• Title/Summary/Keyword: y-branch

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A study on the fabrication of Y-branch for optical power distribution and its coupling properties with optical fiber (광분배를 위한 Y-branch 제작과 광파이버와의 결합특성에 관한 연구)

  • 김상덕;박수봉;윤중현;이재규;김종빈
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.21 no.12
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    • pp.3277-3285
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    • 1996

  • In this paper, w designed an opical power distribution device for application to an optical switching and an optical subscriber loop. We fabricated PSG thin film by LPCVD. Based on the measured index of fabricted thin film, rib-type waveguide was transformed to two-dimension by the effective index method and we simulated dispersion property to find asingle-mode condition. We found that the optimum design parameters of rib-type waveguide are:cladding layer of 3.mu.m, core layer of 3.mu.m, buffer layer of 10.mu.m, and core width of 4.mu.m. Each side of the guiding region was etched down to 4.mu.m to shape the core. We used these optimum parameters of the rib-type waveguide with branching angle of 0.5.deg. and simulted the Y-branch waveguide by the BPM simulation. Numerical loss in branching area was claculated to be 0.1581dB and equal to the total loss of the Y-branch. The loss of the fabricated Y-branch waveguide on PSG film ws 1.6dB at .lambda.=1.3.mu.m before annealing but was 1.2dB after annealing at 1000.deg. C for 10 minutes. Consequently, the loss of branching area from 3000.mu.m to 6000.mu.m in the z-direction was 0.8dB, and single-mode propagation was confirmed by measuring the near field pattern. For coupling the fabricated Y-branch waveguide with an optical fiber, we fabricated V-groove which was used as the upholder of optical fiber. An etching angle was 54.deg. and the width and depth of guiding groove was 150.mu.m, 70.mu.m, respectively. The optical fiber is inserted onto V-groove. Both the Y-branch and V-groove were connected through the index matching oil. Coupling loss after connecting Y-branch and the optical fiber on V-groove was 0.34dB and that after injecting index mateching oil was 0.14dB.

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The Variation of Winter Buds among 10 Selected Populations of Kalopanax septemlobus Koidz. in Korea

  • Kim, Sea-Hyun;Ahn, Young-sang;Jung, Hyun-Kwon;Jang, Yong-Seok;Park, Hyung-Soon
    • Plant Resources
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    • v.5 no.3
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    • pp.214-223
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    • 2002

  • The objective of this study was to understand the conservation of gene resources and provide information for mass selection' of winter bud characters among the selected populations of Kalopanax septemlobus Koidz using analysis of variance(ANOVA) tests. The obtained results are shown below; 1. Ten populations of K. septemlobus were selected for the study of the variation of winter bud characters in Korea. The results of the analysis of variance(ANOVA) tests shows that there were statistically significant differences in all of the winter bud characters among those populations. 2. Correlation analysis shows that width between Height and DBH(Diameter at breast height) characters have negative relationship with all of the characters, as ABL(Apical branch length), ABW(Apical branch width), AWBL(Apical branch winter bud length), AWBW(Apical branch winter bud width), ABT(Apical branch No. of thorns), ABLB(Apical branch No. of lateral bud) and LBL(Lateral branch length), LBW(Lateral branch width), LBT(Lateral branch No. of thorns), LBLB(Lateral branch No. of lateral bud). 3. The result of principal component analysis(PCA) for winter buds showed that the first principal components(PC' s) to the fourth principal component explains about 78% of the total variation. The first principal component(PC) was correlated with AWBW, LWBW, and LBL and the ratio of ABL/ABW and LBL/LBW out of 16 winter bud characters. The second principal component correlated with ABL, ABW, ABLB, LWBL(Lateral branch winter bud length), and LBW and the ratio of AWBL/AWBW. The third principal component correlated with ABL, ABW, LWBL, LBL, and the ratio of LBL/LBW. The fourth principal component correlated with LBL and the ratio of LWBL/LWBW(Lateral branch winter bud width), LBL/LBW. Therefore, these characters were important to analysis of the variation for winter bud characters among selected populations of K. septemlobus in Korea. 4. Cluster analysis using the average linkage method based on 10 selected populations for the 16 winter bud characters of K. septemlobus in Korea showed a clustering into two groups by level of distance 1.1(Fig. 3). As can be seen in Fig. 3, Group I consisted of three areas(Mt. Sori, Mt. Balwang and Mt. Worak) and Group Ⅱ contisted of seven areas(Suwon, Mt. Chuwang, Mt. Kyeryong, Mt. Kaji, Mt. Jiri, Muan, and Mt. Halla). The result of cluster analysis for winter bud characters corresponded well with principal component analysis, as is shown in Fig. 2.

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Simple Recovery Mechanism for Branch Misprediction in Global-History-Based Branch Predictors Allowing the Speculative Update of Branch History (분기 히스토리의 모험적 갱신을 허용하는 전역 히스토리 기반 분기예측기에서 분기예측실패를 위한 간단한 복구 메커니즘)

  • Ko, Kwang-Hyun;Cho, Young-Il
    • Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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    • v.32 no.6
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    • pp.306-313
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    • 2005

  • Conditional branch prediction is an important technique for improving processor performance. Branch mispredictions, however, waste a large number of cycles, inhibit out-of-order execution, and waste electric power on mis-speculated instructions. Hence, the branch predictor with higher accuracy is necessary for good processor performance. In global-history-based predictors like gshare and GAg, many mispredictions come from commit update of the history. Some works on this subject have discussed the need for speculative update of the history and recovery mechanisms for branch mispredictions. In this paper, we present a simple mechanism for recovering the branch history after a misprediction. The proposed mechanism adds an age_counter to the original predictor and doubles the size of the branch history register. The age_counter counts the number of outstanding branches and uses it to recover the branch history register. Simulation results on the Simplescalar 3.0/PISA tool set and the SPECINTgS benchmarks show that gshare and GAg with the proposed recovery mechanism improved the average prediction accuracy by 2.14$\%$ and 9.21$\%$, respectively and the average IPC by 8.75$\%$ and 18.08$\%$, respectively over the original predictor.

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ADDITIVE-QUARTIC FUNCTIONAL EQUATION IN NON-ARCHIMEDEAN ORTHOGONALITY SPACES

  • Lee, Hyunju;Kim, Seon Woo;Son, Bum Joon;Lee, Dong Hwan;Kang, Seung Yeon
    • Korean Journal of Mathematics
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.33-46
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    • 2012

  • Using the direct method, we prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of the orthogonally additive-quartic functional equation (0.1) $f(2x+y)+f(2x-y)=4f(x+y)+4f(x-y)+10f(x)+14f(-x)-3f(y)-3f(-y)$ for all $x$, $y$ with $x{\perp}y$, in non-Archimedean Banach spaces. Here ${\perp}$ is the orthogonality in the sense of R$\ddot{a}$tz.

  • https://doi.org/10.11568/kjm.2012.20.1.033 인용 PDF KSCI