• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.357-360
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• 2018

This study developed a method to minimize rice damages and enhance timely control by accurately classifying Whitebacked Planthopper (WBPH). The body size of the 1st-3rd instar was 1.5-2 mm, and the body size of the 4-5 instar was 2.5-3.5 mm. In the third instar, the ratio of the front wing bud and the back wing-bud was 1:1. The fourth instar occupied 3/4 of the front wing-bud, and the 5th instar showed that the front wing-bud covers the back wing-bud. It was confirmed that the 1st instar does not have a sensory plate, the 2nd instar has 2-3, the 3rd instar has 4-5, the 4th instar has 6-9, the 5th instar has 10-15, and the adult instar has 15-20 sensory plates. The female spawning organs were reddish when the spawning horn was inserted. WBPH showed that the larvae of 2-3 larvae most actively feed on rice, and the damaged area was the stem of rice near the ground. In addition, a partial black wound was observed after the feeding. WBPH-susceptible 'Chucheong' was yellowish, and early growth was slower than that of 'Cheongcheong', which was resistant; moreover, a difference between susceptibility and resistance was observed. The identification of the number of such wounds in the bioassay will be a better basis for understanding the difference in susceptibility between WBPH strains and cultivars. These results will be used as basic data for cultivating the WBPH-resistant varieties of rice.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2016

This study was performed to understand wood durability to climate deterioration of planted Indonesian wood specie such as Albizia, Gmelina, Mangium and Mindi. Wood samples were exposed to indoor and outdoor condition. $L^*a^*b^*$ and Color changes (${\Delta}E*ab$) were determined by a spectrophotometer. As a result, color of all samples was changed more markedly by ultraviolet radiation. In indoor test with UV, brightness of wood specimens from four species was not changed and all samples were changed into more reddish and yellowish. In accelerated weathering test, all samples were bleached and changed into more greenish and blueish. In outdoor test, brightness of wood specimens decreased in Albizia and Gmelina and increased in Mangium and Mindi. All wood specimens in outdoor test were changed into more greenish and blueish. Albizia and Gmleina woods showed greater color change than those of Mangium and Mindi. Especially, color change of wood samples might be influenced greatly by moisture. In conclusion, wood color changed into more clearly by UV radiation. Therefore, exposing woods to UV radiation could be one of reasonable methods to improve wood quality on visual characteristic.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.289-294
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• 2001

Yields of shells, appearance of the shellfishes, mineral contents of the shells and their hot water extracts were determined in six shellfishes such as corb shell(CS). short neck clam(SNC). taste clam(TC), ark shell(AS). top shell(TS) and oyster(OY) from the western coast of Korea. Yields of shells in shellfishes were 70.I~80.5% but yields of TC was the lowest as 40.7%. The highest among weight of the shell the shellfishes was the TS(26.2g) and the lowest weight was TC(5.6g) Colors of CS, SNC, TC. AS. TS and OY were yellowish brown, brown, black. greenish brown and gray. respectively. Ca content of the shell of shellfishes was 36.23~38.78% and the content of K and Na were 0.23~4.54% and 1.48~l.59%, respectively. Contents of Na, Mg, Fe. Mn, Zn, Cu. P and S were in the range of 0.01~0.21%. It also contained heavy metals, such as Pb(1.90~7.75 ppm), Cd(0.5~4.50 ppm), As (1.40~4.30 ppm), Se (0.2~l.50 ppm). Cr(1.00~8.30 ppm) and Hg(0.002~8.2 ppm), Ca content in hot water extracts of shell of shellfish was the highest in TC(2,448 mg/100 g), and the lowest in SNC(115 mg/100 g). K content in TC extracts was the highest with the levels of 952 mg/100 g. P content of TC and SNC were 201 and 0.36 mg/100 g, respectively. The contents of Pb, As, Se and Cr were the highest in the extracts of TC and were 110. 40. 90, 20 $\mu$g/100 g, respectively. But Cd was not detected in the extracts of SNC.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2000

Dentinogenesis imperfecta is an inherited disorder of dentin formation, usually exhibiting an autosomal dominant mode of transmission. Type I dentinogenesis imperfecta occurs in patients afflicted with osteogenesis imperfecta. Type II dentinogenesis imperfecta is not associated with osteogenesis imperfecta. Type III dentinogenesis imperfecta (Brandywine type) occurs in a racial isolate area in the state of Maryland. In all three types, teeth of both dentitions are affected with variable clinical appearances. The teeth are opalescent with the color ranging from bluish-gray to brown to yellowish. The dentin is abnormally soft, providing inadequate functional support to the overlying enamel. Although the enamel is normal, it fractures or chips away easily, exposing the occlusal and incisal dentin. The exposed soft dentin often undergoes rapid and severe functional attrition. The teeth exhibit bulb-shaped crowns with constricted cementoenamel junctions and thin roots. The teeth will exhibit varying stages of obliteration of the coronal and root pulpal chambers. The cementum, periodontal ligament and supporting alveolar bone appear normal. The enamel is normal. The mantle dentin remains nearly normal, whereas the remaining dentin is severely dysplastic. The dentinal tubules are disoriented, irregular, widely spaced, and usually larger than normal.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.279-283
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• 2008

A 12.6-year-old, male Shitzu was diagnosed with perianal adenocarcinoma. The presented mass was brown to black, $4{\times}3{\times}3cm$ in size, and yellowish on cut section. Microscopic findings revealed that the mass composed of variable sized clusters of hepatoid cells with inconspicuous distinct. The tumor cells were polyhedral and pyknotic and exhibited high mitotic activity. Tumor cells intermingled with basaloid cells and primitive cells invaded the adjacent normal tissues. Basaloid cells exhibited positive immunoreactivity for Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER-2/neu), matrix metallopnateinase 9 (MMP-9), and perianal adenocarcinoma, protein kinase C alpha (PKC ${\alpha}$). Generally, tumors of the perianal gland are common and benign 4.5 times more often than carcinoma in the dog, particularly in males. In the present report, we examined histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of a rare perianal adenocarcinoma in association with proteins involved tumor metastasis and adenocarcinoma development.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.324-342
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• 2007

This study reports petrography and geochemical characteristics of the basalt lava flows in Seongsan-Ilchulbong area, the easternpart of Jeju island, Korea, to understand the evolutionary processes of magma. Basalt lavas are classified into the Pyoseon-ri basalt and the Seongsan-ri basalt. The Pyoseon-ri basalt is dark-gray colored with many vescicles, and mainly consists of olivine, feldspar and rarely of clinopyroxene as phenocrysts. The Seongsan-ri basalt is largely aphanitic basalt and bright-gray colored, divided into two lava-flow units: lower lava flow (B1) and upper lava flow (B2) by the intercalated yellowish lapillistone and paleosol. The lavas plotted into sub-alkaline tholeiitic basalt and alkaline basalt series. The tholeiitic basalts have characteristically higher $SiO_2,\;FeO^T$, and CaO contents, but lower $TiO_2,\;K_2O,\;P_2O_5$ and other incompatible elements compared to the alkali basalts. The tholeiitic basalts have higher $SiO_2$ to the same MgO contents than the alkalic basalts. The contents of Ni, Cr, and MgO show a strong positive correlation, which indicates that low-MgO phases like plagioclase and titanomagnetite were important during the differentiation of magma. The contents of incompatible elements against that of Th show a strong positive correlation. The chondrite-nomalized REE patterns of tholeiitic and alkalic basalts are subparallel each other. LREEs contents of the former are lower than, but HREEs contents are similar to the latter. They both are similar to their K/Ba ratios. The primitive-mantle normalized spider diagram demonstrates that the contents of Ba and Th of all basaltic magma are enriched, and yet Cr, Ni are depleted. The tholeiitic and alkalic basalts may be originated from a different degree of the partial melting of the same mantle material source, and one shows a higher degree of the partial melting than the other.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.415-420
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• 2013

A method for coating rice with a novel substance, SHC [soybean hydrolysate with Cyclo Histidine-Proline (CHP)], was developed to produce functional rice for food production. The dip coating and spray coating method was tested to reduce the loss of functionality during the manufacturing of enriched rice. The dip coating method showed a very low absorption rate ($0.079min^{-1}$) of the functional substance compared to control ($0.150min^{-1}$), while the spray-coating method with protective coating materials [a methyl cellulose solution (l%, w/v) containing 5% (w/v) of the SHC] showed relatively adequate absorption characteristics. A light yellowish stain was observed in the rice samples processed by the spray-coating method (b value; surface1 0.69, flour 4.91) compared to raw rice (b value; surface 9.67, flour 4.86). The microscopic appearance of whole kernels and longitudinal sections revealed that cracks formed in all rice samples, regardless of the coating method. In conclusion, spray coating is a potential method for producing SHC-fortified rice with excellent physical characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.10
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• pp.1453-1459
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• 2016

Yacon syrup, which contains fructooligosaccharides (FOS), was used as a substitute for sugar to make functional healthy sponge cake. Regarding characteristics of sponge cake with various yacon syrup concentrations, height and volume decreased while moisture content increased with increasing yacon syrup concentration. Sponge cake with increasing yacon syrup content showed a greater green-yellowish color. Springiness, cohesiveness, hardness, and brittleness decreased with increasing yacon syrup concentration. Hardness values of cakes made with 100% sugar (YS 0) and yacon syrup substitute for 10% sugar (YS 10) were not significantly different. Overall acceptance of sponge cake decreased with increasing yacon syrup content, whereas those of YS 0 and YS 10 were not significantly different. For storage period, moisture content of sponge cake with increasing yacon syrup concentration decreased during storage, whereas the decreasing moisture content was less than that of YS 0. The color of sponge cake with various yacon syrup concentrations did not change significantly during storage. Springiness and cohesiveness decreased during storage. Hardness increased with storage period, whereas that of sponge cake made with yacon syrup was lower than that of YS 0. In conclusion, sponge cake made with YS 10 is the best to make sponge cake with high consumer acceptance, reduced sugar content, and FOS.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.505-517
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• 2000

This study was undertaken to provide a drinking water quality on the basis of physicochemical properties. In this study, the 25 samples of supply waters of the Taejon area were sampled twice (February and August in 1999). Hydrochemistry of the supply water belongs to the $Ca^{2＋}$-${HCO_3}^{-1}$ type, whereas the supply water was characterized by the relatively significant enrichment of ${Ca}^{2+}$, ${Na}^{2+}$, ${K}^{2+}$, ${Cl}^{2+}$ ions and heavy metals compared to the original water from the Daecheong lake. Generally, the supply water has a mean values for $10.7^{\circ}C$ of temperature, 6.86 of pH, -12 mV of Eh, 88 ${\mu}S$/cm of EC and 70.379 mg/l of TDS in February, whereas the waters of the same sites in August are a slightly high temperature ($26.1^{\circ}C$), TDS (78.069 mg/l) and extremely high EC (442 ${\mu}S$/cm) value. These values are similar with physicochemical properties of the original lake water depending on the seasonal differences. Results of speciation calculation indicate that potentially toxic ions might exist mainly in the forms of free metal (${Cu}^{2+}$ or ${Zn}^{2+}$) and a small amount of ${CO_3}^{2-}$and ${OH}^{-}$in the supply water. The water seemed to be in equilibrium with kaolinite field of the normal stability diagrams for the natural water. Based on enrichment parameter of the supply water normalized by original lake water composition, the average value of those parameter can be calculated with nearly 1.00, but the those values for Cu＋Zn possible source of decrepit pipe lines are 126.75 in February and 115.63 in August samples. The parameter values varied with sampling sites, however, do not exceed by chemistry of drinking water standard. Solid compounds remained on the membrane filter papers after filtration are adhered to pale yellow or yellowish brown colored dissolved solids and precipitates, which are coated by 0.02 to 0.35 mm thick per 500 ml with colloidal particles of about 1 to 2${\mu}m$ size. The particles are mainly Fe-Cu-Zn compounds and partly detected to Mn and Pb.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.388-392
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• 2013

A spray chrysanthemum cultivar 'Green Candy' was released by National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, in 2009. The cross between 'Yoko Ono', a spray chrysanthemum cultivar with light yellowish-green double type, and 'Green Bird', a spray chrysanthemum cultivar with vigorous and green double type, was made in Suwon in 2006. After the evaluation of the characteristics under shade culture in summer and retarding culture in spring and consecutive selection from 2007 to 2009, 'Green Candy' was selected finality. The natural flowering time of 'Green Candy' is October 28th, and it is possible to flower all year-round by shade and light culture. It has double flower type with green petals. The growth of plant is very vigorous and the color of the petals is stable when the variety is cultivated under high temperature conditions in summer season. The diameter of flower is 4.1 cm. The numbers of flower per stem and petals per flower are 12 and 217, respectively. The days for flowering under the short day treatment are about 58 and its vase life is 18.1 days in autumn season. 'Green Candy' was applied as No. 2010-212 on March 5, 2010 for variety protection and the plant variety protection rights have been registered as No. 3633 on August 2, 2011 at the Korea Seed and Variety Service.