1, 2 and 3 meat quality (p<0.05). The rates of blastocyst formation were 18.2, 21.3, 29.4, 30.9, and 31.5% in the cattle yield $1^{{+}{+}}$, $1^{+}$, 1, 2 and 3 meat quality of after in vitro maturation, respectively. It was significantly lower in the cattle yield $^{{+}{+}}$ and $1^{+}$ meat quality than in the cattle yield 1, 2 and 3 meat quality (p<0.05). In order to evaluate embryos quality, TUNNEL assay was conducted for each meat quality grade using blastocyst stage embryo on day 8. The results showed that apoptosis cell number was higher tendency in the cattle yield $1^{{+}{+}}$and $1^{+}$ meat quality (81 and 79, respectively) than in the cattle yield 1, 2 and 3 meat quality (51, 48 and 50, respectively) but there was no statistical significance in each group. After embryo transfer, the conception rate of recipient was 53.5 (23 out of 43), 52.1 (38 out of 73) and 58.0% (58 out of 100) in the meat quality of 1, $1^{+}$ and $1^{{+}{+}}$, respectively. These results showed that the conception rate was significantly higher in the cattle yield 1 meat quality than in the cattle yield $1^{{+}{+}}$, $1^{+}$, 2, and 3 meat quality (p<0.05). In summary, these results indicate that the application of confirming Hanwoo individual oocyte culture system and embryo transfer technology can make good use of the genetic resources conservation and improvement of Hanwoo. Relevance of the meat quality grade and reproductive ability of carcasses of Hanwoo will be considered to be one of the effective means for the associated research with obesity and reproduction.