• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.323-336
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• 2001

Acontii Tuber is very toxious material, but In oriental medicine frequently used for emergency state like shock, coma, and severe pain and author study about Acontii Tuber in Bang-Yak-Hap-Pyun(方藥合編). Bang-Yak-Hap-Pyun(方藥合編) is widely used for clinical herbal prescpition book. Acontii Tuber has alkaloid. this chemical compound make toxious state like arrythmia, heart arrest, weakness, numbness, itching. And using this material must be careful. In Bang-Yak-Hap-Pyun(方藥合編) Acontii Tuber is used 1.2g ~ 12g. and it decrease pain, inflammation, increase activity of heart, and Acontii Tuber' commom use is severe pain disease. Raw Acontii Tuber(生附子) is rarely used, mostly roasted Acontii Tuber. In case of Acontii Tuber toxic state, in oriental medicine Gam-du-tang(甘豆湯) & Go-sam(苦蔘) is used, in western medicine atropine & lidocane is used.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.147-155
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• 2005

Yak-ju treatment is regarded as a new way to give a medication, and used many parts of medical field such as musculo-skeletal, aesthetic and cosmetic part. Recently I've experienced a good result by Yak-ju treatment for managing obese patient who had failed to lose his weight by conventional existing treatments comprised of herbal medicine, electro-lypolysis, negative pressure, ear acupuncture, behavior modification therapy and education for diet and exercise. This method can be recommended as a new method for curing obesity that can make up for the weak point of existing ways.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1774-1783
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• 2015

Milk lysozyme is the ubiquitous enzyme in milk of mammals. In this study, the cDNA sequence of a new chicken-type (c-type) milk lysozyme gene (YML), was cloned from yak mammary gland tissue. A 444 bp open reading frames, which encodes 148 amino acids (16.54 kDa) with a signal peptide of 18 amino acids, was sequenced. Further analysis indicated that the nucleic acid and amino acid sequences identities between yak and cow milk lysozyme were 89.04% and 80.41%, respectively. Recombinant yak milk lysozyme (rYML) was produced by Escherichia coli BL21 and Pichia pastoris X33. The highest lysozyme activity was detected for heterologous protein rYML5 (M = 1,864.24 U/mg, SD = 25.75) which was expressed in P. pastoris with expression vector $pPICZ{\alpha}A$ and it clearly inhibited growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Result of the YML gene expression using quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that the YML gene was up-regulated to maximum at 30 day postpartum, that is, comparatively high YML can be found in initial milk production. The phylogenetic tree indicated that the amino acid sequence was similar to cow kidney lysozyme, which implied that the YML may have diverged from a different ancestor gene such as cow mammary glands. In our study, we suggest that YML be a new c-type lysozyme expressed in yak mammary glands that plays a role as host immunity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1587-1593
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• 2010

Pastures of the Apennines of Central Italy contribute to feed resources of high altitude (above 1,300 m sea level) grazing systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of faecal extract from the yak (Bos grunnienes) as an alternative microbial inoculum to rumen fluid for estimation of digestibility of several forage species. Forage samples produced at high altitude were tested in this study: four legumes (Lathyrus sativus L., Lotus corniculatus L., Onobrychis viciaefolia L. and Trifolium pratense L.), three forbs (Achillea millefolium L., Potentilla reptans L. and Teucrium flavum L.) and one grass (Brachipodyum pinnatum L.) were incubated with yak rumen fluid or faecal extract. A large variability in chemical composition was observed among the species collected. Rumen liquor and faecal samples were collected from adult healthy yak. The $Daisy^{II}$ incubator was used to evaluate the nutrient digestibility of forages using rumen liquor as control and faecal extract as alternative microbial inoculum sources. Filter bags containing samples of browse species were added to the four digestion vessels along with their respective inoculum and then incubated for 48 h and dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral and detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility was determined. There was a significant relationship between estimates, indicating that faecal liquor has the potential to be used instead of rumen fluid for estimation of in vitro digestibility of plants. It is concluded that the $Daisy^{II}$ incubator results are appropriate for the determination of in vitro digestibility of nutrients using faecal liquor to define the potential for adaptation of yak to new pastures.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.35-47
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• 2016

"JeSeBoGam (濟世寶鑑)" was a medical document authored by Moon Gi-hong during the Japanese colonial rule in 1933, and the author acted as a Korean medicine doctor, an acupuncturist, a medicine practitioner and an apothecary. Since its first publication in 1933, it has been published three times in 1966 and 1975, from the Japanese colonial period to the liberation period. "JeSeBoGam" is largely divided into Preface part, "List of drugs according to symptoms [隨症用藥目錄]", "JeSeBoGam-Gap (濟世寶鑑甲)", and the Appendix includes "Key points for diagnosing the disease [察病要訣]" "Key points of acupuncture and pulse [脈訣]" "Key points of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment [針灸訣]" in the back of the book. In 1933, there are attached exam books and license application forms related to Korean medicine doctor and pharmacist, so strict regulations on them during the Japanese occupation period can be confirmed. "JeSeBoGam-Gap" contains 208 prescriptions from 143 prescriptions taken from "BangYakHapPyeon" and 65 prescriptions from other books. It divided into Gap (甲) Eul (乙) Byung (丙) Jung (丁). These prescriptions were placed in "List of drugs according to symptoms [隨症用藥目錄]" according to a symptom 1,286 times. Considerable parts of organization and prescription drug composition of "JeSeBoGam" are closely related with "BangYakHapPyeon", but there were adjustments in all medicinal ingredients and capacity for the rest of them except 23 prescription drugs. Compared to "BangYakHapPyeon", there was a tendency to substitute the basic prescription in "JeSeBoGam" for prescriptions used for the same disease. Though only 65 prescriptions were taken from books other than "BangYakHapPyeon", 575 times were reflected in "List of drugs according to symptoms [隨症用藥目錄]", and the rate of utilization is high compared with the number of prescriptions of "BangYakHapPyeon". It is thought that the circumstances of the Japanese occupation period, limits in medicinal ingredients composition due to regional characteristics, and changes in a patient's condition and the treatment method might have an influence on the author's drug use tendency. "JeSeBoGam" is similar to "BangYakHapPyeon" in composition, but it is a new practical medical book in which the author's clinical records are concentrated.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.8-27
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• 2001

1. Purpose This paper was written in order to understand the concept of ${\ulcorner}$DongMuYooGo YakSungGa${\lrcorner}$ (東武遣稿 藥性歌) which was descending as the material of Sasang pharmacology. So we are planning to make use of the fundamental material of the study on the Sasang Medications and Prescriptions. 2. Methods Through comparing each clause of ${\ulcorner}$DongMuYooGo YakSungGa${\lrcorner}$ on all the sasang -records, we understood that concept. 3 Result 1) ${\ulcorner}$DongMuYooGo YakSungGa${\lrcorner}$ of a literary work of DongMu(東武) which contain special elucidative-method of herb-nature has 18 type of YakSungGa which explain each 27 herbs for the Taeeumin, Soyangin and Soeumin. The period of authoship is supposed to the time just before ${\ulcorner}$DongyiSuseBowon Gabobon${\lrcorner}$ (東醫壽世保元 甲午本)(1894, DongMu 58 years old) or middle of fifties(53-57 years old). 2) YakSungGa of ${\ulcorner}$DongMuYooGo${\lrcorner}$ which is published by the BoGunsung(保健省) of North Korea is supposed to close to original type. The main meaning of that is the herb-nature which works on the weakst point of each Sasangin. And then the herbs were classfied by the diseases and symptoms possessing Bomyungjiju(保命之主), the herb's efficacy is explained at the each constitution. 3) The meaning of ${\ulcorner}$DongMuYooGo YakSungGa${\lrcorner}$ is exposure of the opinion of DongMu's early stage that proposed herb-nature which is applied to the principle of Jang(臟) of Sasangin, reason and purpose to enact newly created prescriptios by the constitutional diseases and symptoms, and the compositional principle of newly created prescription. 4) The selection of herbs or cogution of herb-nature of DongMu's pharmacological opinion of his early stage was changed by accumulating clinical experience. So all the newly created prescriptios of ${\ulcorner}$DongyiSuseBowon${\lrcorner}$ could not be explained by only the herb and the herd-nature on ${\ulcorner}$DongMuYooGo YakSungGa${\lrcorner}$. Therefore the purpose of DongMu's YaksungGa is not explaining the symptoms in charge of each herb or classifying the herb by constitution, but offering the principle of composition of prescription of Sasang, from the necessary herb which possess and expand Bomyungjiju to nature of herb which is applied to the constitution for treating all the diseases and sypmtoms by the heavy or light and slow or speedy.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.574-578
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• 2005

Effects of different yeast strains on physicochemical characteristics of Bokbunja (Rubus coreanus Miq.) fruits alcohol fermentation were investigated. Bokbusnja fruit must was inoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae KCCM 12224 (Sc-24), wild-type Bokbunja yeast (Bok-3), Saccharomyces coreanus (Yak-7), and Sc-24+Yak-7. Ethanol contents of Sc-24, Bok-3, Yak-7, and Sc-24+Yak-7 were 11.08, 10.62, 10.18, and 10.26%, respectively after 10 days fermentation. Addition of pectinase (500 ppm) increased ethanol content by 0.1-1.5%. Organic acids of Bokbunja wine were citric, malic, shikimic, formic, and oxalic acids. Citric and malic acid contents remarkably decreased, whereas that of acid increased by fermentation. Total acidity of Bokbunja wine was dependent on citric acid content. Sc-24, Yak-7, and Bok-3+ pectinase were more efficient for improvement of wine-color, although color values of Bokbunja wine significantly decreased during early stage of fermentation. Sc-24 and Bok-3+500 ppm of pectinase, and 8-10 days of fermentation could enhance quality of Bokbunja wine.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.671-679
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• 2010

This study investigated the perception, evaluation, and the possibility for globalizing Korean foods and Yak-sun among different nationalities of foreigners living in Korea. A survey was conducted with 171 foreigners (eastern Asian, southeastern and central Asian, European, and American). The questionnaire was composed of three parts, including perception, evaluation, and the possibility for globalizing Korean foods and Yak-sun. The reason for choosing Korean foods cited by southeastern and central Asians and Americans was "taste", whereas eastern Asians and Europeans chose "culture" and "curiosity", respectively. Americans and Europeans considered "spiciness" as a reason not to choose Korean foods (P<0.001). Regarding the possibility of globalizing Korean foods, eastern Asians and Americans/Europeans/southeast Asians and central Asians responded "Korean dining culture" and "incomprehensive menus", respectively (P<0.05). An "explanation of the menu to foreigners" was regarded as the main suggestion for globalizing Korean food. Most of the respondents understood that Yak-sun is an oriental medicinal food that provides improved health and disease prevention. A number of Europeans and Americans expressed high interest in the conceptualization of Yak-sun (P<0.001). With regard to the priority for developing Yak-sun, eastern Asians, southeastern and central Asians, and Europeans picked out "health status improvement", whereas "improved nutritional status" was manifested in the majority of the American's responses (P<0.001). Therefore, it is crucial that "localization" be applied to Korean foods and Yak-sun to meet the international standard. Furthermore, it is necessary to provide simplified and correct Korean food content information to foreigners.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.23-28
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• 2000

As a result of examination and analyzing variety of bibliographies, "Un hae nap yak zung chi bang" that has been known as anonymous work, is thought to be the work of Hur jun.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.237-240
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• 2008

C-22 is one of health food made in Han Kook Shin Yak. For studying its antitumor activity, the 50% ethanol extract from C-22 was tested on BDF1 mice bearing LLC tumor cell by Teruhiro’s method. The samples were intraperitoneally injected to mice once a day with a daily dose of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg for 14 consecutive days. Taxol was used as positive control with a dose of 50 mg/kg. As a result, the C-22's extracts dose dependently inhibited the tumor volume with the IRTV values of 28.7, 46.7, 58.9% and the IRTW values of 28.1, 46.0, 57.8% in 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, respectively, while the Taxol showed antitumor activity with IRTV and IRTW values of 68.5 and 67.3% in 50 mg/kg. No loss of body weight was observed at any samples. This data suggested that the C-22's antitumor activity was enough to use as a cancer chemopreventive agent, and it will be used for preventing cancer as health food.