• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.89-93
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• 2013

This study was performed to investigate the effect of Nei Guan (PC-6) moxibustion stimulation on artificial bradycardia of dogs. Xylazine was injected for inducing bradycardia. Rectal temperature, systolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, heart rate were recorded every 10 minutes for 120 minutes. Systolic blood pressure significantly increased on 40 min (p < 0.05) after xylazine injection, compared with those of control group. Heart rate significantly increased on 40 min (p < 0.01), 50 min (p < 0.01), 60 min (p < 0.01), 70 min (p < 0.01), 80 min (p < 0.01), 100 min (p < 0.01), 120min (p < 0.01) after xylazine injection, compared with those of control group. In conclusion, moxibustion of Nei Guan (PC-6) showed recovery effect in xylazine induced bradycardia in dogs.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.29-36
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• 1983

The sedative action of xylazine hydrochloride and effects of doxapram hydrochloride on the sedative action of xylazine hydrochloride were investigated in goats with carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Sedati

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.675-677
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• 1991

This study was designed to examine the effect of xylazine (0.07mg/kg suspended in 5ml saline) given into the epidural space in 11 Holstein cows. Analgesic state was induced at the perineal region within 10 min after administration of xylazine and at the u

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.669-685
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• 1997

The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of xylazine and tiletamine + zolazepam on echocardiograms before and after experimental myocardial infarctions in clinically normal dogs taken preliminary examinations related to cardiac function. The results are as follows. With xylazine administration, left ventricle end-diastolic dimension, left ventricle end-systolic dimension, left atrium/aorta, ejection time and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening increased and mitral valve CD slope, % delta D decreased(p<0.01). In tiletamine+zolazepam administered group, interventricular septum amplitude(p<0.01), mitral valve DE slope(p<0.05) and ejection time(p<0.01) decreased and left atrium/aorta, ejection time also decreased compared with xylazine group(p<0.01). In 48 hours after experimental myocardial infarction group, anterior aortic wall amplitude decreased compared with control, xylazine, tiletamine + zolazepam group, respectively(p<0.01). Posterior aortic wall amplitude decreased compared with control(p<0.01). Left ventricle end systolic dimension increased compared with control and tiletamine + zolazepam group, respectively(p<0.01). Left ventricular posterior wall end systolic dimension decreased compared with control(p<0.01). Left ventricular posterior wall amplitude decreased compared with control and tiletamine+zolazepam group(p<0.01). Left atrium/aorta decreased compared with xylazine group(p<0.01). % thickening left ventricular posterior wall decreased compared with control(p<0.05). % delta D decreased compared with control and tiletamine+zolazepam group(p<0.01). Ejection time decreased compared with xylazine(p<0.01). Velocity of circumferential fiber shortening increased compared with control and tiletamine + zolazepam group(p<0.01). With xylazine administration 48 hours after experimental myocardial infarction, anterior aortic wall amplitude, posterior aortic wall amplitude decreased compared with control(p<0.01). Left ventricle end-diastolic dimension increased compared with control(p<0.01). Left ventricle end-systolic dimension increased compared with control and tiletamine + zolazepam group, respectively(p<0.01). Left ventricular posterior wall end-systolic dimension and left ventricular posterior wall end-diastolic dimension decreased compared with control(p<0.01). Left atrium/aorta decreased compared with xylazine group(p<0.01). % thickening left ventricular posterior. wall(p<0.05) and % delta D(p<0.01) decreased compared with control. Velocity of circumferential fiber shortening increased compared with tiletamine + zolazepam group(p<0.01). With tiletamine + zolazepam administration 48 hours after experimental myocardial infarction, anterior aortic wall amplitude decreased compared with control, xylazine and tiletamine+zolazepam group, respectively(p<0.01). Posterior aortic wall amplitude decreased compared with control(p<0.01). Left ventricle end-systolic dimension increased compared with control and tiletamine+zolazepam group(p<0.01). Left ventricular posterior wall end-systolic dimension, left ventricular posterior wall end-diastolic dimension and interventricular septum amplitude decreased compared with control(p<0.01). Left atrium/aorta decreased compared with xylazine group(p<0.01). % delta D decreased compared with control and tiletamine + zolazepam group(p<0.01). Ejection time decreased compared with xylazine group and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening increased compared withtiletamine+zolazepam group(p<0.01). Conclusively, echocardiography was proved to be a useful, diagnostic, non-invasive and simple method for establishing the diagnosis of myocardial infarction and evaluating the effects of drug on cardiac function before and after myocardial infarction.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.277-282
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• 2002

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of anesthetics on waveform of SEPs and to authorize possible anesthetic protocol for measurement of the somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs). Thirteen anesthetic methods were used. The SEPs were recorded on two channels (between the 5th and 6th lumbar vertebra as the channel 1 and between the 11th and 12th thoracic vertebra as the channel 2) following stimulation of posterior tibial nerve. ID analyze SEPs wave, latency and conduction velocity were measured. Among thirteen anesthetic methods, standard SEPs waveforms were observed in dogs anesthetized with following six methods: Acepromazine + Thiepfntal Na + Isoflurane, Acepronazine + Propofol + Isoflurane, Diazepam + Xylazine, Xylazine + Ketamine, Acepromazine + Propofol infusion and Propofol infusion. Above six methods could be used with sufficient anesthetic depth. The differences of latency and conduction velocity among six groups were minimal compared to general waveform of SEPs. These results indicate that the six anesthetic methods can be used for recording SEPs in the dog. In particular, Diazepam + Xylazine and XylaBine + Ketamine as injectable anesthesia are considered more convenient than other four methods in veterinary medicine.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.501-509
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• 1990

This study was designed to examine effects of $\alpha$$_2$-Adrenergic Antagonists on blood chemical values in xylazine-sedated dogs. Twenty-four crossbred dogs of both sexes were intramusculary injected with a standard dosage of xylazine(2.2mg/kg of body weight). Righting reflex was uniformly lost and considered to be the point of maximum sedation. When the dogs were maximally sedated, tested groups were in-travenously injected with yohimbine 0.125mg/kg, 4-aminopyridine(4-AP) 0.3mg/kg, and a combination of yohimbine with 4-AP. Control group was intravenously 1 $m\ell$ of physiological saline solution. Total protein(T.P), albumin, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotrnasferase(ALT), blood urea nitrogen(BUN) were analyzed in the conditions of 0-, 30-, 60- and 120-minute after the administration of drugs. The results obtained in the study were as follows. 1. Changes of T.P, albumin, AST, ALT and BUN values in the control group were not significant during or after xylazine administration for at least 120minutes. 2. No changes of T.P, albumin, AST, ALT and BUN values in the tested groups were observed during or after $\alpha$$_2$-Adrenergic Antagonists treatment. 3. Serum glucose values of control group were getting remarkably increased after xylazine injection. 4. The xylasine-induced hyperglycemia was reversed in the dogs administrated with $\alpha$$_2$-Adrenergic Antagonists. Therefore, the results of the study show that the combined treatment with antagonists may be useful for accidental overdoses of xylazine and rapid reversal of animals sedated with xylazine.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.345-349
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of needle-acupuncture (needle-AP) at PC06 and BL15 on xylazine induced bradycardia in dogs. Total 12 dogs were divided into control (4 dogs), PC06 (4 dogs) and BL15 (4 dogs) groups, respectively. As for the treatments in each group, control group was injected with xylazine only. PC06 and BL15 groups were treated by needle-AP during 20 minutes at the same time of xylazine injection. The changes of heart rates, R-R intervals and respiratory rates were investigated on pre, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 minutes after xylazine injection. The change of heart rates in experimental PC06 and BL15 groups revealed significant increase on 10 (p<0.05) and 20 minutes (p<0.05) after xylazine injection, compared with those of control group. In addition, heart rates in PC06 group showed increased value on 30 minutes (p<0.05) after xylazine injection, comparing with those of BL15 group. The changes of respiratory rates in experimental PC06 and BL15 groups revealed significant increase on 20 minutes (p<0.05) after xylazine injection, compared with those of control group, however, significance was not found between experimental groups. In conclusion, needle-AP at PC06 and BL15 were effective for improvement of xylazine induced canine bradycardia and needle-AP at PC06 was more effective than that at BL15.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.145-150
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• 1981

This study was performed to evaluate the sedative effect of xylazine for restraint of deers such as sika deer (19 cases), red deer (19 cases), elk (19 cases), pere david deer (13 cases) and reindeer (8 cases), raised in the area of surburb of Seoul, Chungcheongnam-do and Gyungsangbug-do. provinces The results were as follows : 1. The more the dose of xylazine, the earlier the onset of sedation, and the s1ower the recovery time to normal state. 2. The optimal intramuscular dose of xylazine was found to be 0.8~1.4mg per Kg of body weight for sika deer, 0.6~1.0mg for red deer, 1.0~1.4mg for elk, 0.2~0.4mg for pere david deer, and 0.6~1.0mg for reindeer.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.9-21
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• 1988

Gastro-intestinal mortility and transit time of barium sulfate after electroacupuncture were investigated in normal dogs and administration of xylatine in dogs. Electroacupuncture was performed with a current of 1.5 volt and 20 Hz at the acupoints of Tsu San Li(right(+) left(-) in dogs for 30 minutes. The results were as follows: 1. After electroacupuncture stimnlation in normal dogs, rates of stomach contractions was not changed, but amplitudes of stomach motility was markadly increased. The electroacupuncture stimulation tasted about 60 minutes after the end of electroacupuncture. 2. The stomach contractions was markedly increased, while the amplitudes of stomach motility was sligltly decreased by the administration of xylazine in dogs. 3. The rates of stomach contractions and amplitudes of motility were markedly increased after administration of xylazine in the electroacupuncture stimulated dogs. 4. Gastric emptying time o barium sulfate after electroacupuncture stimulation in dogs was highly significantly decreased compared with that of normal dogs(p < 0.01). 5. Small bowel transit time of barium sulfate after electroacupuncture stimulation in dogs was highly significantly decreased compared with that of normal dogs (p < 0.01). 6. Gastroduodenal transit time of barium sulfate after administration of xylazine following electroacupuncture stimulation dogs was blighty significantly decreased compared to that of dogs dosed with xylazine (p< 0.01). 7. Small bowel transit time of barium sulfate after administration of xylazine following electroacupuncture stimulation dogs markedly decreased compared to that of dogs dosed with xylazine (p < 0.05).

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.61-71
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• 1988

This study was performed to compare the antagonistic effects of intravenous(0.125mg / kg) and subcutaneous(0.25mg /kg) administration of yohimbine on xylazine-induced immobilized(4.5mg/ kg) dog and to investigate the effectiveness of yohimbine compound(0.25mg / kg) in clinical practice. Mean arousal time(MAT), mean walk time(MWT), and time to return to normal electroencephalograms were remarkably decreased in all yohimbine-treated groups compared with the control. In electroencephalograms(A-B$\sub$I/ lead), there were no significant alteration, except RR interval. RR interval was decreased in all yohimbine-treated groups compared with the control. Second-degree heart blocks(41.7%) shown after xylazine administration disappeared within 2 min after yohimbine administration. The frequency of electroencephalograms(RO-RF trace) was recovered faster to normal in yohimbine-treated groups than that of the control. In histopathological changes of ICR mice given yohimbine compound subcutaneously, edema with inflammatory cells of hypodermis was slightly shown on the 1st day, but this findings were not observed on the 5th day. It was considered that no difference in the antagonistic effects of intravenous and subcutaneous administration of yohimbine on xylazine- induced immobilized dog were observed and yohimbine compound was usable in clinical practice for antagonistic agent to the xylazine.