• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.1288-1295
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• 2015

In experiment 1, eighty crossbred steers ($239{\pm}15kg$) were used in a 229-d experiment to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of enzymatically hydrolyzed yeast (EHY) cell wall in diets on growth performance feedlot cattle during periods of elevated ambient temperature. Treatments consisted of steam-flaked corn-based diets supplemented to provide 0, 1, 2, or 3 g EHY/hd/d. There were no effects on growth performance during the initial 139-d period. However, from d 139 to harvest, when 24-h temperature humidity index averaged 80, EHY increased dry matter intake (DMI) (linear effect, p<0.01) and average daily gain (ADG) (linear effect, p = 0.01). There were no treatment effects (p>0.10) on carcass characteristics. In experiment 2, four Holstein steers ($292{\pm}5kg$) with cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used in a $4{\times}4$ Latin Square design experiment to evaluate treatments effects on characteristics of ruminal and total tract digestion in steers. There were no treatment effects (p>0.10) on ruminal pH, total volatile fatty acid, molar proportions of acetate, butyrate, or estimated methane production. Supplemental EHY decreased ruminal molar proportion of acetate (p = 0.08), increased molar proportion of propionate (p = 0.09), and decreased acetate:propionate molar ratio (p = 0.07) and estimated ruminal methane production (p = 0.09). It is concluded that supplemental EHY may enhance DMI and ADG of feedlot steers during periods of high ambient temperature. Supplemental EHY may also enhance ruminal fiber digestion and decrease ruminal acetate:propionate molar ratios in feedlot steers fed steam-flaked corn-based finishing diets.

• 환경생물
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.177-182
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• 2016

부화장에서 폐기하는 달걀을 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens를 이용 분해하여 비료화하는 데 있어 발생하는 악취는 폐기물 처리에 있어 중요한 제한요소 중 하나이다. 이런 문제를 해결하기 위하여 두 개의 효모, Saccharomyces cerevisiae KACC 30008와 KACC 30068를 사용하여 실험하였다. 효모 균주는 모두 세균만을 사용하여 분해 처리하였을 때보다 섞어서 사용한 경우 암모니아 발생을 약 35.4% 감소하였고, 두 균주를 같이 섞어 사용한 경우는 57.1% 감소시켰다. 두 균주는 황화수소 또한 42%와 90.4%씩 각각 감소시켰고, 동시에 두 균주를 같이 사용했을 때에는 황화수소 발생을 98.5% 감소시켰다. 메틸메르캅탄의 경우 KA30008은 감소시키지 못하였으나 KA30068은 40%, 두 균주를 함께 사용한 경우는 66.7% 감소시켰다. 전체적으로 본 연구는 효모의 처리가 B. amyloliquefaciens를 사용하여 폐달걀 분해 시 악취 발생을 저감하는 효과를 더 증진시킴을 보여주었다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.1463-1473
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• 2024

Objective: Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of Saccharomyces yeast postbiotics (SYP) in feeds for sows on the growth of offspring (Exp. 1), for nursery pigs on their growth (Exp. 2), and for nursery and finishing pigs on their growth (Exp. 3). Methods: Exp. 1 had 80 sows at breeding assigned to 4 groups with SYP at 0, 0.050, 0.175, and 0.500 g/kg. Offspring were fed a common diet for 126 d. Exp. 2 had 144 barrows at 8 kg body weight (BW) allotted to CON (no SYP); YPC (SYP at 0.175 g/kg; d 0 to 42); and YPD (SYP at 1.25, 0.75, and 0 g/kg; d 0 to 7, d 8 to 21, and d 22 to 42, respectively) with 8 pens/treatment (6 pigs/pen). Exp. 3 had 96 barrows at 8 kg BW allotted to CON (no SYP); YPN (SYP at 0.175 g/kg; d 0 to 42); YPF (SYP at 0.100 g/kg; d 43 to 119); and YPA (SYP at 0.175 and 0.100 g/kg; d 0 to 42 and d 43 to 119, respectively) with 8 pens/treatment (3 pigs/pen). Results: In Exp. 1, increasing SYP increased (p<0.05, quadratic) the sow body score (maximum at 0.30% SYP), reduced (p<0.05, quadratic) the days-wean-to-estrus (minimum at 0.27% SYP), and increased (p<0.05) offspring BW at weaning and their average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (G:F) at d 126. In Exp. 2, ADG, average daily feed intake (ADFI), and G:F of YPC were the greatest (p<0.05). The ADG and ADFI of YPD were greater (p<0.05) than CON. Fecal score of YPC and YPD was smaller (p<0.05) than CON. In Exp. 3, YPA had the greatest (p<0.05) ADG and YPN and YPF had greater (p<0.05) ADG than CON. Conclusion: SYP enhanced sow performance, offspring growth, growth of nursery and growing pigs with the greater efficacy at 0.27 to 0.32 g/kg feed.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권10호
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• pp.1536-1545
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• 2023

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the effects of UV-B irradiated vitamin D-enriched yeast supplementation on milk yield, milk composition, vitamin D in milk, milk fatty acids, blood chemistry, and 25(OH)D status in dairy cows. Methods: Six Thai Friesian cows (milk production, 11.2±2.0 kg/d; body weight, 415.0±20.0 kg; and days in milk, 90.0±6.0) were allocated to each treatment in a 3×3 Latin square design, with three treatments and three periods. Each period of the Latin square lasted 49 days consisting of 14 days for diet adaptation and 35 days for sample collection. Dairy cows were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: i) feeding a basal diet without yeast (CON); ii) basal diet + 5 g of live yeast (75 IU/head/d of vitamin D₂; LY); and iii) basal diet + 5 g of UV-B irradiated vitamin D enriched yeast (150,000 IU/head/d of vitamin D₂; VDY). Feed intake and milk production were recorded daily, milk sample collection occurred on days 14 and 35 of each collection period, and blood plasma was collected on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 of each collection period. Results: The results show that after a trial period of 14 and 35 days, the VDY group had significantly higher vitamin D content in milk than the LY and CON groups (376.41 vs 305.15, 302.14 ng/L and 413.46 vs 306.76, 301.12 ng/L, respectively). At days 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 of the experiment, cows fed the VDY group had significantly higher 25(OH)D₂ status in blood than the CON and LY groups (51.07 vs 47.16, 48.05 ng/mL; 54.96 vs 45.43, 46.91 ng/mL; 56.16 vs 46.87, 47.16 ng/mL; 60.67 vs 44.39, 46.17 ng/mL and 63.91 vs 45.88, 46.88 ng/mL), respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, UV-B irradiated vitamin D-enriched yeast supplementation could improve vitamin D content in the milk and 25(OH)D status in dairy cows during the lactation period.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.1221-1226
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• 2003

좁쌀약주를 초고압으로 처리하여 미생물 살균 및 효소불활성화 효과를 측정하였다. 무처리 좁쌀약주의 세균수는 $1.5{\times}$$10^4$ CFU/mL, 젖산균수는 1.9${\times}$$10^4$ CFU/mL, 효모수는 1.4${\times}$$10^4$ CFU/mL이었다. 좁쌀약주를 상압에서 열처리($65^{\circ}C$/15분)하였을 때 젖산균과 효모는 완전히 사멸되었으나 세균은 4.1${\times}$l0$^2$ CFU/mL이 잔존하였다 좁쌀약주를 초고압으로 처리한 결과 젖산균수와 효모수는 처리압력의 증가에 따라 급격히 감소하였으며 300 ㎫이상에서는 완전히 사멸되었다. 세균은 상온에서 압력을 600 ㎫로 높여도 멸균되지 않았으며, 300 ㎫/10분에서 처리온도를 $65^{\circ}C$까지 증가시켜도 2 log cycle밖에 감소되지 않았으며, $65^{\circ}C$/300 ㎫에서 처리시간을 50분까지 증가시켰을 때 2∼3 log cycle이 감소되었다 좁쌀약주를 초고압으로 처리하였을 때 $\alpha$-amylase와 glucoamylase의 활성은 처리 압력의 증가에 따라 다소 감소하여 상온/600 ㎫10분에서 각각 18.1%와 21.1%가 불활성화되었다. 300 ㎫/10분에서 처리온도의 증가에 따라 $\alpha$-amylase와 glucoamylase 모두 활성이 감소하였는데, $65^{\circ}C$에서 $\alpha$-amylase는 22.2%, glucoamylase는 32.1%만이 잔존하였다. 효소활성은 $65^{\circ}C$/300 ㎫에서 처리시간의 증가에 따라 다소 감소하는 경향을 보였다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.948-953
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• 2010

In this study, degradation of estrone (E1) and $17{\alpha}$-ethynylestradiol (EE2) by gamma-irradiation and subsequent reduction of estrogenic activity as a function of absorbed dose were conducted using the yeast two-hybrid assay. Relative potency of E1 and EE2 compared to estrogenic activity of $17{\beta}$-estradiol (E2) was found to be 0.0144 and 0.1605, respectively. More than 90% of E1 and EE2 (both $5.0{\times}10^{-6}M$) was removed at an absorbed dose of 5 kGy, but more than 40% of estrogenic activity still remained. The addition of $TiO_2$ catalyst appeared to improve the removal efficiency of E1 and decrease estrogenic activity while there was no significant effect for EE2. Additionally, the calculated estrogenic activity of E1 and EE2 based on a regression model was well correlated with the observed activity.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.161-166
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• 2009

Lactobacillus sp., Acetobacter sp. and yeast were the most dominant organisms in the EM stock culture and subculture product. Lactic acid bacteria and yeast were able to grow in the fermentation process utilizing seawater. EM treatment of higher concentrations using EM stock culture and EM clay balls (1% or 4%) contributed to an early removal of malodor and an increase of DO in the polluted sediments, indicating an odor-removing activity of EM. The EM treatment of higher concentrations (1% or 4%) somewhat appeared to modify the microbial communities within the sediments, which was confirmed by existence of a few unique fragments from the stock culture based on PCR-DGGE. It still remains to be elucidated that EM cultures were directly involved in the malodor removal and potential sediment bioremediation.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.465-467
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• 1997

The comparative effects of ozone treatment and gamma irradiation on the sterilization, physicochemical properties and sensory quality of red pepper powder were investigated. As for the sterilization of microorganisms, 7.5~10 KGy of gamma irradiation completely eliminated the coliforms, yeast and molds, and total aerobic bacteria. On the other hand, ozone treatment failed to eliminate the highly contaminated microbial load, especially total aerobic bacteria. The physicochemical properties including capsaicin, capsanthin, browning, fatty acid compositions and sensory quality were not significantly changed by gamma irradiation up to 10 kGy, whereas ozone treatment caused significant changes in fatty acid compositions and destruction of natural pigments (p<0.05). The above results led us to conclude that gamma irradiation was more effective than ozone treatment for the sterilization and maintenance of physicochemical and sensory qualities of red pepper powders.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.316-322
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• 2007

Glutaredoxins (Grxs), also known as thioltransferases (TTases), are thiol oxidoreductases that regulate cellular redox state in a variety of organisms. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Grx1 and 2 are cytosolic dithiol Grxs, while Grx3, 4 and 5 are monothiol Grxs. A gene encoding a new monothiol Grx, Grx6, was cloned from the genomic DNA of S. cerevisiae by PCR. Its DNA sequence contains 1,080 bp, and encodes a putative protein of 203 amino acid residues containing Cys-Phe-Tyr-Ser at the active site. Grx6 is similar to other monothiol Grxs in the same organism and to Grx3 in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. and its predicted three-dimensional structure resembles that of S. pombe Grx3. S. pombe cells harboring plasmid pFGRX6 containing the Grx6 gene had about 1.3-fold elevated Grx activity in the exponential phase, and grew better than the control cells under some stressful conditions. Synthesis of ${\beta}$-galactosidase from a Grx6-lacZ fusion gene in S. pombe was enhanced by potassium chloride, aluminum chloride and heat ($37^{\circ}C$) treatment. S. pombe cells harboring plasmid pFGRX6 had elevated ROS levels whereas S. pombe cells harboring extra copies of Grx3 had reduced ROS levels.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.576-583
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• 2006

The alkali-soluble glucan of the yeast cell wall contains $\beta-(1,3)-$ and (1,6)-D-linkages and is known to systemically enhance the immune system. In the previous study [6], in order to isolate cell wall mutants, a wild-type strain was mutagenized by exposure to ultraviolet light, and the mutants were then selected via treatment with laminarinase $(endo-\beta-(1,3)-D-glucanase)$. The mass of alkali- and water-soluble glucans produced by the mutant was measured to be 33.8 mg/g of the dry mass of the yeast cell. Our results showed that the mutants generated the amount of alkali-soluble glucan 10-fold higher than that generated by the wild-type. Structural analysis showed that the alkali-soluble glucan from the mutants was associated with a higher degree of $\beta-(1,6)-D-linkage$ than was observed in conjunction with the wild-type. Yeast cell wall $\beta-glucan$ was shown to interact with macrophages via receptors, thereby inducing the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha $(TNF-\alpha)$ and nitric oxide. Alkali-soluble $\beta-glucans$, both from water-soluble and water-insoluble glucan, exhibited a higher degree of macrophage activity with regard to both the secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha $(TNF-\alpha)$ and nitric oxide and direct phagocytosis, than did the positive control ($1{\mu}g$ of lipopolysaccharide).