• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.1 s.48
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• pp.87-100
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• 1995

Distributions and trends were examined in 2155 malocclusion patients who had been examined and diagnosed at Deparment of Orthodontics in Youngdong Severance Hospital over a 10 year-period from 1984 to 1993. The results were as follows ; 1. The number of patients per you had nearly quadrupled during the 10 year-period, with females($58.3\%$) outnumbering males ($41.7\%$). 2. Age distribution had shown 7-12 year-old group being the largest($53.3\%$), but percentages of 7-12 year-old and 13-18 year-old groups had been decreasing while that of above-19 patients had gradually incresed. 3. Distributions in the types of malocclusion according to the Angle's Classification had shown $27.8\%$ for Class I, $22.6\%$ for Class II division 1, $7.9\%$ for Class II division 2, and $41.6\%$ for Class III. Percentages of Class I patients had decreased while percentages of Class II and III patients had increased. 4. Non-extraction cases ($75.4\%$) had outnumbered extraction cases ($24.6\%$), with a general trend toward fewer extraction cases over the 10 year period. 5. Patients who had orthognathic surgery had been increasing, with Class I, II, and III cases comprising $8.8\%,\;16.9\%\;and\;74.3\%$, respectively. There had been three times as newly 2-jaw operations as 1-jaw operations. 6. Nearly $4\%$ of the subjects had facial asymmetries, with Class III cases being the most frequent. 7. Patients with TMD symptoms comprised $4.6\%$, with an increasing trend. The symptoms had occurred more frequently in older patients and in females. 8. Geograpic distributions showed majority (3/4) of patients from the nearby areas, namely Gangnam-gu, Seocho-gu and Songpa-gu.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.402-408
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• 2003

A quantitative method was suggested for estimating damages in fishery production due to the diffusion and deposition of suspended silt and clay by various construction processes in tidal flat fishing grounds. Marine populations are maintained through the process of spawning, growth, recruitment, natural death and death by fishing each year. All of the year classes of the population in a fishery ground could be affected when damages occur by human activities such as land filling or reclamation. The propose of this study is to calculate damages in terms of fishery production using a quantitative population dynamic method. If the maximum age in the population is $X_\lambda,$ the starting year of damage is $t_s,$ and the ending year of damage is $t_e,$ the number of year classes damaged is $t_{s-n\lambda}-t_e,$ Many year classes present in the year $t_s,$ and so if damages occur, they Influence all the year classes which are present in the population. Damaged year classes in year $t_e$ would still be in the population until the year $t_{e+n\lambda}$, where $n_{\lambda}$ is the oldest age class. If the expected yield of a year class is constant, the total yield from year classes in the fishing ground during the construction periods can be calculated as follows: $Y_\Phi=[(t_e-t_s+1)+n_c]{\cdot}Y_E+\sum\limits^{n_\lambda-n_c}_{l=1}\;\sum\limits^{n_\lambda-n_c}_{l=i}\;Y_{n_c+i}$ This method was applied for damage estimation in the production of Ruditapes philippinarum in a tidal flat fishing ground.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.19 no.12 s.151
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• pp.1027-1030
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• 1981

2065 patients who visited orthodontic department form 1977. 7. 16. to 1981. 9. 30. were surveyed on the yearly tendency of patient distribution and the state of Angle's Classification. The results were as follows: 1. There was increased visiting rate of patient per year except the year 1980. 2. 8-13 age group was 55% in total visiting patient and 20 age over group was 11.0%. 3. Class I malocclusion was 42.3% in total visiting patient, more Class III malocclusion was prevalent than Class II malocclusion.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.284-289
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• 2002

Background : The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the direct and indirect composite restorations which had been placed for 1 year Methods : The composite restorations which had been placed between 1999. Mar and 1999, Dec was evaluated after 1 year For direct restorations. Spectrum (Dentsply, USA) and Z100 (3M, USA) were used in the anterior teeth and Surefil (Dentsply, USA) were used. For class V restorations of anterior and posterior teeth. Spectrum was used. For indirect restorations, Targis/Vectris system (Vivadent/Ivoclar, Liechtenstein) was used 2 examiners evaluated marginal quality, proximal contact. discoloration, presence of 2$^{nd}$ caries, loss of filling and hypersensitivity of restorations. The restorations was clinically evaluated by modified methods based on USPHS. Results : 60 teeth were evaluated. 59 were clinically acceptable and 1 restoration which was placed in class v cavity in the posterior tooth was fallen out. In most cases, the restorations were clinically accept-able. For restorations which had been directly placed in the class II cavities, loose proximal contact was indicated as the main complaints. Conclusions : Most of Anterior and posterior restorations which bad been directly or indirectly placed for 1 year were clinically acceptable. For posterior teeth, loose proximal contact was indicated as the main problem in the directly placed Class II restorations. Long term clinical study is needed.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.215-219
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• 2019

Objectives: Postoperative paresthesia is a common complication after sagittal split osteotomy (SSO). This study aimed to compare paresthesia among different fixation methods one year postoperative. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study assessed subjects in four groups: class II with miniplate fixation (Group 1), class II with three-screw fixation (Group 2), class III with miniplate fixation (Group 3), and class III with three-screw fixation (Group 4). Paresthesia was evaluated one year postoperative based on a 0-10 visual analogue scale. Pearson correlation was used to evaluate associations of age and mandibular movement with paresthesia. ANOVA was used to compare paresthesia among groups. Results: A total of 80 subjects were enrolled, with 20 subjects in each of the four groups. The Pearson correlation test demonstrated a significant correlation between mandibular movement and paresthesia (P=0.001). Comparison of paresthesia among the groups showed significant differences among groups 1 and 2, 2 and 3, and 3 and 4 (P<0.05). Conclusion: The three-screw fixation method led to more paresthesia one year postoperative compared with miniplate fixation. In addition, the magnitude of mandibular movement had a positive correlation with paresthesia.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.571-586
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine educational meanings of snack and lunch time of 4-year-old children and their teachers in a kindergarten class. The study was done in the Class of 4-year-old children in S Kindergarten located in Songpa-gu, Seoul. And 30 children of this class, Teacher A who is the teacher in charge of the Class, and Teacher B who is the researcher and teacher in charge of it participated in it. The study was carried out by the ethnography method and data collection was done through participation observation, interviews, video and voice recording, and data collection of photography shooting. The results are as follow: First, the children had private conversations, shared their cultures, deepened and expanded their existing concepts, expressed their emotions and relieved their tension, and strengthened relations with friends during the snack and lunch time. Second, the teachers promoted conversation and communication, gave the opportunity that the children can set the lunch table by themselves and tried to make the snack and lunch time with the children by discussing what they are how they are operated with them together. In conclusion, the snack and lunch time can be more meaningful time for children when there are proper educational plans and support of teachers which are considered children's viewpoints.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.575-579
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• 2006

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate peri-implant bone loss and implant success on anterior maxillary alveolar ridges and Compare Class III and Class IV ridges in the aspect of peri-implant bone loss. Material and Methods : 14 patients (aged 21 to 68, 6males and 8females), who lacked maxillary anterior teeth and were installed from January 2000 to April 2003 at Samsung Medical Center, were selected. The type of implant used included 30 $Br\ddot{a}nemark$ implant. They were taken with digital tomographic and conventional intraoral radiographic examinmation, and were treated with implant installaion without bone augmentation. The peri-implant bone resorption was measured at the mesial and distal aspect of implant on the conventional intraoral radiographs. Results : The study classified the anterior maxillary alveolar ridge and measured peri-implant bone resorption from the period of implant installation to the 2nd year after functional loading radiographically. The study revealed no statistically significant difference between two groups, which was classified by its morphology. The average bone resorption on healing period before loading was 0.18mm and 0.18mm, the 1st year of loading period, 0.77 mm and 0.84mm, and on the 2nd year of loading period, 0.07mm and 0.06mm, respectively on both Class III and class IV. Conclusion : In the knife edge form of anterior maxillary residual ridges(Class IV), implant placement without ridge augmentation does not have significant difference with that of Class III alveolar ridge in the concern of Implant success after 2 year functional loading period in the aspect of peri-implant bone resorption radiographically.

• Korean Architects
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• s.597
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• pp.114-117
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• 2018

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1180-1190
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• 1990

96 patients underwent cardiac valve replacement for valvular heart diseases consecutively between February 1986 to February 1990 in the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery of Yeungnam University Hospital. The follow up period was between 6 months and 4.5 years postoperatively[mean 23.4$\pm$13.1 months]. 75 cases got mitral valve replacement, 6 cases, aortic valve replacement, 15 cases, double valve replacement. 30[31.2%] patients were male and 66[68.8%] were female and the age ranged from 14 to 66 years old. Early hospital death within 30 days postoperation were 5 patients[5.2%], consisting of by low cardiac output in 2, infective endocarditis in 1, multiple organ failure with sepsis in 1 patient. There was no late postoperative death. Most common early postoperative complication was wound disruption [8.7%] and then low cardiac output, pneumothorax, pleural effusion in order. Most common late postoperative complications were minor bleeding episodes[8.7%] related to anticoagulant therapy which were consisted of frequent epistaxis in 3, gum bleeding in 2, hemorrhagic gastritis in 1, hypermenorrhea in 1, hematoma in right arm in 1 patient. Valve-related complications included valve thrombosis [1.6%/ patient-year], valve failure due to pannus formation[1.1% /patient-year], prosthetic valve endocarditis[1, 1%o/patient-year] and minor anticoagulant hemorrhage[4.4% /patient-year]. 5 cases of reoperations were performed in 4 patients due to valve failure and all of them were in the mitral positions[2.7% /patient-year]. Cardiothoracic ratios in the chest X-ray decreased at the 6th month and 1st year postoperation in all patients. But in New York Heart Association[NYHA] functional class IV, no change in cardiothoracic ratio was found between 6 months and 1 year postoperation. In the echocardiogram, the size of the cardiac chambers decreased, but ejection fraction increased postoperatively in each functional class. In the electrocardiogram, decreases were found in the incidence of atrial fibrillation, left atrial enlargement, left ventricular hypertrophy with right bundle branch block increasing postoperatively in each functional class. The actuarial survival rate was 98.4% for all patients, 98.7% for mitral valve replacement, 83.8% for aortic valve replacement, and 80% for double valve replacement at the end of a 4.5 year follow up period. Meanwhile the actuarial freedom rate was 91.5% for prosthetic valve endocarditis, 91.6% for thromboembolism, 89.0% for prosthetic valve failure and 83.7% for minor anticoagulant hemorrhage. Preoperative NYHA class III and IV were 75% of all patients, but 95% of all patients were up graded to NYHA class I and II postoperatively.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.239-246
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• 2019

In this paper, we propose an effective software education donation model for the social care class. The types of software education for elementary, middle, and high school for the social care class are in the order of after school classes, club activities, creative experiences, and regular classes. In elementary school students, it is effective to precede visual programming education based on block coding and to conduct curriculum convergence with SW and HW at the beginning, and high school students are carrying out text programming education like Python. Software education for social care class The contribution activity model can be classified into five types such as geographically difficult area, multicultural family areas, orphanage, reformatory, and basic livelihood security recipient. In addition, the survey results show that the students' interest in software education and their satisfaction are all very high at 96%. Effective software education for the social care class In the donation model, the lecturers consist of responsible professors, lecturers, and assistant instructors. Software training for the social care class is effective on a year-by-year basis, so that students can feel authenticity and trust. Software education contents focus on visual programming and physical computing education in elementary or middle school, and text programming and physical computing education in high school. It is necessary to construct a software education donor matching system that helps efficient management of software education donations by efficiently matching schools (consumers: elementary, middle, high school) and software education donors(suppliers).